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Phone Related Neck and Head Injuries El Paso, Texas

Phone Related Neck and Head Injuries El Paso, Texas

Head and neck injuries related to phone use are on the rise. Since the first iPhone was released, according to a study in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.

Doctors are warning cell phone users to be especially careful when:

  • Walking around and texting

It is a distraction and one of the leading causes of head and neck injuries.

 

11860 Vista Del Sol, Ste. 126 Phone-Related Neck and Head Injuries El Paso, TX.

 

2,501 reported cases of phone-related head and neck injuries that lead to emergency room visits between January 1998 and December 2017 found in a nationwide database. Injuries in teens and young adults aged 13 to 29 years old were about 40%, in women (55%) and men (45%).

 

Common Phone Injuries

Common injuries include:

  • Cuts
  • Bruises
  • Abrasions
  • Internal injuries usually happen around the eyes and nose
  • Possible trauma to the brain

Over 41% of these injuries happened at home and were minor with little or no treatment needed. Around 50% of injuries were a result of distracted driving and 30% from distracted walking.

 

 

Any type of phone distraction in and out of the home puts you and others at risk for:

  • Falls
  • Slips
  • Trips

All of which can lead to injuries and other possible consequences (e.g. a busted phone).

More individuals are getting injured because of phone use while moving around and not paying attention to what’s around them.

Children

 

11860 Vista Del Sol, Ste. 126 Phone-Related Neck and Head Injuries El Paso, TX.

 

Children under the age of 13 were at higher risk to suffer a mechanical injury like parents accidentally dropping the phone on their child or children hitting themselves in the face. For example, ninety cases of injuries occurred while playing Pokemon Go.

Spending as little as two to four hours a day hunched over a smartphone is enough to make a serious impact on the body over time. And though two to four hours may not seem like a long time, it isn�t hard to arrive at two hours by adding several 15-minute or half-hour segments together.

For teenagers, specifically, two to four hours on a smartphone has changed as of now teenagers spend around seven to eight hours on their phones. Spending twice as much time on afternoons or the space between classes or lunch. Think about the impact of 1500 plus hours of bad posture throughout the year. There is no surprise that teenagers are at risk.

The lasting impact of text neck and distracted phone use on today�s young people will be costly. Therefore, the public needs to be educated about the risks of distracted phone use and reducing this distracted behavior.


 

*Neck* Pain Chiropractic Care El Paso, Texas

 


 

NCBI Resources

If you begin noticing pain, spasms, or irritation around the neck, shoulders, or back make an appointment with a professional chiropractor. Explain when the pain occurred, the severity, and the activity that started it. A simple adjustment may be all that is needed to get re-aligned and gain relief from pain caused by overuse. A chiropractor can also help decrease the chances of the injury worsening over time.

 

