Sports Spine Specialist Chiropractic Team: Athletes strive to achieve their body’s maximum performance by participating in numerous training regimens consisting of strenuous exercises and physical activity and ensuring they meet all of their body’s nutritional requirements. Through proper fitness and nutrition, many individuals can condition themselves to excel in their specific sport. Our training programs are designed for athletes that look to gain a competitive edge in their sport.
We provide sport-specific services to help increase an athlete’s performance through mobility, strength, and endurance. Occasionally, however, the excess workouts can lead many to suffer injuries or develop underlying conditions. Dr. Alex Jimenez’s chronicle of articles for athletes displays in detail the many forms of complications affecting these professionals while focusing on the possible solutions and treatments to follow to achieve overall well-being.
For individuals training for long distance walking marathons and/or events, can focusing on building a walking foundation, then increasing mileage progressively help condition the body for overall readiness?
Long Distance Walking Training
Training helps individuals be comfortable and safe for long-distance walking and events.
Training should focus on building a walking pace and increasing mileage gradually.
Individuals need endurance, not speed, and want to build mental stamina for walking for hours at a steady pace.
To reduce the risk of training injuries, increasing the total mileage per week/the distance of the longest walk per week to no more than 10% is recommended.
Individuals should also train to wear the gear worn during long-distance walks.
Training could last a few months.
Being methodical allows the body time to repair and build new muscle, blood supplies, and endurance.
Example Training Plans
Following a marathon training plan for mileage building and determining the proper hydration, nutrition, and gear for multi-day walks and treks is recommended. However, individuals must build back-to-back long days into their training sessions to assess any issues or problems resulting from walking long distances on back-to-back days.
Example Walking Training Plans
Multi-Day Walks/Treks Training Schedule
13 miles per day/21 kilometers
Use this plan for marathons or other multi-day walks with hills and natural surfaces requiring a backpack.
Training to Walk a Marathon
26.2 miles/42 kilometers
This will condition the body to go longer distances.
When training for distances of 31 to 100 miles/50 to 161 kilometers, the longest distance to train should not need to exceed 20 to 25 miles,
These should be performed at least twice two months before the marathon or event.
Taper down the month before the event to a 12.4-mile/20-kilometer distance.
Gear
All clothing, shoes, sunscreen, backpacks, etc., must be tested on the longer training days before the event.
Given the climate and terrain, plan for what will be needed and removed.
Try things out, as individuals don’t want to be surprised with something unfamiliar at the event. From head to toe, test the gear, including:
Shoes/boots, socks, underwear, bra, shirt, pants, hat, jacket, and rain gear.
Choose shoes or walking boots and wear them on long training days to break them in and ensure they perform.
Backpacks should be tested on longer training days to ensure they can be carried comfortably over long distances and have the necessary capacity.
Choose wicking fabrics that allow the skin to breathe and cool, especially under layers. (Justin De Sousa et al., 2014)
Individuals will want to wear gear similar to marathon walkers if the walk will mostly be on pavement or asphalt.
Individuals can modify their gear if the route is off-road or during different seasons. Find out what other long-distance walkers have worn on the same route or event.
Individuals can connect with fellow walkers via social media or find answers to frequently asked questions on the event’s or destination’s website.
Individuals can also contact the event director via the website or social media.
Nutrition
Proper sports nutrition will prepare the body for endurance activity.
For example, individuals are recommended to follow a diet comprising 70% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 10% fat.
Avoid high-protein diets, as they can cause hydration problems and strain your kidneys under endurance walking conditions. (Marta Cuenca-Sánchez et al., 2015)
Train with the water, sports drinks, food, and snacks taken to the event, and do not deviate from them during the event.
Water is needed for 20 kilometers and under events, but an electrolyte replacement sports drink may be better for longer walks.
Diluting or leaving out some sugar can be easier on the stomach.
Have snacks pre-packaged and labeled for the times to be eaten.
Individuals need to eat fat and protein for ultramarathon distances – this can come from trail mix, peanut butter sandwiches, and chocolate bars with nuts.
Carbohydrates can be provided by sports gels or energy bars.
It is recommended to avoid products made for short distances and power sports as they can cause digestive problems when walking longer distances.
