Back Clinic Chiropractic. This is a form of alternative treatment that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of various musculoskeletal injuries and conditions, especially those associated with the spine. Dr. Alex Jimenez discusses how spinal adjustments and manual manipulations regularly can greatly help both improve and eliminate many symptoms that could be causing discomfort to the individual. Chiropractors believe among the main reasons for pain and disease are the vertebrae’s misalignment in the spinal column (this is known as a chiropractic subluxation).
Through the usage of manual detection (or palpation), carefully applied pressure, massage, and manual manipulation of the vertebrae and joints (called adjustments), chiropractors can alleviate pressure and irritation on the nerves, restore joint mobility, and help return the body’s homeostasis. From subluxations, or spinal misalignments, to sciatica, a set of symptoms along the sciatic nerve caused by nerve impingement, chiropractic care can gradually restore the individual’s natural state of being. Dr. Jimenez compiles a group of concepts on chiropractic to best educate individuals on the variety of injuries and conditions affecting the human body.
The Cobb angle is a mathematical measurement tool for assessing the curvature of the spine. Along with physical exams and other tests, how is it used to evaluate scoliosis and kyphosis of the spine?
Cobb Angle
The Cobb angle is used to quantify the curvature of the spine, particularly in conditions like scoliosis. It measures the degree of side-to-side spinal curvature, a deformity called scoliosis. The angle’s size helps determine what kind of treatment is needed. Monitoring may be all that’s necessary for mild curvature. With severe scoliosis, treatment may require spinal fusion surgery. Named for orthopedic surgery pioneer John Robert Cobb, it describes the distance a scoliotic curve may deviate from being straight. (Botterbush K. S. et al., 2023) Generally, it takes at least 10 degrees of deviation from straight before scoliosis is confirmed.
X-Ray and Interpretation
An X-ray is taken to measure the Cobb angle. Side and back views are taken. The healthcare provider or examiner then views the X-rays and locates the most affected vertebra in the curve, the apical vertebra. In a scoliotic curve, the apical vertebra is the spinal bone with the greatest degree of rotation that takes the biggest curve away from the center of a normal spine column.
Visualizing the Angle
The apical vertebra is where two lines drawn from the X-rays meet. Two lines are drawn along the edge of the top and bottom bones of the curve. The lines extend out as follows:
On the top bone, the line starts on the high side, continues along the top edge, and then slopes down according to the angle of the vertebra. (Jin, C. et al., 2022)
On the bottom vertebra, the line starts on the low side, continues along the bottom edge, and slopes upward.
The Cobb angle is found by measuring the angle of the two intersecting lines where they meet.
Then, the top and bottom vertebrae of the side-to-side curve are identified to create a number for the Cobb angle. These bones have the most tilt but the least rotation and displacement and are located above and below the apical vertebra. Computer software is commonly used to calculate the Cobb angle. (Jin, C. et al., 2022) Treatment is based on the:
Angle size
Gender: Scoliosis is more common and likely to progress in females
Scoliosis is diagnosed when the Cobb angle reaches 10 degrees or more. However, this is not generally considered a significant curvature (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024). In around 80% of cases, the scoliosis is considered idiopathic or without congenital or other underlying causes.
Less Than 25 Degrees Cobb Angle
If a scoliotic curve is less than 25 degrees, individuals may only need to visit their healthcare provider periodically so long as the scoliosis is monitored. These are mild cases, often without symptoms, but there is a chance that the curvature can progress. This usually means reassessing the Cobb angle every four to six months in a growing child or adolescent. (National Scoliosis Foundation, 2015) A 5-degree or more progression can change the diagnosis and treatment. (Jin, C. et al., 2022)
Between 25 and 40 Degrees Cobb Angle
A Cobb angle of 25 to 40 degrees usually requires wearing a back brace and intensive physical therapy. The goal of these treatments is to help halt the curve’s progression. Braces are generally worn 16 to 23 hours every day. (National Scoliosis Foundation, 2015) The healthcare provider will provide a referral for physical therapy. Many report excellent results with the Schroth or other scoliosis-specific exercise methods. A study found that core stabilization exercise programs can decrease Cobb angles in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. (Ko K. J. & Kang S. J. 2017)
Scoliosis in Adults
Scoliosis is diagnosed in adults, usually in those who have had the condition, treated or not, that was identified in their youth. A study that followed various cases for 20 years found disease progression occurred in 40% of adults but was usually less than one degree per year. However, degenerative scoliosis can also occur in individuals aged 65 and older. (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024)
40 Degrees or More Cobb Angle
Surgery may be recommended once the Cobb angle reaches 40 to 50 degrees. A spinal fusion is often used to force the curve to stop developing. In adults, surgery may be needed if the angle reaches 50 degrees and they experience complications, such as nerve damage or bowel/bladder dysfunction. Risk factors in adults include older age, a history of smoking, and a diagnosis of other conditions, including being overweight. (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024)
Variations
Variations occur in measuring scoliosis, and it is important to understand the difference between a change in scoliosis and a change in the tools or measurement. Equipment errors, imaging errors, and the subjective reading of the healthcare provider can change the values. (Jin, C. et al., 2022) Scoliosis measurement software and intelligent medical devices continue to improve how scoliosis is evaluated and treated. Physical exams, symptoms, and careful monitoring of changes in posture or function are still critical to an accurate diagnosis. The healthcare provider will explain the Cobb angle and other test results.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Academic Low Back Pain: Impact and Chiropractic Solutions
References
Botterbush, K. S., Zhang, J. K., Chimakurty, P. S., Mercier, P., & Mattei, T. A. (2023). The life and legacy of John Robert Cobb: the man behind the angle. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 39(6), 839–846. doi.org/10.3171/2023.7.SPINE23146
Jin, C., Wang, S., Yang, G., Li, E., & Liang, Z. (2022). A Review of the Methods on Cobb Angle Measurements for Spinal Curvature. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(9), 3258. doi.org/10.3390/s22093258
Ko, K. J., & Kang, S. J. (2017). Effects of 12-week core stabilization exercise on the Cobb angle and lumbar muscle strength of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(2), 244–249. doi.org/10.12965/jer.1734952.476
Experience the powerful properties of moringa. Understand its health benefits and how it can support a healthier lifestyle.