Head Trauma And Other Intra-Cranial Pathology Imaging Approaches

Head Trauma And Other Intra-Cranial Pathology Imaging Approaches

Head Trauma: Skull Fractures

head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • SKULL FX: COMMON IN THE SETTINGS OF HEAD INJURIES. SKULL FX OFTEN POINT TO OTHER COMPLICATING FACTORS: INTRA-CRANIALHEMORRHAGING, CLOSED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND OTHER SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS
  • SKULL X-RAYS ARE VIRTUALLY OBSOLETE IN EVALUATING HEAD INJURY. CT SCANNING W/O CONTRAST IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INITIAL STEP IN EVALUATION OF ACUTE HEAD TRAUMA. MRI HASA POOR ABILITY TO REVEAL SKULL FRACTURES, AND NOT TYPICALLY USED FOR AN INITIAL DX OF ACUTE HEAD TRAUMA.
  • SKULL FX ARE IDENTIFIED AS FXS OF SKULL VAULT, SKULL BASE AND FACIAL SKELETON EACH ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC FEATURES AND HELP TO PREDICT COMPLICATIONS.
  • LINEAR SKULL FX: SKULL VAULT. M/C FX. CT SCANNING IS THE KEY TO EVALUATE ARTERIALEXTRADURAL HEMORRHAGING
  • X-RAY DDX: SUTURES VS. LINEAR SKULL FX. FX IS THINNER, �BLACKER� I.E. MORE LUCENT, CROSSESSUTURES,�AND VASCULAR GROOVES, LACKSSERRATIONS
  • RX: IF NO INTRACRANIAL BLEEDS THAT NO TREATMENT. NEUROSURGICAL CARE IF BLEEDSDETECTED BY CT SCANNING
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • DEPRESSED SKULL FX: 75% IN THE VAULT. CAN BE DEADLY. CONSIDERED AN OPEN FX. MOST CASES NEED NEUROSURGICALEXPLORATION ESPECIALLY IFFRAGMENTS DEPRESSED >1-CM.COMPLICATIONS: VASCULAR INJURY/HEMATOMAS, PNEUMOCEPHALUS, MENINGITIS, TBI, CSF LEAK, BRAIN HERNIATION ETC.
  • IMAGING: CT SCANNING W/O CONTRAST
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • BASILAR SKULL FX: CAN BE DEADLY. OFTEN ALONG OTHER MAJOR HEAD TRAUMA OF THE VAULT AND FACIALSKELETON, OFTEN WITH TBI AND MAJORINTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGING. OFTEN OCCUR AS �HEADBAND� EFFECT OF IMPACT AND MECHANICAL TENSION THROUGH THE OCCIPUT AND TEMPORAL BONES THROUGH SPHENOID AND OTHER BASE OF SKULL BONES. CLINICALLY: RACCOON EYES, BATTEL SIGN, CSFRHINO/OTORRHEA.