Planning a Walk
Planning begins by setting goals. Considerations include:
Time of year
Distance
Transportation to the event
Event pace requirements
Altitude and hill profile
Climate
Individuals are recommended to:
Prepare by researching routes and trails.
Study the course maps to know what services are provided along the way and what individuals must bring.
Walk a long distance without a supporting event.
Contact individuals who have walked the course.
Know the terrain and areas of total sun, hills, pavement, natural trails, and shade.
If possible, drive the course to become familiar with it.
Individuals may be able to find apps designed for their route.
Taking Breaks and Resting
Regular breaks should be short – using the bathroom, eating a snack, rehydrating, tying shoes, or bandaging blisters.
The body can stiffen up quickly during breaks and take several minutes to regain walking pace after a long break.
Recommendations could be taking a walking break instead, which means continuing to walk but at a very slow pace.
Foot Care
Individuals will have found what works for them concerning shoes, boots, socks, etc., on the long training days to prevent blisters and injuries. It is recommended to try different strategies, which include:
Sports tape
Blister block pads
Sprays
Lubricants
Wicking and/or double-layered socks
Moleskin
Stop at the first sign of irritation along the walk and doctor the foot with tape, blister bandages, or whatever method works best.
The body was built for walking. Planning and training properly before taking a long-distance or multi-day walk will ensure a safe and enjoyable marathon.
Move Better, Live Better
References
De Sousa, J., Cheatham, C., & Wittbrodt, M. (2014). The effects of a moisture-wicking fabric shirt on the physiological and perceptual responses during acute exercise in the heat. Applied ergonomics, 45(6), 1447–1453. doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.04.006
Cuenca-Sánchez, M., Navas-Carrillo, D., & Orenes-Piñero, E. (2015). Controversies surrounding high-protein diet intake: satiating effect and kidney and bone health. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 6(3), 260–266. doi.org/10.3945/an.114.007716
Can individuals dealing with joint pain incorporate acupuncture therapy to manage lupus symptoms and restore body mobility?
Introduction
The immune system is highly important to the body as its main job is to protect vital structures from foreign invaders that can cause pain-like issues and discomfort. The immune system has a healthy relationship with the different body systems, including the musculoskeletal system, as the inflammatory cytokines help heal muscle and tissue damage when the body is injured. Over time, however, when normal environmental and genetic factors start to develop in the body, the immune system will begin to send out these cytokines to healthy, normal cells. To that point, the body starts at risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Now, autoimmune diseases in the body can cause havoc over time when they are not managed, leading to chronic disorders that can cause overlapping symptoms in the musculoskeletal system. One of the most common autoimmune diseases is systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus, and it can cause a person to be in consistent pain and discomfort while correlating with muscle and joint pain. Today’s article looks at the factors and effects of lupus, the burden of joint pain in lupus, and how holistic approaches like acupuncture can help manage lupus while restoring body mobility. We talk with certified medical providers who consolidate our patients’ information to assess how to minimize the pain effects caused by lupus on the joints. We also inform and guide patients on how acupuncture can help manage lupus and combine other therapies to reduce its pain-like symptoms affecting the musculoskeletal system. We encourage our patients to ask their associated medical providers intricate and important questions about incorporating acupuncture therapy to relieve the inflammatory effects of lupus while finding natural ways to restore mobility. Dr. Jimenez, D.C., includes this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
The Factors & Effects Of Lupus
Have you been experiencing joint pain in your upper or lower extremities, making it difficult to function throughout the day? Have you been feeling the constant effects of fatigue? Many individuals experiencing these pain-like issues could risk developing systemic lupus erythematosus. In this autoimmune disease, the body’s own immune system mistakenly starts to attack its tissues, thus leading to inflammation and a range of pain-like symptoms. Lupis is tricky to diagnose because of its complex immune dysregulation that can lead to an overproduction of cytokines that can affect the body. (Lazar & Kahlenberg, 2023) At the same time, lupus can affect a diverse population, with symptoms and severity varying depending on how mild or severe the factors affect the body. Lupus can impact various body parts, including the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, and other vital body parts and organs, as environmental and hormonal factors can influence its development. (Tsang & Bultink, 2021) Additionally, lupus can be closely associated with other comorbidities that are causing overlapping risk profiles with inflammation that can affect the joints in the musculoskeletal system.