Introduction
How often do you experience joint pain after doing daily tasks? Do you find that the upper and lower body extremities are hot and sensitive to the touch? Or do you wake up with widespread joint and muscle discomfort that goes away over the day? Inflammatory effects might result from overlapping pain feelings that are caused by inflammation in certain bodily joints. When this occurs, a lot of folks start searching for strategies to lessen joint inflammation. To lessen joint inflammation, many patients choose holistic therapies that include vitamins, herbal supplements, and nutraceuticals. Moringa is one of the supplements we will examine.
Moringa: The Nutritional Powerhouse
The “Miracle Tree,” or moringa, is a plant that is indigenous to many regions of Africa and Asia and has strong nutritional and therapeutic qualities. This nutrient-dense superfood is a multifunctional plant with a wide range of nutritional and medicinal benefits. (Arora and Arora, 2021) Numerous vital vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and bioactive substances found in moringa plants support general health. To demonstrate the nutritional value of moringa oleifera, one gram of dried moringa leaves contains:
9 grams of protein.
Vitamin C: 51.7 milligrams
378 mcg of Vitamin
185 mg of calcium; 337 mg of potassium; 4 mg of iron; and 147 mg of magnesium
Two grams of fiber
Additionally, moringa’s inherent capacity to reduce inflammation and ease joint pain brought on by arthritis and other joint disorders is among its most advantageous qualities for a large number of people.
A Natural Remedy For Inflammation
The body’s normal reaction to diseases, traumas, and long-term joint disorders like arthritis is inflammation. Depending on how severe the damaged region is, a person may have either acute or chronic inflammation. In contrast to chronic inflammation, which may result in overlapping risk profiles and cause tissue damage and long-term discomfort, acute inflammation causes redness and heat to radiate from the afflicted location. When this occurs, moringa’s anti-inflammatory properties may aid in the natural reduction of joint inflammation.
How Moringa Helps Fight Inflammation
Moringa has numerous beneficial properties to reduce the impact of inflammation; it includes:
Antioxidant Riched
Strong antioxidants found in moringa neutralize dangerous oxidants brought on by inflammation and oxidative stress while also inhibiting the pro-inflammatory enzymes quercetin and kaempferol. (Chis and others, 2023) By neutralizing free radicals, moringa’s antioxidant properties help reduce the harm they cause. (Jimenez-Vergara et al., 2017)
Contains Natural Anti-Inflammatory Compounds
Moringa has strong antioxidants that neutralize dangerous oxidants brought on by inflammation and oxidative stress while blocking the pro-inflammatory enzymes quercetin and kaempferol. (Chis and others, 2023) Moringa’s antioxidant properties may neutralize free radicals and reduce their harmful effects. In 2017, Vergara-Jimenez et al.
Supports Immune Function
Many individuals are unaware that immune system failure is often associated with chronic inflammation, and that moringa may enhance immunological function. By causing a mild inflammatory phase to aid in healing, moringa consumption may reduce chemical and physical irritants as well as immunological problems. (Xiao and others, 2020) Moringa also contains significant levels of beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin C, which enhance the immune system and support and control a healthy inflammatory response.
Unlocking The Secrets Of Inflammation-Video
Moringa for Joint Pain & Arthritis
Moringa may be a natural remedy for joint pain, whether from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, without the typical negative effects of prescription drugs. This is because as the body ages, the joints may get smaller, resulting in inflammation-related pain that eventually leads to malalignment. (Gessl and others, 2021)
Reduces Joint Swelling
The anti-inflammatory properties that moringa has can help decrease joint swelling and reduce stiffness and pain. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory properties of moringa can help improve skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with joint swelling by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines. (Sailaja et al., 2022)
Prevents Cartilage Breakdown
The antioxidants in moringa help protect against cartilage degradation, which is a major cause of joint pain.