Facial Fractures

head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • NASAL BONES FX: 45% OF ALLFACEFXM/C IMPACT IS LATERAL(FIST BLOW ETC.) IF UNDISPLACEDNO TREATMENT, IF DISPLACED MAY COMPLICATE AIR FLOW AND RESPIRATORY PASSAGE, MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER FACIAL/SKULL INJURY. X-RAYS 80%SENSITIVE, FOLLOWED BY CT INCOMPLEX INJURIES.
  • ORBITAL BLOW OUT FX: COMMONORBITAL INJURY D/T IMPACT ON THE GLOBE AND/OR ORBITAL BONE. FX OF ORBITAL FLOOR INTOMAXILLARY SINUS VS. MEDIAL WALL INTO ETHMOID SINUS. COMPLICATIONS: ENTRAPPEDINFERIOR RECTUS M, PROLAPSEORBITAL FAT,�AND SOFT TISSUES, HEMORRHAGING AND OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE. RX: CONCERNS OF GLOBE INJURY ARE IMPORTANT, GENERALLY TREATEDCONSERVATIVELY IF NO COMPLICATIONS PRESENT
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • TRIPOD FX: 2ND M/C FACIAL FX#AFTER NASAL (40% OF MIDFACEFX) 3-POINT FX-ZYGOMATICARCH, ORBITAL PROCESS OF ZYGOMATIC BONE & SIDE OF MAXILLARY SINUS WALL, MAXILLARY PROCESS OF ZYGOMATIC BONE.COMPLICATED BY NERVE INJURY, TEMPORALIS M DAMAGE ETC. CT SCANNING IS MORE INFORMATIVE THAT X-RAYS (WATER�S VIEW).
  • LEFORT FX: SERIOUS FX ALWAYS INVOLVES PTERYGOID PLATES, POTENTIALLY SEPARATINGMIDFACE AND ALVEOLAR PROCESS WITH TEETH FROM THE SKULL. CONCERNS: AIRWAYS, HEMOSTASIS, NERVE INJURIES. CT SCANNING IS REQUIRED. POTENTIAL RISK OF BASILAR SKULL FX
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • PING-PONG FX:�EXCLUSIVELY IN INFANTS. AN INCOMPLETE FX D/T FOCALDEPRESSION: FORCEPS DELIVERY, DIFFICULT LABOUR ETC. FOCALTRABECULAR MICROFRACTURIINGLEAVING DEPRESSION RESEMBLING APING-PONG. DX IS MAINLY CLINICALSEEN AS FOCAL DEFECT �DEPRESSION� IN THE SKULL. TYPICALLYNEUROLOGICALLY INTACT. CT MAY HELP IF BRAIN INJURY IS SUSPECTED. RX: OBSERVATIONAL VS. SURGICAL IN COMPLICATED INJURIES. SPONTANEOUSREMODELING HAS BEEN REPORTED
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • LEPTOMENINGEAL CYST (GROWING SKULL FX)- ARE AN ENLARGING SKULL FRACTURE THAT DEVELOPS ADJACENT TO POSTTRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOMALACIA
  • IT IS NOT A CYST, BUT AN EXTENSION OF THEENCEPHALOMALACIA THAT SEEN A FEW MONTHS POST-TRAUMA WITH PREVIOUS SKULL FX FOLLOWEDBY HERNIATION OF THE MENINGES AND ADJACENTBRAIN WITH PULSATIONS OF THE CSF. CT IS BEST ATDX THIS PATHOLOGY. INDICATES: GROWING FX AND ADJACENT ENCEPHALOMALACIA AS FOCALHYPOATTENUATING LESION.
  • CLINICALLY: PALPABLE CALVARIAL ENLARGEMENT, PAIN, NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS/SEIZURES. RX: NEUROSURGICAL CONSULT IS REQUIRED
  • DDX: INFILTRATING CELLS/METS/OTHER NEOPLASMSINTO SUTURES, EG, INFECTION ETC.
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • MANDIBULAR FXS: COMMON. POTENTIALLYCONSIDERED AN OPEN FX D/T INTRA-ORALEXTENSION. 40% FOCAL BREAK DESPITEMANDIBLE BEING A RING. DIRECT IMPACT(ASSAULT) M/C MECHANISM
  • PATHOLOGICAL FX D/T BONE NEOPLASMS, INFECTION ETC. IATROGENIC DURING ORAL SURGERY (TOOTH EXTRACTION)
  • IMAGING: MANDIBLE X-RAYS, PANOREX, CT SCANNING ESP. IN CASES OF ASSOCIATEDFACE/HEAD TRAUMA
  • COMPLICATIONS: AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, HEMOSTASIS IS A MAJOR CONSIDERATION, DAMAGE TO MANDIBULAR N, OSTEOMYELITIS/CELLULITIS AND POTENTIAL SPREAD THROUGH FLOOR OF THE MOUTH (LUDWIGANGINA) AND NECK FASCIAL SOFT TISSUES INTOMEDIASTINUM. CANNOT BE NEGLECTED D/T HIGH MORTALITY RATES.
  • RX: CONSERVATIVE VS. OPERATIVE

Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage

head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • EPI AKA EXTRADURAL: (EDH) TRAUMATIC RAPTURE OF MENINGEAL ARTERIES (MMA CLASSIC) WITH RAPIDLY FORMING HEMATOMA BETWEEN THE INNER SKULL AND OUTER DURA. CT SCANNING IS THE KEY TO DX: PRESENTS AS �LENTIFORM� I.E. BICONVEX COLLECTION OF ACUTE (HYPERDENSE) BLOOD THAT DOES NOT CROSSSUTURES AND HELPS WITH DDX OF A SUBDURAL HEMATOMA. CLINICALLY: HA, LUCID EPISODE INITIALLY AND DETERIORATING IN A FEW HOURS.COMPLICATIONS: BRAIN HERNIATION, CN PALSY. O/A GOOD PROGNOSIS IF QUICKLY EVACUATED.
  • SUBDURAL HEMATOMA (SDH): RAPTURE OF BRIDGINGVEINS BETWEEN INNER DURA AND THE ARACHNOID.SLOW BUT PROGRESSIVE BLEED. MAY PARTICULARLYAFFECT THE VERY YOUNG AND ELDERLY AND IN ALL AGES (MVA, FALLS ETC.) MAY DEVELOP IN �SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME�. DX MAY BE DELAYED AND WORSEN THE PROGNOSIS WITH HIGH FATALITIES. IN ELDERLY HEAD TRAUMA MAY BE MINOR OR NOT RECALLED. EARLYIMAGING WITH CT IS CRUCIAL. PRESENTS AS CRESCENTSHAPEDCOLLECTION THAT CAN CROSS SUTURES BUT STOPPED AT DURAL REFLECTIONS. DIFFERENTATTENUATION ON CT D/T DIFFERENT STAGES OF BLOODDECOMPOSITION: ACUTE, SUBACUTE,�AND CHRONIC.MAY FORM A CHRONIC COLLECTION-CYSTICHYGROMA. CLINICALLY: VARIABLE PRESENTATION, 45-60% PRESENT WITH SEVERELY DEPRESSED CNS STATUS, PUPILLARY INEQUALITY. OFTEN WITH INITIAL BRAIN CONTUSION, THEN A LUCID EPISODE BEFORE SEVERELYDETERIORATING. IN 30% CASES OF FATAL BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS HAD SDH. RX: URGENT NEUROSURGICAL.
head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH): BLOOD IN THE SUB-ARACHNOID SPACE AS THE RESULT OF TRAUMATIC OR NON-TRAUMATIC ETIOLOGY: BERRY ANEURYSMS AROUND CIRCLE OF WILLIS.SAH 3% OF STROKES, 5% OF FETAL STROKES.CLINICALLY: PRESENTS AS A �THUNDERCLAP HEADACHE� DESCRIBED AS A �WORST HA INLIFE�. PT COLLAPSES MAY OR MAY NOT REGAIN CONSCIOUSNESS. PATHOGY: DIFFUSE BLOOD INSA SPACE 1)SUPRASELLAR CISTERN WITH DIFFUSE PERIPHERAL EXTENSION, 2)�PERIMESENCEPHALIC, 3) BASAL CISTERNS. BLOOD LEAKED INTO SA SPACE UNDERARTERIAL PRESSURE INDUCES GLOBAL INCREASE IN INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, ACUTE GLOBAL ISCHEMIA WORSENED BY VASOSPASM AND OTHER CHANGES.
  • DX: IMAGING: URGENT CT SCANNING W/O CONTRAST, CT ANGIOGRAPHY MAY HELP TO RULE OUT 99% OF SAH. LUMBAR PUNCTUREMAY HELP IN DELAYED PRESENTATION. AFTER INITIAL DX: MR ANGIOGRAPHY HELPS TO FIND THE CAUSE AND OTHER IMPORTANT FEATURES
  • IMAGING FEATURES: ACUTE BLOOD IS HYPERDENSE ON CT. FOUND IN DIFFERENTCYSTERNS: PERIMESENCEPHALIC, SUPRASELLA, BASAL, VENTRICLES,
  • RX: INTRAVENOUS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDS, OSMOTIC AGENTS (MANNITOL) TO DECREASEICP. NEUROSURGICAL CLIPPING AND OTHER APPROACHES.