The Burden of Joint Pain In Lupus
Lupus is tricky to diagnose since it often mimics other ailments; the most common pain symptom that lupus affects is the joints. Individuals with lupus experience joint pain, which can cause inflammatory effects and structural damage to the joints, tendons, muscles, and bones, causing pathological abnormalities. (Di Matteo et al., 2021) Since lupus causes inflammatory effects in the joints, many individuals will think that they are experiencing inflammatory arthritis, and it can cause overlapping risk profiles as it is accompanied by lupus, thus causing localized pain in the joints regardless of its origin. (Senthelal et al., 2024) Joint pain in lupus individuals can significantly hinder daily activities, reducing mobility and overall quality of life as they are trying to find relief.
Unlocking The Secrets of Inflammation-Video
A Holistic Approach to Managing Lupus
While standard treatments for lupus involve medication and immunosuppressants to reduce the inflammation caused by lupus, many people want to seek out holistic approaches to manage lupus and reduce the inflammatory effects from affecting their joints by making small changes in their lives. Many people incorporate anti-inflammatory foods rich in antioxidants to dampen the inflammatory effects. Various supplements, like vitamin D, calcium, zinc, etc., can help reduce inflammation caused by lupus and strengthen bone health. Additionally, non-surgical treatments can even improve cardiorespiratory capacity and decrease fatigue while improving psychological function, which can help improve a person’s quality of life by managing the symptoms caused by lupus. (Fangtham et al., 2019)
How Acupuncture Could Help Lupus & Restore Mobility
One of the oldest forms of non-surgical and holistic approaches to reducing inflammation and managing lupus is acupuncture. Acupuncture involves solid, thin needles used by highly trained professionals to be inserted into specific body points to balance the body’s qi (energy) by stimulating the nervous system and releasing beneficial chemicals into the affected muscles, spinal cord, and brain. Additionally, acupuncture, with its minimal side effects and holistic approach, can help manage lupus. This is because when acupuncture needles are placed at the acupoints of the body, it can disrupt the pain signals that are causing pain in the affected area and regulate the inflammatory cytokines from lupus to provide relief. (Wang et al., 2023) This is due to its philosophy of addressing not only the physical pain but also the emotional and psychological symptoms of living with a chronic condition like lupus.
Additionally, acupuncture can help restore joint mobility while managing lupus through consecutive treatments, as many people notice that their joint mobility is improved and their pain is diminished. This is because the insertion and manipulation of the needles in the body’s acupoints cause alterations in afferent sensory input to the central nervous system, which increases alpha motoneuron excitability and reduces inflammation. (Kim et al., 2020) When individuals are dealing with lupus and are trying to find alternative holistic methods to relieve inflammation and joint pain caused by lupus, acupuncture, and non-surgical treatments can offer a ray of hope in managing the daily challenges of lupus.
References
Di Matteo, A., Smerilli, G., Cipolletta, E., Salaffi, F., De Angelis, R., Di Carlo, M., Filippucci, E., & Grassi, W. (2021). Imaging of Joint and Soft Tissue Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 23(9), 73. doi.org/10.1007/s11926-021-01040-8
Fangtham, M., Kasturi, S., Bannuru, R. R., Nash, J. L., & Wang, C. (2019). Non-pharmacologic therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 28(6), 703-712. doi.org/10.1177/0961203319841435
Kim, D., Jang, S., & Park, J. (2020). Electroacupuncture and Manual Acupuncture Increase Joint Flexibility but Reduce Muscle Strength. Healthcare (Basel), 8(4). doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040414
Lazar, S., & Kahlenberg, J. M. (2023). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Annu Rev Med, 74, 339-352. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-043021-032611
Tsang, A. S. M. W. P., & Bultink, I. E. M. (2021). New developments in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford), 60(Suppl 6), vi21-vi28. doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab498
Wang, H., Wang, B., Huang, J., Yang, Z., Song, Z., Zhu, Q., Xie, Z., Sun, Q., & Zhao, T. (2023). Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy combined with conventional pharmacotherapy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(40), e35418. doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000035418
For individuals experiencing musculoskeletal issues and pain symptoms, can learning about biomechanics and how it applies to movement, physical training, and performance, help in injury treatment and prevention?