Improves Joint Mobility & Flexibility
Many people found that incorporating and regularly consuming moringa can help reduce joint pain and stiffness while improving mobility and flexibility in the upper and lower extremities.
Incorporating Moringa Into Your Diet
Many people who are thinking about their health and wellness can make small changes to their daily routine, especially regarding their eating habits. Since food and nutrition are crucial to developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, adding moringa into a person’s daily routine can do that. (Bibi et al., 2024) There are several ways to enjoy moringa’s benefits:
1. Moringa Powder
– Adding 1-2 teaspoons of moringa powder to smoothies, soups, or teas can provide an extra nutritional boost to the body.
2. Moringa Capsules
– For individuals with a busy, hectic lifestyle, consuming moringa capsules daily can help many people incorporate taking supplements as a daily habit.
3. Moringa Tea
– For those individuals who enjoy a warm cup of tea, seeping moringa leaves for three to five minutes in hot water can create a soothing anti-inflammatory tea.
4. Moringa Oil (Ben Oil)
– Individuals dealing with joint pain can apply moringa oil to their joints for additional pain relief.
Final Thoughts
Moringa is a powerful superfood with anti-inflammatory and joint pain-relieving properties that can be incorporated into a healthy diet. Due to its essential nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds can be a natural alternative for individuals seeking relief from arthritis and chronic inflammation. Incorporating moringa as part of a healthy dietary habit can improve individuals’ health and joint mobility.
Injury Medical & Functional Medicine Clinic
We associate with certified medical providers who understand the importance of the various effects of incorporating moringa to reduce the inflammatory effects that are causing joint pain. When asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to implement small changes to their daily routine, like incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into their diets to reduce the effects of joint inflammation and restore mobility. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., utilizes this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
References
Arora, S., & Arora, S. (2021). Nutritional significance and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera: The wonder plant. J Food Biochem, 45(10), e13933. doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13933
Bibi, N., Rahman, N., Ali, M. Q., Ahmad, N., & Sarwar, F. (2024). Nutritional value and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera: a short overview of current research. Nat Prod Res, 38(23), 4261-4279. doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2023.2284862
Chis, A., Noubissi, P. A., Pop, O. L., Muresan, C. I., Fokam Tagne, M. A., Kamgang, R., Fodor, A., Sitar-Taut, A. V., Cozma, A., Orasan, O. H., Heghes, S. C., Vulturar, R., & Suharoschi, R. (2023). Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Mechanisms of Action, Focus on Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Plants (Basel), 13(1). doi.org/10.3390/plants13010020
Cuellar-Nunez, M. L., Gonzalez de Mejia, E., & Loarca-Pina, G. (2021). Moringa oleifera leaves alleviated inflammation through downregulation of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. Food Res Int, 144, 110318. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110318
Gessl, I., Popescu, M., Schimpl, V., Supp, G., Deimel, T., Durechova, M., Hucke, M., Loiskandl, M., Studenic, P., Zauner, M., Smolen, J. S., Aletaha, D., & Mandl, P. (2021). Role of joint damage, malalignment and inflammation in articular tenderness in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 80(7), 884-890. doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218744
Sailaja, B. S., Hassan, S., Cohen, E., Tmenova, I., Farias-Pereira, R., Verzi, M. P., & Raskin, I. (2022). Moringa isothiocyanate-1 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in mouse myoblasts and skeletal muscle. PLOS ONE, 17(12), e0279370. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279370
Vergara-Jimenez, M., Almatrafi, M. M., & Fernandez, M. L. (2017). Bioactive Components in Moringa Oleifera Leaves Protect against Chronic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel), 6(4). doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040091
Xiao, X., Wang, J., Meng, C., Liang, W., Wang, T., Zhou, B., Wang, Y., Luo, X., Gao, L., & Zhang, L. (2020). Moringa oleifera Lam and its Therapeutic Effects in Immune Disorders. Front Pharmacol, 11, 566783. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.566783
For individuals struggling with constipation, a common digestive issue, could performing abdominal self-massage help bring relief?
Abdominal Self Massage
Constipation refers to having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week. In addition to stress, certain lifestyle issues can lead to constipation, including not getting enough fiber, exercise, and proper hydration. Many also experience constipation while traveling. Abdominal self-massage involves gently massaging the stomach with your hands, either in a circular motion or with strokes, to improve digestion, relieve constipation, and reduce bloating. Performing self-massage on and around the abdomen can help ease constipation in several ways, such as stimulating the muscles, producing bowel movements, and soothing chronic stress. (Sinclair M. 2011)
Massage and Constipation
Abdominal massage can provide several benefits, including:
Stimulates and Improves Digestion
Massage stimulates the muscles and nerves that control digestion, promoting bowel movements and reducing constipation.
Reduces Bloating
Massaging the abdomen may help to reduce bloating and gas by gently moving fluids and gases through the digestive system.
In addition, it can help soften stool, speed up the movement of stool through the gut, and reduce the need to use laxatives. (University of Michigan Medicine, 2021)
Relieves Constipation
Abdominal massage can help with constipation by encouraging bowel movements.
Reduces Pain and Discomfort
Some find that abdominal massage helps to reduce pain and discomfort related to digestive issues.
