Truide Torres recibi� atenci�n quiropr�ctica con la Dra. Alex Jim�nez debido al dolor que experiment� a lo largo de su espalda baja, caderas y piernas. Ella fue diagnosticada con dolor en el nervio ci�tico, com�nmente conocida como ci�tica. La ci�tica puede ocurrir cuando los discos intervertebrales, que se encuentran a lo largo de la columna vertebral, comprimen o afectan el nervio ci�tico en la parte inferior de la espalda. Truide Torres experiment� un alivio tremendo de sus s�ntomas una vez que recibi� atenci�n quiropr�ctica con la Dra. Alex Jimenez y pudo regresar a sus actividades cotidianas. Truide Torres recomienda altamente la atenci�n quiropr�ctica para el dolor del nervio ci�tico.
Tratamiento de Ci�tica
Los doctores en Quiropr�ctica (DC) regularmente tratan la ci�tica. La ci�tica se caracteriza por un dolor que se origina en la parte inferior de la espalda o las nalgas, que se desplaza hacia una o ambas piernas. El dolor del nervio ci�tico var�a en intensidad y frecuencia. La ci�tica generalmente es provocada por la compresi�n del nervio ci�tico. Los trastornos conocidos por causar ci�tica incluyen subluxaciones de la columna lumbar (cuerpos vertebrales desalineados), discos herniados o abultados (discos deslizados), embarazo y parto, tumores y dolencias no espinales como diabetes, estre�imiento o estar sentado en el bolsillo trasero. El dolor a menudo es sordo, doloroso, agudo, como un diente, alfileres y agujas o similar a las descargas el�ctricas. Otros s�ntomas relacionados con la ci�tica incluyen sensaci�n de ardor, entumecimiento y hormigueo.tor.
Tenemos la bendici�n de presentarle la Cl�nica Premier de bienestar y lesiones de El Paso.
Como Cl�nica de Rehabilitaci�n Quiropr�ctica y Centro de Medicina Integrada de El Paso, nos enfocamos apasionadamente en tratar pacientes despu�s de lesiones frustrantes y s�ndromes de dolor cr�nico. Nos enfocamos en mejorar su capacidad a trav�s de programas de flexibilidad, movilidad y agilidad dise�ados para todos los grupos de edad y discapacidades.
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Chiropractor 79936: Truide Torres, office manager at Injury Medical Clinic, discusses several common questions regarding what type of insurance Dr. Alex Jimenez’s chiropractic care office accepts, what is the process that the staff must go through when patients are involved in an automobile accident or a work accident. Finally, Truide Torres describes what is the best route to take if the patient’s personal insurance is able to cover the damages and injuries to the individual. Truide Torres encourages patients to contact Dr. Alex Jimenez’s chiropractic office to discuss any matter involving their insurance and she recommends Dr. Jimenez as the non-surgical choice for neck and back pain..
Chiropractor 79936
It is important to comprehend the expenses involved in chiropractic care, exactly what your insurance policy covers, and also what your fiscal responsibilities may be. Insurance coverage for chiropractic care may depend on a variety of factors. Most plans cover the cost of chiropractic care for severe (short-term) conditions. But many patients frequently have a co-pay in the time of the visit. When longer-term care is required for conditions that are chronic, severe, or occur together with another health problem, make sure you talk to your insurance company to find out your benefits. Overall prices for patients receiving treatment for back pain have been reported lower for people who receive treatment from a chiropractor.
We are blessed to present to you�El Paso�s Premier Wellness & Injury Care Clinic.
As El Paso�s Chiropractic Rehabilitation Clinic & Integrated Medicine Center,�we passionately are focused treating patients after frustrating injuries and chronic pain syndromes. We focus on improving your ability through flexibility, mobility and agility programs tailored for all age groups and disabilities.
If you have enjoyed this video and/or we have helped you in any way please feel free to subscribe and share us.