Biomechanics
Biomechanics studies all life forms and their mechanical workings. Many think of biomechanics in sports and athletic performance, but biomechanics helps create and improve technologies, equipment, and injury rehabilitation techniques. (Tung-Wu Lu, Chu-Fen Chang 2012) Scientists, sports medicine doctors, physiotherapists, chiropractors, and conditioning specialists utilize biomechanics to help develop training protocols and techniques to improve therapy outcomes.
Body Movement
Biomechanics studies the movement of the body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together, especially when movement is not optimal or correct. It is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on motion mechanics and analysis of how all the individual parts of the body work together to make up athletic and normal movements. (José M Vilar et al., 2013) Biomechanics includes:
Structure of bones and muscles.
Movement ability.
Mechanics of blood circulation, renal function, and other functions.
The study of forces and the effects of these forces on the tissues, fluid, or materials used for diagnosis, treatment, or research. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)
Sports
Sports biomechanics studies motion in exercising, training, and sports, which incorporates physics and the laws of mechanics. For example, the biomechanics of a specific exercise looks at:
Body position.
Movement of the feet, hips, knees, back, shoulders, and arms.
Knowing the correct movement patterns helps make the most of the exercise while preventing injuries, correcting form mistakes, informing training protocols, and increasing positive results. Understanding how the body moves and why it moves the way it does helps medical professionals prevent and treat injuries, alleviate pain symptoms, and improve performance.
Equipment
Biomechanics is used in the development of physical and sports equipment to improve performance. For example, a shoe can be designed for optimal performance for a skateboarder, long-distance runner, or soccer player. Playing surfaces are also studied for this purpose, such as how the surface stiffness of artificial turf affects athletic performance. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)
Individuals
Biomechanics can analyze an individual’s movements for more effective movement during training and games.
For example, an individual’s running gait or swing can be filmed with recommendations on what to change to improve.
Injuries
The science studies the causes, treatment, and prevention of neuromusculoskeletal injuries.
The research can analyze the forces that cause injuries and provide information for medical professionals on how to reduce the risk of injury.
Training
Biomechanics studies sports techniques and training systems to develop ways to improve efficiency.
This can include research on positioning, release, follow-through, etc.
It can analyze and help design new training techniques based on the mechanical demands of the sport, aimed at resulting in better performance.
For example, muscle activation is measured in cycling using electromyography and kinematics, which helps researchers analyze factors like posture, components, or exercise intensity that affect activation. (Jose I. Priego-Quesada 2021)
Motions
In biomechanics, the body’s motions are referred to from anatomical positioning:
Standing upright, with the gaze straight ahead
Arms at the sides
Palms facing forward
Feet spaced slightly apart, toes forward.
The three anatomical planes include:
Sagittal – median – Dividing the body into right and left halves is the sagittal/median plane. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane.
Frontal – The frontal plane divides the body into front and back sides but also includes abduction, or moving a limb away from the center, and adduction, or moving a limb towards the center in the frontal plane.
Transverse – horizontal. – The upper and lower parts of the body are divided by the transverse/horizontal plane. Rotating movements occur here. (American Council on Exercise 2017)
Moving the body in all three planes occurs with daily activity. This is why performing exercises in each plane of motion to build strength, function, and stability is recommended.
Tools
Various tools are used to study biomechanics. Studies are usually performed using a device known as electromyography or EMG sensors. Sensors are placed on the skin and measure the amount and degree of muscle fiber activation in certain muscles during test exercises. EMGs can help:
Researchers understand which exercises are more effective than others.
Therapists know whether patients’ muscles are properly operating and functioning.
Dynamometers are another tool that helps measure muscle strength.
They measure the force output generated during muscle contractions to see if the muscles are sufficiently strong.