Massage can help relax tense abdominal muscles and reduce pain associated with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Improved lymphatic drainage
Massage helps move lymphatic fluid, which carries waste products and toxins away from the abdominal area.
Research
Although massage isn’t a standard treatment for constipation, some research shows it may help restore regularity. A report reviewed several clinical trials focusing on abdominal massage and its use as a treatment for chronic constipation. The results showed that abdominal massage may provide relief by promoting peristalsis, a series of muscle contractions that help move food through the digestive tract. The report also found that massage may help lessen colonic transit time, which is when digested food passes through the colon or last segment of the digestive tract. The report determined that abdominal massage can help alleviate constipation-related pain and discomfort. (Sinclair M. 2011)
In clinical trials, individuals with constipation reported improved quality of life after abdominal self-massage. However, some research suggests that using abdominal massage for constipation relief will not decrease the use of laxatives, the most commonly used treatment. (Lämås K. et al., 2009)
How to Massage
Various massage techniques may help relieve constipation and promote bowel movements. These are typically performed while lying down.
One technique involves placing the palm on the abdomen and making small, circular, clockwise motions around your belly button.
Individuals can also widen these circles so that the massage covers their entire abdomen.
Another technique begins by placing your hand below your breastbone, then gliding that hand down the length of your abdomen in one smooth stroke.
Repeat the movement with the other hand and continue this cycle for a few minutes.
When practicing self-massage, use light and gentle pressure, then gradually increase the pressure.
If you experience pain or tenderness, lighten up and return to a comfortable pressure level.
Try performing massage twice daily, aiming for a 20-minute session. Incorporating deep breathing into each session may also help. Before trying a massage or any home remedy, it is recommended to discuss it with a healthcare provider to see if it’s appropriate and safe. Pregnant women, for example, should avoid any massage on their abdomen. Constipation can sometimes signal an underlying condition that requires medical treatment, such as an underactive thyroid. Other symptoms like abdominal pain may be present, but sometimes constipation may be the only symptom.
Other Remedies
Self-massage alone is unlikely to treat chronic constipation; the goal should be to improve overall digestion to keep the organs functioning properly. To maintain regularity, it’s essential to drink plenty of water daily, eat enough fiber-rich foods, and engage in physical activity. Other alternative treatments include therapies like:
Acupressure
Biofeedback
Probiotics
Before trying self-massage, consult a medical caregiver to ensure it is safe and correct for the individual. Abdominal massage may not help with painful bloating caused by disease, infection, or other reasons.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Massage Therapy Rehabilitation
References
Sinclair M. (2011). The use of abdominal massage to treat chronic constipation. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 15(4), 436–445. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.07.007
Lämås, K., Lindholm, L., Stenlund, H., Engström, B., & Jacobsson, C. (2009). Effects of abdominal massage in management of constipation–a randomized controlled trial. International journal of nursing studies, 46(6), 759–767. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.007
Individuals dealing with chronic pain following a minor injury, surgery, or trauma could be experiencing complex regional pain syndrome. What are the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments available?
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS), more commonly known as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), is a chronic pain condition where a person experiences severe, persistent pain in a limb, usually following an injury, that is significantly more profound than from the initial trauma. It is considered a neuroinflammatory disorder in which the body’s response to injury is dysregulated. The condition is characterized by severe burning pain, often in an arm or leg, that can occur following a minor injury, surgery, or trauma. It is associated with abnormal changes in skin temperature, swelling, and sensitivity to touch, usually affecting the affected area’s nerves, skin, muscles, blood vessels, and bones. Other names it is known by include:
Causalgia
Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Sudeck’s Atrophy
Causes
CRPS is a chronic pain condition believed to result from dysfunction in the central or peripheral nervous systems (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2017). It involves irritation and abnormal excitation of nervous tissue, leading to abnormal impulses along nerves that affect blood vessels and skin. Animal studies indicate that norepinephrine, a catecholamine released from sympathetic nerves, acquires the ability to activate pain pathways after tissue or nerve injury, resulting in CRPS. Another theory is that CRPS, which follows an injury, is caused by triggering an immune response and continuous inflammation symptoms (swelling, redness, warmth). (Goh E. L., Chidambaram S., & Ma, D. 2017) It is believed to have multiple causes producing similar symptoms.
Extreme sensitivity to touch, often causing significant disability in the affected limb.
Stiffness and swelling in affected joints
Skin color changes – blotchy, purple, pale, red.
Skin temperature changes – warmer or cooler than the opposing extremity.
Skin texture changes – shiny, thin, sweaty.
Changes in nail and hair growth patterns.
Pain can spread, for example, from the finger to the entire arm and the opposite extremity or from the left to the right arm.
Emotional stress can cause symptoms to worsen.
Some experts suggest three stages during which progressive changes occur in the affected area’s skin, muscles, joints, ligaments, and bones (Harvard Health Publishing, 2023). However, further research is needed.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Explore the connection between developmental disorders and learning disabilities and their impact on education and social skills.