Doctor of Chiropractic Near Me: Mike Melgoza is an active individual who engages in a variety of strenuous physical activities on a regular basis, as a result, however, he began to experience chronic pain symptoms due to improper technique and repetitive movements. Although Mike Melgoza works out of town, he visits Dr. Alex Jimenez every time he begins to experience pain to receive chiropractic care. Mike Melgoza recommends Dr. Alex Jimenez as the non-surgical choice for chronic pain. Mike Melgoza trusts Dr. Jimenez to care for his health.
Doctor Of Chiropractic Near Me
Before you go to a chiropractor to deal with your chronic pain symptoms, it’s important to understand what exactly is causing your pain. Your physician will perform a physical exam as well as some tests to help them diagnose the source of the patient’s pain. As soon as you’re diagnosed with a pain illness, your chiropractor will create a treatment program. Your treatment plan may include spinal manipulation, manual therapies, and therapeutic exercises. Work with your chiropractor to develop a treatment plan. Once your pain is fully addressed, you should be able to slowly resume daily activities.
We are blessed to present to you�El Paso�s Premier Wellness & Injury Care Clinic.
As El Paso�s Chiropractic Rehabilitation Clinic & Integrated Medicine Center,�we passionately are focused treating patients after frustrating injuries and chronic pain syndromes. We focus on improving your ability through flexibility, mobility and agility programs tailored for all age groups and disabilities.
If you have enjoyed this video and/or we have helped you in any way please feel free to subscribe and share us.
Chiropractor Near Me: Due to his previous back injury history, George Lara suffered a recent back injury which he was unfortunately unable to recover from through traditional treatment. That’s when the VA recommended him to seek chiropractic care with Dr. Alex Jimenez, ultimately changing his quality of life. George Lara had degenerative disc disease, or DDD, and sciatic nerve pain before receiving treatment with Dr. Alex Jimenez. George Lara describes how much his life has improved with chiropractic care and he’s grateful of the services and care he received. George Lara recommends Dr. Alex Jimenez as the non-surgical choice for back pain, among other spine health issues.
Chiropractor Near Me
Chiropractic care is a means to diagnose and treat health problems that affect the nerves, muscles, bones, and joints of the body. A healthcare provider who supplies chiropractic care is known as a chiropractor. Adjustment of the spine, known as manipulation, is the basis of care. Chiropractors also use other kinds of treatments. Your physician will ask about your goals for your health history and therapy. It’s important to inform your physician about any physical problems you may have which make it difficult for you to do particular things.
We are blessed to present to you�El Paso�s Premier Wellness & Injury Care Clinic.
As El Paso�s Chiropractic Rehabilitation Clinic & Integrated Medicine Center,�we passionately are focused treating patients after frustrating injuries and chronic pain syndromes. We focus on improving your ability through flexibility, mobility and agility programs tailored for all age groups and disabilities.
If you have enjoyed this video and/or we have helped you in any way please feel free to subscribe and share us.
Getting a good night�s sleep is absolutely integral to good spinal health. Sometimes, though that isn�t possible. According to the National Sleep Foundation, 92 percent of people believe that a�comfortable mattress is important for good, restful sleep. A bad mattress, or one that is old, or one that is simply wrong for your body can contribute to sleep deprivation, lower back pain, headaches, stiff neck, and anxiety and depression. With so much at stake, it�s easy to see just how important it is to select a good mattress.
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Ask About How The Mattress Is Made
Learn about the construction� and what the different components mean for your comfort. Different mattresses have different coils and they are arranged differently. The padding can vary in thickness. The depth can range from 7 inches to 18 inches on the average. Understanding the various components can make it easier for you to find the one that is right for you.
Look For Comfort, As Well As, Support
A good mattress is comfortable and has good support. Support is good but if you don�t have comfort then it won�t be effective.
If it is too firm (too much support) it will cause pain on your body�s pressure points. You want your hips and shoulders to slightly sink into the mattress. However, if you prefer a mattress that is firmer to support your back, you can get one with padding on top.