They are used to measure grip strength, which can be an indicator of overall strength, health, and longevity. (Li Huang et al., 2022)
Beyond Adjustments: Chiropractic and Integrative Healthcare
References
Lu, T. W., & Chang, C. F. (2012). Biomechanics of human movement and its clinical applications. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 28(2 Suppl), S13–S25. doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.08.004
Vilar, J. M., Miró, F., Rivero, M. A., & Spinella, G. (2013). Biomechanics. BioMed research international, 2013, 271543. doi.org/10.1155/2013/271543
Priego-Quesada J. I. (2021). Exercise Biomechanics and Physiology. Life (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 159. doi.org/10.3390/life11020159
Huang, L., Liu, Y., Lin, T., Hou, L., Song, Q., Ge, N., & Yue, J. (2022). Reliability and validity of two hand dynamometers when used by community-dwelling adults aged over 50 years. BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 580. doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03270-6
For individuals starting to lift weights, motor units are important for muscle movement. Can building more motor units help build strength and maintain muscle mass?
Motor Units
Motor units control the skeletal muscles and are the force behind every body movement. (C J. Heckman, Roger M. Enoka 2012)
This includes voluntary movements like lifting weights and involuntary movements like breathing. When lifting objects and weights, the body adapts to motor unit needs, meaning that individuals must consistently increase the weight to progress.
Lifting weights regularly trains the body to generate more motor units and force.
General guidelines recommend lifting weights for all muscle groups two to three non-consecutive days a week.
Consistency helps maintain muscle mass.
Regular progression increases the risk of plateauing.
What They Are
Exercise increases the body’s muscle strength, while sedentariness and inactivity weaken them. A motor unit is a single nerve cell/neuron that supplies the nerves to innervate a group of skeletal muscles. The neuron receives signals from the brain that stimulate all the muscle fibers in that particular motor unit to generate movement.
Muscles comprise different fiber types.
They are attached to the bones with connective tissue, which is stronger than the muscle.
Multiple motor units are dispersed throughout the muscle.
The motor units help ensure muscle contraction force is evenly spread throughout the muscle.
Motor units are different sizes and operate differently depending on where and what they do.
Small motor units might only innervate five or ten fibers. For example, to blink or sniff.
Large motor units can comprise hundreds of muscle fibers for swinging or jumping movements.
How They Work
The number of units activated depends on the task. Stronger muscle contractions require more. However, fewer units are needed to accomplish the movement for individuals expending less effort.
Contraction
Once a unit receives a signal from the brain, the muscle fibers contract simultaneously.
The force generated depends on how many units are required to accomplish the task. (Purves D. et al., 2001)
For example, picking up small objects like a pen and paper requires only a few units to generate the force needed.
If picking up a heavy barbell, the body needs more units because more force is needed to lift the heavier load.
The body can generate more force with stronger muscles.
This happens when lifting weights on a regular basis and overloading the muscles with more weight than they can handle.
This process is known as adaptation.
Adaptation
The purpose of lifting weights is to challenge the muscles so they adapt to the new challenge and grow in strength and mass. Motor units are a major part of the adaptation process. (Dr. Erin Nitschke. American Council on Exercise. 2017)
As individuals continue working out, their ability to generate more force increases and units activate more rapidly.
This makes movements more efficient.
Individuals can increase motor unit recruitment by consistently increasing the weight challenge to their muscles.
The development creates movement memory.
A relationship between the brain, muscles, and motor units is established even if the individual stops working out. The pathways are still there no matter how long the individual takes off.
When returning to training, the body will remember how to ride a bike, do a bicep curl, or squat.
However, the muscles will not have the same strength as the strength needs to be built back along with endurance that may have been lost.
It is the movement memory that remains.
Military Training and Chiropractic Care: Maximizing Performance
References
Heckman, C. J., & Enoka, R. M. (2012). Motor unit. Comprehensive Physiology, 2(4), 2629–2682. doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c100087
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors. (2001). Neuroscience. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. The Motor Unit. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10874/
For fitness and sports enthusiasts, weekend warriors, and athletes looking to improve physical performance, can incorporating acupuncture for sports performance be effective?
Acupuncture For Sports Performance
Acupuncture for sports performance follows the same needle insertion for specific points to treat pain symptoms, alleviate inflammation and fatigue, and enhance blood circulation to improve physical and athletic performance. Acupuncture is based on traditional Chinese medicine principles that focus on restoring the balance of the nervous system and body to activate natural healing and increase energy circulation. (Johns Hopkins Medicine. 2024).