Introduction To Developmental Disorders
When talking about disabilities, whether from health conditions or diseases, many healthcare professionals have to think about two languages crucial to the individual they are assessing. One is person-first language, and the other is identity language. In person-first language, it pertains to how a person places more importance on the individual and their uniqueness. This involves individuals young and old with ADHD or Down syndrome. This is compared to the identity-first language, which often highlights the disorder or disease more than the individual (e.g., autistic child). The goal that many healthcare professionals aim for when treating individuals with disabilities or developmental disorders is to use respectful terminology to reduce social stigma, prejudice, and discrimination.
Many young individuals have their cognitive and social skills evaluated when entering and progressing through school. These evaluations sometimes indicate that a young individual or children might need special assistance with either language or learning to interact with others. Evaluation and diagnosis are the first steps in providing many people with the tools and resources needed to function. However, there are also significant social implications regarding diagnosis and labeling. Many healthcare providers must consider that anyone, young or old, can be misdiagnosed. Once the person receives the diagnosis label, the individual and whoever is in the person’s life have to interpret the person’s actions through that label. For instance, if a child has been misdiagnosed as having a learning disability, it can influence the child’s self-concept. It may be due to difficulties in school that cause children to have trouble at their academic level. This self-fulfilling prophecy causes them to act this way, causing people to predict what will happen come true. Healthcare professionals must pay attention to the power of labels and apply them accurately when assessing patients.
It is also important to consider that people’s difficulties can change over time. An example would be a child who has problems in school that may improve later or grow up to be an adult where these problems are no longer relevant. That person, however, will still have a label for having a learning disability. Even though it is fairly common for children and young individuals to have abnormal behaviors, healthcare providers should recognize that the distinction between abnormal/atypical and normal/typical behavior is not always clear. When evaluating learning disabilities, misdiagnosis may be more of a concern.
When it comes to the diagnosis of developmental disabilities, it is required that a pediatrician, psychologist, psychiatrist, or other accredited professional should assess a child for a developmental disability, as there are many factors to consider. Many common behaviors in children, like temper tantrums, being overly active, being shy, etc., might be misinterpreted as a behavioral disorder like ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Therefore, trained professionals use multiple assessments or questionnaires completed by the parent(s) and teacher(s) in conjunction with in-person observations and case history before diagnosing.
Autism Spectrum Disorders
As a common developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can affect various areas of development, such as communication and behavior, in many individuals. The spectrum is wide and varies from person to person. In the United States, it is estimated that about 1 out of every 36 children or individuals has been diagnosed with autism, covering a wide variety of abilities and symptom expression between high and low functioning. ASD is characterized by age-inappropriate, impaired social communication and may have a complex interaction between genetics, epigenetic, and environmental factors associated with cerebral dysfunction. (Mukherjee, 2017) When it comes to social skills and communication, ASD can impact a person’s language skills as it can become difficult. A person within the autism spectrum may respond to a question by repeating the question, may not respond appropriately, or may not communicate in response at all. Some symptoms for an individual within the autism spectrum may be sensitivity to touch, sound, or visual stimulation. Individuals with autism often view the world differently and learn in unique ways while preferring routines and can become upset when routines are altered. For example, moving furniture or changing the daily schedule can be very upsetting.
There is no single known cause of autism, though research has indicated a possible genetic link. This could be due to the intricate neurobiological mechanisms that correlate with the immune system and neuroinflammation, causing atypical functional connectivity and neurotransmitter alterations. (Rajabi et al., 2024) Luckily, there are holistic approaches to reducing autism symptoms to help improve a person’s quality of life within the spectrum.
Holistic Treatments For Individuals Within The Autism Spectrum
When it comes to holistic treatment approaches for individuals with autism, they can vary for the individual while not affecting their sensory issues. Physical activities and motor skill training can help their mobility and improve movement performance. (Shahane et al., 2024) Additionally, individuals within the autism spectrum could be dealing with abnormal sensitivity and gastrointestinal difficulties that can cause numerous pain-like symptoms in the body. Incorporating and allowing autistic individuals to try out anti-inflammatory foods and prebiotics can help improve the symptoms associated with ASD while reducing the inflammatory effects on their bodies. (Sivamaruthi et al., 2020)
What Are Learning Disabilities?
When a person, both young and old, has an intellectual disability or an intellectual development disability, they could have significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning. This, in turn, generally results in an IQ (intelligence quotient) under 70, which is two standards below the median. This causes deficits within two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday general living, causing them to learn slowly in all areas of learning. This is known as learning disabilities.
A learning disability (LD) is a specific impairment of academic learning that interferes with a particular aspect of schoolwork and significantly reduces a person’s educational performance. It can be shown as a major discrepancy between a person’s ability and some achievement features, causing them to be delayed in various academic areas. Many people often confuse the difference between a learning problem and a learning disability, as a learning problem stems from physical, sensory, or motor handicaps or generalized intellectual impairment.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia, one of the most prevalent learning impairments, is characterized by difficulties with reading; fundamentally, many dyslexics struggle to learn how to decode and spell words and to be fluent via phonological representation. In 2020, Snowling et al. This is due to a number of anatomical alterations in the brain that impair the brain’s capacity to integrate data from various RSNs (resting state networks), hence decreasing its neuroplasticity. (Munzer and others, 2020) Reading experts are used in several therapies to assist address the patient’s troublesome regions.