Don�t Let Price Be The Determining Factor
You naturally want to get the most for your dollar, but remember that you get what you pay for. A cheap mattress can translate to a poor quality one.
Look for quality and value rather than price. If money is an issue, do some comparison shopping to find the mattress you want for the best price.
Sales are another way to save money on a purchase, but look out for advertising gimmicks. Know the meaning of the terms that are used and know what you are looking for before you go for that so-called great deal.
Educate Yourself On The Different Mattress Types
Do you want a memory foam or would latex work better for you? What exactly is an innerspring mattress? Are adjustable beds really all they are cracked up to be? Do some research and brush up on the different�types of mattresses�so that you can approach your shopping trip with confidence and as an educated consumer. It will definitely work in your favor.
In The End, It�s All About Personal Preference
There is no mattress that is a one size (or type) fits all. Different people will respond differently to mattresses. The best thing to do is try them out. Spend at least 20 minutes laying down before you make the decision to purchase or not.
Finally, if you find that your�quality of sleep�has recently gotten worse, that you are tossing and turning or wake up with pain in your back, neck, or head, it could be time to change your mattress � or pillow. If you can see your mattress sagging, that could be another indication that it is time to get a new one.
Mattresses are designed to withstand a certain degree of wear and tear, but they don�t last forever. The quality, the weight and other factors contribute to how quickly it wears out. So if you notice any of the warning signs it may be time to get a new mattress so that you can get back to peaceful, restful sleep.
Injury Medical Clinic: Back Pain Care & Treatments
You try to do all the right things when it comes to taking care of your spine. You lift the right way, exercise, practice good posture, stretch, drink plenty of water, and take frequent breaks to walk around if you are seated for an extended period of time. Those are all excellent habits to keep, but there is something else that you should be doing � and it is one of the most overlooked and undervalued health practices. Rest!
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Running On Empty: The Silent Epidemic
Stress can do severe damage to your emotional and mental health, but it can also hurt your body as well. Many people carry stress in their lower backs which means that when stress goes up it can result in lower back pain. It can also make you more sensitive to pain.
It is estimated that 66 percent of all doctor visits have a stress related component. What�s more, 50 percent of people who suffer from stress rate it as moderate to high. We live in a culture that makes it commonplace to run on empty. The problem with that is sooner or later you are going to crash and your body will bear the brunt.
Rest is important for helping you alleviate and manage stress, but recent studies show that 1 in 3 adults don�t get enough sleep. There is another reason to get your seven to nine hours in, though, that is directly related to spinal health.
What Rest Can Do For Your Spinal Health
When you rest you give your body time to replenish depleted stores of energy. Adequate sleep improves your immune function, memory, metabolism, learning, and healing. You will be more alert, happier, and have more energy. It is also very beneficial is you are trying to lose weight.
Excess weight can put pressure on your spine and cause it to curve, causing back pain. This is especially true if you carry your weight in your abdomen. That extra weight in the front pulls your spine into a sway back curve making it painful to stand for long periods of time.
When you lay down and rest you allow your entire spine, associated muscles, and other parts of your body to rejuvenate and relax. You probably don�t realize it, but your muscles in your back and abdomen work all day to keep your body properly supported. Even when sitting there are muscles engaged. Laying down allows all of those muscles to finally relax.
Rest also allows your spinal discs to rehydrate. The spine is made up of fluid filled discs that sit between the vertebrae, acting as a cushion. As you go about your day, thanks to gravity, your discs become compressed. This compression causes the disc to lose fluid (which is about 88 percent water). This can cause pain if the discs are not properly rehydrated � and that is a two-step process of drinking adequate water and getting enough rest.
Drinking water will put the fluids into your body, but as long as you are upright, the compression will continue. Laying down to go to sleep takes that pressure off of your spine so there is no compression and the body can naturally rehydrate the discs. A few hours here and there is not really effective because it does not give the body enough time to do its job. This means that you need to get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep each night.