Acupuncture has become a popular alternative treatment for sports injuries as it has shown positive outcomes and recovery from injuries. (George G. A. Pujalte et al., 2023)
The body’s blood and energy pathways, known as meridians, become blocked by inflammation because of illness, injury, or overuse, resulting in pain, stress, and various symptoms. The acupuncture needles stimulate the pathways to clear the blockages, allowing optimal circulation of energy and blood to reduce inflammation and restore balance. (Jiajie Zhu et al., 2021)
Sports acupuncture works by maintaining optimal circulation of blood and energy through meridians through the arteries, tendons, muscles, and organs for enhanced productivity and ability. (Liang Kang et al., 2021)
Electroacupuncture involves connecting electrical stimulation from a tens machine to specific points over an area to enhance the needle treatment. (Keitaro Kubo et al., 2020)
Acupuncture Can Help
Ways that acupuncture can help include:
Increase Range of Motion
Acupuncture can help loosen tight muscles, tendons, and ligaments overused during training or games.(Chi-Tsai Tang, 2023)
This allows athletes to perform at peak levels without risking worsening or causing further injury.
Increase Flexibility
Acupuncture helps increase elasticity in joints by releasing adhesions within connective tissue for increased mobility.
Improve Reflexes
Targeting key points stimulates nerve activity, which can improve quicker reflexes and improve coordination.(Chi-Tsai Tang, Bo Song. 2022)
Increase Circulation
Acupuncture increases blood circulation to areas lacking oxygen.
Acupuncture releases endorphins, which reduce pain and also provide an overall sense of calmness and relaxation.
This enables athletes to stay focused and motivated throughout training and games. (Chi-Tsai Tang, 2023)
Reduce Fatigue
Regular acupuncture for sports performance can help maintain energy levels to help prevent burnout and maintain optimal performance during practice and games. (George G. A. Pujalte et al., 2023)
Relieve Muscle Tension
Acupuncture treatment can help relax tense muscles caused by repetitive use as well as from stress tension that could be caused by anxiety before a game or tournament.
For individuals who want to improve their physical performance, sports acupuncture can provide a natural, non-invasive alternative that can help improve athletic performance mentally and physically.
Lumbar Spine Injuries in Sports: Chiropractic Healing
Zhu, J., Li, J., Yang, L., & Liu, S. (2021). Acupuncture, from the ancient to the current. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 304(11), 2365–2371. doi.org/10.1002/ar.24625
Kang, L., Liu, P., Peng, A., Sun, B., He, Y., Huang, Z., Wang, M., Hu, Y., & He, B. (2021). Application of traditional Chinese therapy in sports medicine. Sports medicine and health science, 3(1), 11–20. doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2021.02.006
Tang, C. T., & Song, B. (2022). Acupuncture and Dry Needling for Sports Performance and Recovery. Current sports medicine reports, 21(6), 213–218. doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000968
Kubo, K., Iizuka, Y., Yajima, H., Takayama, M., & Takakura, N. (2020). Changes in Blood Circulation of the Tendons and Heart Rate Variability During and After Acupuncture. Medical acupuncture, 32(2), 99–107. doi.org/10.1089/acu.2019.1397
Tang C. T. (2023). Practicing Outside the Lines: Using Acupuncture in the Athletic Training Room and on the Field. Medical acupuncture, 35(5), 266–269. doi.org/10.1089/acu.2023.0043
For individuals who have decided to start exercising for fitness and health, walking is a great place to start. Can planning a walking exercise schedule help individuals maintain a fitness routine and improve endurance and speed quicker?
Walking Exercise Planning Schedule
While any amount of walking benefits health, individuals can increase the benefits by walking more per week or by increasing the pace. Brisk walking for 30 minutes per day, totaling 150 minutes per week, is recommended by health experts to decrease risks for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and other conditions. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022)
Individuals with ongoing health conditions should talk to their doctor before starting any new exercise program.
Beginners are encouraged to focus on using proper walking posture and technique to steadily improve strength and endurance.
The increased duration or intensity can help if weight loss is a goal.
Improving diet is also necessary for the best results.
Individuals can build healthy walking habits by tracking walks.
Schedule
Checklist
Individuals can walk outdoors, indoors, or on a treadmill.