Dysgraphia
One writing impairment that is often linked to dyslexia is dysgraphia. The word is often used to refer to all abnormalities of written language. Phonological dysgraphia and orthographic dysgraphia are the two forms of dysgraphia. When someone has phonological dysgraphia, they are unable to write words using their phonemes. Conversely, those with orthographic dysgraphia are able to spell words that are spelled consistently but not sporadically. When writing with a pen or pencil, some people with dysgraphia may have problems controlling their movements and producing letters.
Dyscalculia
A kind of math-related handicap known as dyscalculia is characterized by challenges with learning math-related concepts (including amount, place value, and time), remembering math-related information, and comprehending how problems are structured on paper. This, in turn, leads to a lot of people in school having bad experiences and consistently failing at math assignments, which breeds failure anxiety and lowers self-esteem. In 2019, Haberstroh and Schulte-Korne When working with numbers, this leads to problems with working memory. The smaller and less active parietal lobes may be the cause of this, which would explain the unusual patterns of mathematical cognitive performance. Dowker (2024)
Optimizing Your Wellness-Video
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A person with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) struggles with both cognitive and physical skills. Smaller brain structures may lead to patterns of impulsive, hyperactive, and inattentive behavior, which can alter neurotransmitters and disrupt regular brain function. (The Brain and ADHD, 2017)
The following are some indications of inattention:
Task difficulty and avoidance
Not heeding directions
Organizing poorly
Being easily distracted and not paying enough attention to details
Ignorance.
Excessive movements are a hallmark of hyperactivity in ADHD, including:
Uneasy
Having difficulties staying still
When not acceptable, running and climbing on objects
blurring out answers
Waiting problems
disturbing and encroaching on other people’s space.
Adults or children who are energetic often come across as noisy. They have social and intellectual difficulties as a result of this throughout their lives. Those with ADHD are more likely to get bad grades, perform poorly on standardized tests, be expelled more often, and drop out of school during the academic year than their peers without ADHD.
Causes of ADHD
Numerous twin and family studies suggest that heredity is a major factor in the development of ADHD. According to several studies, gender, exposure to environmental variables, and the diagnosis of an ADHD subtype may all function as modifiers of the development of ADHD. (Gizer and others, 2009) The modulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine is believed to be one of the particular genes implicated in ADHD. Brain imaging studies have shown anomalies in the frontal lobes, a part of the brain where dopamine is abundant, in people with ADHD. When undertaking mental activities, those with ADHD will have decreased frontal brain activity since the frontal lobe regulates behavior. Thus, part of the hyperactive, uncontrollable behavior associated with ADHD may be explained by anomalies in this area.
It has been suggested that some environmental elements, such as sugar and artificial coloring, might make people more hyperactive. For this reason, many individuals choose to cut them in order to lessen the symptoms of ADHD. However, a number of research have compared the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on the development of severe ADHD symptoms in the fetus. (Linnet and others, 2003)
ADHD Treatment
The most popular therapy for ADHD is stimulant medication, while non-surgical therapies and lifestyle modifications may also help lessen symptoms. Although many people believe that using stimulant medicine is contradictory, it may assist persons with ADHD concentrate by activating the undeveloped prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain. Consequently, this aids in managing the adverse impacts of ADHD.
Cognitive and motor functions may be enhanced by physical exercise and non-pharmaceutical therapies. Jansen & Ziereis (2015) Simultaneously, cognitive behavioral therapy is a popular non-surgical treatment that may assist individuals in being conscious of their thinking patterns and changing them from negative to positive. As part of their treatment approach, many medical experts might combine CBT with medication. It is most advantageous because the drug facilitates behavior change more rapidly, which speeds up the learning process for long-term behavioral changes via cognitive behavioral therapy. People with developmental disorders and learning impairments may have a personalized treatment plan to enhance their quality of life on their path toward health and wellness by implementing minor adjustments and employing a variety of therapy choices.