Along with all the other great, healthy reasons to get a good night�s sleep, you not have one more to add to the list. A healthy spine will keep you standing tall and help keep you mobile, It is important to do all you can to take care of it.
Injury Medical Clinic: Neck Pain Care & Treatments
Many supermarkets have started offering their shoppers a choice in produce: organic or conventionally farmed. This can leave many wondering just what the difference is.
The truth is, both foods taste the same � or very close. Both have the same vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, so what is the big difference?
It comes down to two major areas: safety and nutrition. That is what consumers need to understand when they are trying to make a decision on whether to purchase foods that have been conventionally farmed, or foods that are natural.
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What Is �Organic�?
This is a misused word but the true meaning is that the term refers to how food is grown and processed. Organic farming is intended to encourage water and soil conservation as well as reduce pollution.
This type of farming does not use chemicals for controlling weeds, eliminating insects, or fertilizing. Most of the methods are completely natural. For instance, a farmer may use natural fertilizers to enrich the soil, strategically placed plants to control insects, and mulch or crop rotation to control weeds.
Organic Vs. Conventional Foods
Conventionally farmed products will often use chemicals for insect control and weed control. They often use some type of processing on their foods.
The fertilizer used in planting often has chemicals. The foods may even be genetically modified. Animals may be injected with steroids and hormones which can cause unpleasant or even harmful side effects.
These types of foods do not use any chemicals, they are not genetically modified, and they are not injected with antibiotics or steroids. The food has been very minimally processed � if at all.
There are no additives that don�t belong and could be potentially harmful. These foods are safer for human consumption and they are typically more nutritious.
How To Identify Organic Foods
In the United States, a food or product that is labeled as organic is required to be certified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA has a certification program for natural growers and it has a set of very stringent standards that the product or food must meet.
There are some exemptions. For instance, a producer who does not sell more than $5,000 annually just in organic foods is not required to get the certification although they do have to adhere to the USDA�s stringent requirements for organic foods.
When a food carries the USDA Organic label, it means that it meets the requirements. While natural producers are not required to put the label on their products, many do.
The labeling varies, depending on the type of food. Single ingredient foods like eggs, vegetables, and fruits are considered to be 100 percent natural and are allowed to carry the USDA seal.
Foods that contain two or more ingredients, like breakfast cereal, are still allowed to use the USDA seal, but also must include the following information:
Organic � The product must be 95 percent organic or greater in order to be able to use this term
100 percent organic � The product must be completely organic or all of its ingredients must be natural
Made with organic ingredients � The product contains no less than 70 percent natural ingredients
If the product has less than 70 percent natural ingredients, they are not allowed to use the word �organic� anywhere on their product labels.
Health Benefits Of Natural Foods
The greatest health benefit of natural foods is what it does not provide. Organic growers do not use synthetic pesticides to protect their crops from disease, insects, and molds. This means that the food itself has never been touched by these chemicals.
Natural foods also do not have the food additives that conventional foods often do. They are free from artificial sweeteners, flavorings, and colorings as well as preservatives and monosodium glutamate. This means eating natural means that you aren�t putting those chemicals into your body. Plus, many people say that organic foods simply taste better.
If you have further questions or concerns about your particular diet, please ask us! Our Doctor of Chiropractic can help guide you toward a more healthy life, including the foods you consume.
Injury Medical Clinic: Accident Treatment & Recovery
Cerebrovascular disease is a designated group of conditions that can lead to cerebrovascular event/s, i.e. stroke. These events affect the blood supply and vessels to the brain. With a�blockage, malformation, or hemorrhage�happens,�this�prevents brain cells from getting enough oxygen, which can cause brain damage. Cerebrovascular diseases can develop in different ways. These include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and atherosclerosis.
Types of cerebrovascular disease: Stroke, transient ischemic attack, aneurysms, and vascular malformations
In the U.S. cerebrovascular disease is the fifth most common cause of death.