Wear proper athletic shoes and clothing.
Check walking posture.
Walk at an easy pace for a couple of minutes before picking up speed.
First Week
An example of what a walking exercise schedule can look like, but it’s advised to consult a professional trainer to develop a personalized fitness plan.
Start with a 15-minute walk at an easy pace.
Walk five days the first week.
Building a healthy habit is the goal, so consistency is important.
Spread out rest days, like making days 3 and 6 rest days.
Weekly goal – 60 to 75 minutes
Second Week
Add five minutes, so the walk time increases gradually.
Or, individuals can extend more on some days, followed by a rest day.
Weekly goal – 80 to 100 minutes
Third Week
Add five more minutes with each session, so the walk increases to 25 minutes.
Weekly goal – 100 to 125 minutes
Fourth Week
Add another five minutes to increase the walk to 30 minutes.
Weekly goal – 120 to 150 minutes
Individuals who find any week to be difficult are suggested to repeat that week instead of adding time until they are able to progress naturally. Once able to walk for 30 minutes at a time comfortably, individuals are ready for a variety of different walking exercise workouts to add intensity and endurance. A weekly walking plan can include:
Longer walks
Higher-intensity walks
Speed-building walks
Beginner Walking Speed
An individual’s objective should be brisk walking to achieve a moderate-intensity workout. This is the intensity that is associated with the most health benefits.
Mahmod, S. R., Narayanan, L. T., & Supriyanto, E. (2018). Effects of incremental cardiorespiratory exercise on the speech rate and the estimated exercise intensity using the counting talk test. Journal of physical therapy science, 30(7), 933–937. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.30.933
Individuals who participate in physical and sports activities could suffer an Achilles tendon tear. Can understanding the symptoms and risks help in treatment and return the individual back to their sports activity sooner?
Achilles Tendon
This is a common injury that occurs when the tendon attaching the calf muscle to the heel gets torn.
About the Tendon
The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body.
In sports and physical activities, intense explosive movements like running, sprinting, quickly shifting positions, and jumping are exerted on the Achilles.
The injury often occurs without any contact or collision but rather the running, starting, stopping, and pulling actions placed on the feet.
Certain antibiotics and cortisone shots can increase the likelihood of Achilles tear injuries.
A specific antibiotic, fluoroquinolones, has been shown to increase the risk of Achilles tendon problems.
Cortisone shots are also associated with Achilles tears, which is why many healthcare providers don’t recommend cortisone for Achilles tendonitis. (Anne L. Stephenson et al., 2013)
Symptoms
A tendon tear or rupture causes sudden pain behind the ankle.
Individuals may hear a pop or a snap and often report the feeling as being kicked in the calf or heel.
Individuals have difficulty pointing their toes downward.
Individuals may have swelling and bruising around the tendon.
A healthcare provider will examine the ankle for continuity of the tendon.
Squeezing the calf muscle is supposed to cause the foot to point downwards, but in individuals with a tear, the foot will not move, resulting in positive results on the Thompson test.
A defect in the tendon can usually be felt after a tear.
X-rays may be used to rule out other conditions, including ankle fracture or ankle arthritis.
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are commonly used for the treatment of respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and bacterial infections. These antibiotics are associated with Achilles tendon rupture, but further research is needed to determine how they affect the Achilles tendon. Individuals taking these medications are advised to consider an alternative medication if Achilles tendon problems begin to develop. (Anne L. Stephenson et al., 2013)
Treatment
Depending on the severity of the injury, treatment can consist of non-surgical techniques or surgery.
The benefit of surgery is there is usually less immobilization.
Individuals can often return to sports activities sooner, and there is less chance of re-rupturing the tendon.
Thevendran, G., Sarraf, K. M., Patel, N. K., Sadri, A., & Rosenfeld, P. (2013). The ruptured Achilles tendon: a current overview from biology of rupture to treatment. Musculoskeletal surgery, 97(1), 9–20. doi.org/10.1007/s12306-013-0251-6
Stephenson, A. L., Wu, W., Cortes, D., & Rochon, P. A. (2013). Tendon Injury and Fluoroquinolone Use: A Systematic Review. Drug safety, 36(9), 709–721. doi.org/10.1007/s40264-013-0089-8
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