Injury Medical & Functional Medicine Clinic
We associate with certified medical providers who understand the importance of the various effects of developmental disorders and learning disabilities affecting the body. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to implement small changes to their daily routine to reduce the symptoms affecting their bodies. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
Dowker, A. (2024). Developmental Dyscalculia in Relation to Individual Differences in Mathematical Abilities. Children (Basel), 11(6). doi.org/10.3390/children11060623
Gizer, I. R., Ficks, C., & Waldman, I. D. (2009). Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Hum Genet, 126(1), 51-90. doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x
Haberstroh, S., & Schulte-Korne, G. (2019). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyscalculia. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 116(7), 107-114. doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0107
Linnet, K. M., Dalsgaard, S., Obel, C., Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T. B., Rodriguez, A., Kotimaa, A., Moilanen, I., Thomsen, P. H., Olsen, J., & Jarvelin, M. R. (2003). Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence. Am J Psychiatry, 160(6), 1028-1040. doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1028
Mukherjee, S. B. (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorders – Diagnosis and Management. Indian J Pediatr, 84(4), 307-314. doi.org/10.1007/s12098-016-2272-2
Munzer, T., Hussain, K., & Soares, N. (2020). Dyslexia: neurobiology, clinical features, evaluation and management. Transl Pediatr, 9(Suppl 1), S36-S45. doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.09.07
Rajabi, P., Noori, A. S., & Sargolzaei, J. (2024). Autism spectrum disorder and various mechanisms behind it. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 245, 173887. doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173887
Shahane, V., Kilyk, A., & Srinivasan, S. M. (2024). Effects of physical activity and exercise-based interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Autism, 28(2), 276-300. doi.org/10.1177/13623613231169058
Sivamaruthi, B. S., Suganthy, N., Kesika, P., & Chaiyasut, C. (2020). The Role of Microbiome, Dietary Supplements, and Probiotics in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(8). doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082647
Snowling, M. J., Hulme, C., & Nation, K. (2020). Defining and understanding dyslexia: past, present and future. Oxf Rev Educ, 46(4), 501-513. doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2020.1765756
Ziereis, S., & Jansen, P. (2015). Effects of physical activity on executive function and motor performance in children with ADHD. Res Dev Disabil, 38, 181-191. doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.005
For individuals dealing with posture problems causing neck, back, and shoulder pain, can pectoralis minor stretches designed to work these areas be a part of physical therapy or as regular exercises at home?
Pectoralis Minor Muscle Stretches
The pectoralis minor is a small, triangular muscle situated deep to the pectoralis major in the anterior chest wall. It originates from the margins of the third to fifth ribs adjacent to the costochondral junction and connects to the coracoid process of the scapula. The pectoralis minor helps with posture, mobility, and shoulder stability and aids breathing. Muscle tightness can cause pain in the chest, shoulder, and neck and a restricted range of motion. Strain and injuries can occur during activities involving overhead movements or forceful pushing. Pectoralis minor stretches are designed to work these muscles that span the ribs and connect to the shoulder to help improve posture and relieve pain and chest weakness. They can help reduce muscle tightness and other conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome. (Kaur U. et al., 2023) (Wagner E. R. et al., 2023) Talk with a healthcare provider Before starting any exercise or stretching program.
Corner Pectoralis Stretch
A corner pec stretch is similar to a wall push-up, except the emphasis is on staying in a position that lengthens the chest muscles. It’s important to move the whole body as a unit and not bend.
Stand facing a corner with a relaxed, upright posture.
Place your feet so they are parallel, and bend your knees slightly.
Stay as relaxed as possible during the movement to protect your joints.
Keep your gaze forward.
Place your forearms and palms over the walls where two walls connect at a right angle.
With your elbows bent to 90 degrees, move forward into the corner of the wall until you feel a comfortable stretch in the pectorals.
The doorway stretch is similar to the corner stretch. It works the pectoralis major and the minor muscles and helps with mobility. To perform: (Maryland Pain & Wellness Center, 2025)
Stand in a doorway with your feet placed together.
Place the palms and forearms on either side of the doorway.
Your elbows should be even with your shoulders and bend at a 90-degree angle.
Keep your back straight.
Take a step forward, leaning into the doorway.
You should feel the stretch in the muscle.
Repeat the stretch with the other foot.
Exercise and ergonomic changes to your chair or desk height can help improve posture and relieve muscle tightness. (Kaur U. et al., 2023)
T Stretch
The T stretch stretches the front of the chest and is done on the floor, typically with a foam roller placed directly under the spine. To perform: (OrthoCarolina, N.D.)
Lie down on your back with the foam roller aligned to the spine.
Make sure your head and tailbone are supported.
Open your arms straight out like a T.
Hold the position while stretching.
Y Stretch
The Y stretch is similar to the T stretch; both reduce chest muscle tightness and discomfort. To perform: (OrthoCarolina, N.D.)
Use the same foam roll position, lying on your back with the head and tailbone supported and aligned.
Stretch the arms out above your head, placing them into the shape of a Y.
Allow the chest muscles that connect to the arms to relax.
Studies have examined how quickly a prone scapular retraction can help stretch the back and shoulders. Results suggest the exercises must be performed longer before the pectoralis minor is lengthened to improve symptoms. (Dye J., Allyn M., & Frank C. 2024) However, further research is needed.
Health Conditions
Pectoralis minor stretches may be part of a personalized therapy program to improve mobility, posture, and/or breathing and sleep quality with health conditions that include:
Stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve their flexibility and function. Exercises can improve strength and function by standing or lying down, depending on the stretch.
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic
The pectoralis minor muscles are often overlooked in clinical examinations but can contribute to musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. A healthcare provider can teach about stretches, how they can help, and whether they are safe for the individual’s injury and/or condition. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. The clinic can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.