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Cerebrovascular Disorders
The Brain
Makes up ~2% of the body weight
Accounts for ~10% of the body�s oxygen use
Accounts for ~20% of the body�s glucose use
Receives ~20% of the cardiac output
Per minute, requires ~50-80cc of blood per 100g of grey matter brain tissue and ~17-40cc of blood per 100g of white matter
Bilateral or unilateral sensory and motor deficits
Syncope
Weakness in the distribution of a motor cranial nerve one side of the head with a contralateral hemiparesis (medial brainstem damage)
Damage to a sensory cranial nerve & Horner�s syndrome on one side of the head and loss of contralateral pain and temperature sensation in the body (lateral brainstem damage)
Long-Term Symptoms Depend On Area Affected
Monocular visual obscuration (amaurosis fugax) that is due to retinal ischemia
Rehab needs depend upon the area of brain tissue that was affected by the stroke
Speech therapy
Restriction of functioning limbs
Balance and gait exercises
Encourages neuroplastic restructuring
Symptoms may improve within the first 5 days due to reduction in edema
Edema may cause herniation through the foramen magnum which can cause brainstem compression and death � patients with this problem may require craniectomy (last resort)
Sources
Alexander G. Reeves, A. & Swenson, R. Disorders of the Nervous System. Dartmouth, 2004.
Swenson, R. Cerebrovascular Disorders. 2010
Doctors define chronic pain, as any pain that lasts for 3 to 6 months or more. The pain effects an individual’s mental health and day to day life. Pain comes from a series of messages that run through the nervous system. Depression seems to follow pain. It causes severe symptoms that affect how an individual feels, thinks, and how the handle daily activities, i.e. sleeping, eating and working. Chiropractor, Dr. Alex Jimenez delves into potential biomarkers that can help in finding and treating the root causes of pain and chronic pain.
The first step in successful pain management is a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment.
The extent of organic pathology may not be accurately reflected in the pain experience.
The initial assessment can be used to identify areas that require more in-depth evaluation.
Many validated self-report tools are available to assess the impact of chronic pain.
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Assessment Of Patients With Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is a public health concern affecting 20�30% of the population of Western countries. Although there have been many scientific advances in the understanding of the neurophysiology of pain, precisely assessing and diagnosing a patient’s chronic pain problem is not straightforward or well-defined. How chronic pain is conceptualized influences how pain is evaluated and the factors considered when making a chronic pain diagnosis. There is no one-to-one relationship between the amount or type of organic pathology and pain intensity, but instead, the chronic pain experience is shaped by a myriad of biomedical, psychosocial (e.g. patients’ beliefs, expectations, and mood), and behavioral factors (e.g. context, responses by significant others). Assessing each of these three domains through a comprehensive evaluation of the person with chronic pain is essential for treatment decisions and to facilitate optimal outcomes. This evaluation should include a thorough patient history and medical evaluation and a brief screening interview where the patient’s behavior can be observed. Further assessment to address questions identified during the initial evaluation will guide decisions as to what additional assessments, if any, may be appropriate. Standardized self-reported instruments to evaluate the patient’s pain intensity, functional abilities, beliefs and expectations, and emotional distress are available, and can be administered by the physician, or a referral for in depth evaluation can be made to assist in treatment planning.
Pain is an extremely prevalent symptom. Chronic pain alone is estimated to affect 30% of the adult population of the USA, upwards of 100 million adults.1
Despite the soaring cost of treating people with chronic pain, relief for many remains elusive and complete elimination of pain is rare. Although there have been substantial advances in the knowledge of the neurophysiology of pain, along with the development of potent analgesic medications and other innovative medical and surgical interventions, on average the amount of pain reduction by available procedures is 30�40% and this occurs in fewer than one-half of treated patients.
The way we think about pain influences the way in which we go evaluate pain. Assessment begins with history and physical examination, followed, by laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging procedures in an attempt to identify and/or confirm the presence of any underlying pathology causing the symptom/s or the pain generator.