Doorway Stretching Routine
References
Kaur, U., Shrestha, D., Hussain, M. A., Dalal, P., Kalita, M., Sharma, V., & Sharma, S. (2023). Prompt Impact of Muscle Energy Technique on Pectoralis Muscle Tightness in Computer Users: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(2), 123–128. doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2023.13.2.123
Wagner, E. R., Gottschalk, M. B., Ahmed, A. S., Graf, A. R., & Karzon, A. L. (2023). Novel Diagnostic and Treatment Techniques for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery, 27(2), 100–114. doi.org/10.1097/BTH.0000000000000419
Dye, J., Allyn, M., & Frank, C. (2024). Is there an immediate effect on pectoralis minor length after performing a prone scapular retraction exercise using typical sets and repetitions in pain-free participants? Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 40, 1014–1019. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.07.026
Chankavee, N., Amatachaya, S., Hunsawong, T., Thaweewannakij, T., & Mato, L. (2023). Effects of modified long stick exercise on hyperkyphosis, muscle imbalance, and balance control in elderly community-dwelling women with hyperkyphosis. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 36(5), 1151–1162. doi.org/10.3233/BMR-220350
Liao, Y. X., Saiken, A., Chang, X., Guo, Y. F., Tan, Z., Deng, F., Meng, Q. L., Zhen, H., Li, Y. M., & Fang, B. M. (2025). Associations of fat, bone, and muscle indices with disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 29(1), 82. doi.org/10.1007/s11325-024-03241-8
Thongchote, K., Chinwaro, U., & Lapmanee, S. (2024). Effects of scapulothoracic exercises on chest mobility, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary function in male COPD patients with forward shoulder posture: A randomized controlled trial. F1000Research, 11, 1284. doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126832.2
Are there benefits to back cracking, risks, and how can it be done safely?
Back Cracking
Back cracking is intentionally applying pressure or twisting movements, producing a popping or cracking sound in the spine. Back cracking involves stretching or extending the spine. In most cases, it is considered safe when done gently as it can provide temporary relief from back pain and stiffness by:
Stretching the ligaments and muscles around the spine
Releasing gas bubbles that may be causing pressure
Improving joint mobility
Mechanism of Action
Cracking your back creates small gas bubbles in the synovial fluid (the lubricating fluid in the joints).
These bubbles form when the pressure in the joints is suddenly released, causing a popping or cracking sound.
It is generally safe, but there are certain conditions under which individuals should avoid cracking their backs.
Popping Sound
Research has used a new type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cine MRI, to study the noise source. Cine MRI produces moving images.
This study using this MRI found that the formation of bubbles makes a popping sound.
The popping sound does not come from the popping of bubbles in the synovial fluid, as previously believed. (Kawchuk G. N. et al., 2015)
When someone cracks their back, the force pulls the bones of the joint apart, causing the pressure within the joint to drop and form a bubble, which eventually dissipates. (Kawchuk G. N. et al., 2015)
Crepitus
Crepitus is the medical term for cracking or popping noise from joints.
It is not a condition or disease but can be a symptom of one.
Other terms include clicking or crunching.
Is It Safe To Perform Daily?
Back cracking once a day is generally considered safe. But if it causes pain or swelling, then stop and contact a healthcare provider. If someone feels the need to crack their back more throughout the day, it could be a sign that they need to see a professional chiropractic healthcare provider. (AICA Orthopedics, 2022) Individuals may crack their backs to address certain conditions or to relieve various discomfort symptoms that can include: (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2025)
Headache
Neck pain
Lower back pain
Sciatica
Individuals may often experience mild side effects like headache, stiffness, or pain. These side effects tend to resolve within a day. Though back cracking can provide temporary relief for some conditions, some serious side effects like neurological problems or strokes have been reported. (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2025)
Rotate the upper body to the right side and press against the right knee with the left elbow.
Hold the stretch for 30 seconds and come back to the center.
Repeat on the other side.
Knee to Chest
Lie flat on the ground.
Lift one leg and bring the knee to the chest, pulling the knee in with your hands.
Hold for five seconds.
Repeat with the other leg.
Several back-cracking assistive devices, such as poles and wheels, are available. Talk to a healthcare provider to determine the right type and ensure it is safe for you and your condition or injury.
Individuals Who Should Avoid Back Cracking
Back cracking can cause additional stress or damage to the joints in those with back injuries or other conditions. Individuals with these conditions should avoid back cracking (AICA Orthopedics, 2022)
Numbness or tingling of the arms or legs.
Osteoporosis
Spinal cancer
Spinal abnormalities
Individuals who have a high stroke risk.
A Professional Back Adjustment
A chiropractor is a healthcare provider who specializes in spine and spinal adjustments. They adjust the spine and other areas of the body to correct misalignment problems, reduce and relieve pain, and allow the body to recover independently. (National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus, 2023) The chiropractor will take a health history to learn about previous injuries and conditions. Then, they will evaluate the patient and determine the best course of action. Although a chiropractor performs spinal adjustments, they may also incorporate other treatments, including: (National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus, 2023)
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Chiropractic Secrets
References
Kawchuk, G. N., Fryer, J., Jaremko, J. L., Zeng, H., Rowe, L., & Thompson, R. (2015). Real-time visualization of joint cavitation. PloS one, 10(4), e0119470. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119470
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