In the absence of identifiable organic pathology, the healthcare provider may assume that the report of symptoms stems from psychological factors and may request a psychological evaluation to detect the emotional factors underlying the patient’s report. There is duality where the report of symptoms are attributed to either somatic or psychogenic mechanisms.
As an example, the organic bases for some of the most common and recurring acute (e.g. headache)3 and chronic [e.g. back pain, fibromyalgia (FM)] pain problems are largely unknown,4,5 while on the other hand, asymptomatic individuals may have structural abnormalities such as herniated discs that would explain pain if it were present.6,7�There is a lacking in adequate explanations for patients with no identified organic pathology who report severe pain and pain-free individuals with significant, objective pathology.
Chronic pain affects more than just the individual patient, but also his or her significant others (partners, relatives, employers and co-workers and friends), making appropriate treatment essential. Satisfactory treatment can only come from comprehensive assessment of the biological aetiology of the pain in conjunction with the patient’s specific psychosocial and behavioral presentation, including their emotional state (e.g. anxiety, depression, and anger), perception and understanding of symptoms, and reactions to those symptoms by significant others.8,9 A key premise is that multiple factors influence the symptoms and functional limitations of individuals with chronic pain. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment is needed that addresses biomedical, psychosocial, and behavioral domains, as each contributes to chronic pain and related disability.10,11
Comprehensive Assessment Of An Individual With Chronic Pain
Turk and Meichenbaum12 suggested that three central questions should guide assessment of people who report pain:
What is the extent of the patient’s disease or injury (physical impairment)?
What is the magnitude of the illness? That is, to what extent is the patient suffering, disabled, and unable to enjoy usual activities?
Does the individual’s behavior seem appropriate to the disease or injury, or is there any evidence of symptom amplification for any of a variety of psychological or social reasons (e.g. benefits such as positive attention, mood-altering medications, financial compensation)?
To answer these questions, information should be gathered from the patient by history and physical examination, in combination with a clinical interview, and through standardized assessment instruments. Healthcare providers need to seek any cause(s) of pain through physical examination and diagnostic tests while concomitantly assessing the patient�s mood, fears, expectancies, coping efforts, resources, responses of significant others, and the impact of pain on the patients� lives.11 In short, the healthcare provider must evaluate the �whole person� and not just the pain.
The general goals of the history and medical evaluation are to:
(i) determine the necessity of additional diagnostic testing
(ii) determine if medical data can explain the patient’s symptoms, symptom severity, and functional limitations
(iii) make a medical diagnosis
(iv) evaluate the availability of appropriate treatment
(v) establish the objectives of treatment
(vi) determine the appropriate course for symptom management if a complete cure is not possible.
Significant numbers of patients that report chronic pain demonstrate no physical pathology using plain radiographs, computed axial tomography scans, or electromyography (an extensive literature is available on physical assessment, radiographic and laboratory assessment procedures to determine the physical basis of pain),17 making a precise pathological diagnosis difficult or impossible.
Despite these limitations, the patient’s history and physical examination remain the basis of medical diagnosis, can provide a safeguard against over-interpreting findings from diagnostic imaging that are largely confirmatory, and can be used to guide the direction of further evaluation efforts.
In addition, patients with chronic pain problems often consume a variety of medications.18 It is important to discuss a patient’s current medications during the interview, as many pain medications are associated with side-effects that may cause or mimic emotional distress.19 Healthcare providers should not only be familiar with medications used for chronic pain, but also with side-effects from these medications that result in fatigue, sleep difficulties, and mood changes to avoid misdiagnosis of depression.
The use of daily diaries is believed to be more accurate as they are based on real-time rather than recall. Patients may be asked to maintain regular diaries of pain intensity with ratings recorded several times each day (e.g. meals and bedtime) for several days or weeks and multiple pain ratings can be averaged across time.
One problem noted with the use of paper-and-pencil diaries is that patients may not follow the instruction to provide ratings at specified intervals. Rather, patients may complete diaries in advance (�fill forward�) or shortly before seeing a clinician (�fill backward�),24 undermining the putative validity of diaries. Electronic diaries have gained acceptance in some research studies to avoid these problems.
Research has demonstrated the importance of assessing overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in chronic pain patients in addition to function.31,32 There are a number of well established, psychometrically supported HRQOL measures [Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)],33 general measures of physical functioning [e.g. Pain Disability Index (PDI)],34 and disease-specific measures [e.g. Western Ontario MacMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC);35 Roland-Morris Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (RDQ)]36 to assess function and quality of life.
Disease-specific measures are designed to evaluate the impact of a specific condition (e.g. pain and stiffness in people with osteoarthritis), whereas generic measures make it possible to compare physical functioning associated with a given disorder and its treatment with that of various other conditions. Specific effects of a disorder may not be detected when using a generic measure; therefore, disease-specific measures may be more likely to reveal clinically important improvement or deterioration in specific functions as a result of treatment. General measures of functioning may be useful to compare patients with a diversity of painful conditions. The combined use of disease-specific and generic measures facilitates the achievement of both objectives.
The presence of emotional distress in people with chronic pain presents a challenge when assessing symptoms such as fatigue, reduced activity level, decreased libido, appetite change, sleep disturbance, weight gain or loss, and memory and concentration deficits, as these symptoms can be the result of pain, emotional distress, or treatment medications prescribed to control pain.
Instruments have been developed specifically for pain patients to assess psychological distress, the impact of pain on patients� lives, feeling of control, coping behaviors, and attitudes about disease, pain, and healthcare providers.17
For example, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)39 and the Profile of Mood States (POMS)40 are psychometrically sound for assessing symptoms of depressed mood, emotional distress, and mood disturbance, and have been recommended to be used in all clinical trials of chronic pain;41 however, the scores must be interpreted with caution and the criteria for levels of emotional distress may need to be modified to prevent false positives.42
Lab Biomarkers For Pain
Biomarkers are biological characteristics that can be used to indicate health or disease. This paper reviews studies on biomarkers of low back pain (LBP) in human subjects. LBP is the leading cause of disability, caused by various spine-related disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and facet arthritis. The focus of these studies is inflammatory mediators, because inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration and associated pain mechanisms. Increasingly, studies suggest that the presence of inflammatory mediators can be measured systemically in the blood. These biomarkers may serve as novel tools for directing patient care. Currently, patient response to treatment is unpredictable with a significant rate of recurrence, and, while surgical treatments may provide anatomical correction and pain relief, they are invasive and costly. The review covers studies performed on populations with specific diagnoses and undefined origins of LBP. Since the natural history of LBP is progressive, the temporal nature of studies is categorized by duration of symptomology/disease. Related studies on changes in biomarkers with treatment are also reviewed. Ultimately, diagnostic biomarkers of LBP and spinal degeneration have the potential to shepherd an era of individualized spine medicine for personalized therapeutics in the treatment of LBP.
Biomarkers For Chronic Neuropathic Pain & Potential Application In Spinal Cord Stimulation
This review was focused on understanding which substances inside the human body increase and decrease with increasing neuropathic pain. We reviewed various studies, and saw correlations between neuropathic pain and components of the immune system (this system defends the body against diseases and infections). Our findings will especially be useful for understanding ways to reduce or eliminate the discomfort, chronic neuropathic pain brings with it. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) procedure is one of the few fairly efficient remedial treatments for pain. A follow-up study will apply our findings from this review to SCS, in order to understand the mechanism, and further optimize efficaciousness.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1?, IL-6, IL-2, IL-33, CCL3, CXCL1, CCR5, and TNF-?, have been found to play significant roles in the amplification of chronic pain states.
After review of various studies relating to pain biomarkers, we found that serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1?, IL-6, IL-2, IL-33, CCL3, CXCL1, CCR5, and TNF-?, were significantly up-regulated during chronic pain experience. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-4 were found to show significant down-regulation during chronic pain state.
Biomarkers For Depression
A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression, but has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal in which patients and how biologic information can be used to enhance diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This lack of progress is partially due to the nature and heterogeneity of depression, in conjunction with methodological heterogeneity within the research literature and the large array of biomarkers with potential, the expression of which often varies according to many factors. We review the available literature, which indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neurotrophic and metabolic processes, as well as neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system components, represent highly promising candidates. These may be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomic and neuroimaging assessments. The use of novel approaches and systematic research programs is now required to determine whether, and which, biomarkers can be used to predict response to treatment, stratify patients to specific treatments and develop targets for new interventions. We conclude that there is much promise for reducing the burden of depression through further developing and expanding these research avenues.
References:
Assessment of patients with chronic pain�E. J. Dansiet and D. C. Turk*t�
Inflammatory biomarkers of low back pain and disc degeneration: a review.
Khan AN1, Jacobsen HE2, Khan J1, Filippi CG3, Levine M3, Lehman RA Jr2,4, Riew KD2,4, Lenke LG2,4, Chahine NO2,5.
Biomarkers for Chronic Neuropathic Pain and their Potential Application in Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Review
Chibueze D. Nwagwu,1 Christina Sarris, M.D.,3 Yuan-Xiang Tao, Ph.D., M.D.,2 and Antonios Mammis, M.D.1,2
Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects. Strawbridge R1, Young AH1,2, Cleare AJ1,2.
Chiropractic is a very effective treatment for back pain, but what many patients don�t realize is that they can stretch to make it even better. By employing simple stretches, a chiropractic patient can improve his or her range of motion and increase flexibility. These are some great stretches that you can do at just about any fitness level.
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Stretch
Knee To Chest
Lie on a firm, flat surface for this exercise. You can place a mat or towel underneath you to make it a little more comfortable. If you aren�t able to flatten your back right away, fold a small towel and place it under the small of your back to provide a little support.
Lie on your back, knees bent so that your feet are flat on the floor.
Press your lower back into the floor.
While keeping your left foot on the floor, inhale, bringing your right knee to your chest, pulling gently just until you feel a stretch. Hold it for 20 to 30 seconds. You can also keep your left leg straight if that is more comfortable. Make sure you keep your back pressed to the floor.
Exhale, releasing your right knee and return to the starting position.
Repeat the movement with the left leg.
Repeat this stretch 3 to 5 times with each leg.
Child�s Pose
This gives you a very nice stretch all through your back. If you are unable to get on your knees or if you can�t sit on your knees, you can do this while standing.
Hold onto the back of a chair and bend forward. Don�t pull and don�t rest put all of your weight on the chair, just let your body fall gently forward with your neck relaxed and your head drooping. Take baby steps backward until you feel a good stretch, then hold it while breathing normally for 20 to 30 seconds. Walk your feet back in a bit to keep your balance and stand. Repeat 4 or 5 times.
Get on your hands and knees, keeping your knees a little wider than your hips. Turn your toes inward so that they touch.
Bend your knees, pushing your hips back over your heels. Get to a comfortable sitting position.
Slowly slide your arms out in front of you, rounding out your back as you exhale. Keep your neck relaxed so that your head falls forward. Allow yourself to feel the stretch throughout your back.
Hold for 20 to 30 seconds then return to the sitting position.
Repeat the movement 4 or 5 times, keeping your movements slow, fluid, and deliberate.
Cat � Camel
If you can�t get on your knees, stand in front of a chair and place your hands on the seat. Position your feet about where your knees would be if you were on your hands and knees. Relax your neck, allowing your head to droop. Complete steps 2 through 5.
Get on your hands and knees, back straight, your hands shoulder width apart, and your knees slightly apart. Relax your neck so that your head droops. Breathe normally.
Exhale as you round your back up toward the ceiling. Press until you feel a good stretch all along your back. Hold for about 20 to 30 seconds.
Return to the starting position, keeping your back straight.
Inhale as you sway your back, pushing your stomach toward the floor. Tilt your pelvis to get a maximum stretch. Hold for 20 to 30 seconds.
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