CNS Neoplasms: Benign vs. Malignant

head trauma imaging el paso tx.
  • BRAIN TUMORS REPRESENT 2% OF ALL CANCERS. ONE THIRD ARE MALIGNANT, OF WHICH METASTATIC BRAIN LESIONS ARE THE MOST COMMON
  • CLINICALLY PRESENT WITH LOCAL CNS ABNORMALITIES, INCREASED ICP, INTRACEREBRAL BLEEDING ETC. FAMILIALSYNDROMES: VON-HIPPEL-LANDAU, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS, TURCOT SYNDROME, NF1 & NF2 INCREASE THE RISK. IN CHILDREN: M/C ASTROCYTOMAS, EPENDYMOMAS, PNETNEOPLASMS (E.G. MEDULLOBLASTOMA) ETC. DX: BASED ON WHO CLASSIFICATION.
  • ADULTS: M/C BENIGN NEOPLASM: MENINGIOMA. M/C PRIMARY: GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM)METSESPECIALLY FROM LUNG, MELANOMA,�AND BREAST.OTHERS: CNS LYMPHOMA
  • IMAGING IS CRUCIAL: INITIAL SYMPTOMS MAY PRESENT AS SEIZURE, ICP SIGNS HA. EVALUATED BY CT AND MRI WITH IV GADOLINIUM.
  • IMAGING DETERMINES: INTRA-AXIAL VS. EXTRA-AXIALNEOPLASMS. METS FROM PRIMARY BRAIN NEOPLASMS MAYO CCUR VIA CSF AND LOCAL VESSELS INVASION
  • NOTE AXIAL CT SLICE OF MENINGIOMA WITH AVIDCONTRAST ENHANCEMENT.
  • AXIAL MRI ON FLAIR PULSE SEQUENCE REVEALED EXTENSIVE NEOPLASM AND MARKED CYTOTOXIC EDEMA OF THE BRAIN PARENCHYMA CHARACTERISTIC OF GRADE IV GLIOMA (GBM) WITH VERY POOR PROGNOSIS. ABOVE FAR RIGHT IMAGE: AXIAL MRI FLAIR: BRAIN METASTASIS FROM BREAST CANCER. MELANOMA IS COMMONLY METASTASIZESTO THE BRAIN (SEE PATH SPECIMEN) MRI CAN BE DIAGNOSTIC D/T HIGH SIGNAL ON T1 AND CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT.
  • RX: NEUROSURGICAL, RADIATION, CHEMOTHERAPY,�IMMUNOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES ARE EMERGING

Inflammatory CNS Pathology

head trauma imaging el paso tx.

CNS Infections

  • BACTERIAL
  • MYCOBACTERIAL
  • FUNGAL
  • VIRAL
  • PARASITIC
Concussions & Post-Concussion Syndrome

Concussions & Post-Concussion Syndrome

Concussions are traumatic brain injuries that affect brain function. Effects from these injuries are often temporary but can include headaches, problems with concentration, memory, balance and coordination. Concussions are usually caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking of the head and upper body. Some concussions cause loss of consciousness, but most do not. And it is possible to have a concussion and not realize it. Concussions are common in contact sports, such as football. However, most people gain a full recovery after a concussion.

Concussions

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

  • Most often the result of head trauma
  • Can also happen due to excessive shaking of the head or acceleration/deceleration
  • Mild injuries (mTBI/concussions) are the most common type of brain injury

Glasgow Coma Scale

concussions el paso tx.

Common Causes Of Concussion

  • Motor vehicle collisions
  • Falls
  • Sports injuries
  • Assault
  • Accidental or intentional discharge of weapons
  • Impact with objects

Blog Image Concussion Demonstration e

Prevention

Prevention of concussive injuries can be paramount

Encourage Patients To Wear Helmets
  • Competitive sports, especially boxing, hokey, football and baseball
  • Horseback riding
  • Riding bicycles, motorcycles, ATVs, etc.
  • High elevation activates such as rock climbing, zip lining
  • Skiing, snowboarding
Encourage Patients To Wear Seatbelts
  • Discuss the importance of wearing seatbelts at all times in vehicles with all of your patients
  • Also encourage use of appropriate booster or car seats for children to ensure adequate fit and function of seat belts.
Driving Safely
  • Patients should never drive while under the influence of drugs, including certain medications or alcohol
  • Never text and drive
concussions el paso tx.
Make Spaces Safer For Children
  • Install baby gates and window latches in the home
  • May in areas with shock-absorbing material, such as hardwood mulch or sand
  • Supervise children carefully, especially when they�re near water
Prevent Falls
  • Clearing tripping hazards such as loose rugs, uneven flooring or walkway clutter
  • Using nonslip mats in the bathtub and on shower floors, and installing grab bars next to the toilet, tub and shower
  • Ensure appropriate footwear
  • Installing handrails on both sides of stairways
  • Improving lighting throughout the home
  • Balance training exercises

Balance Training

  • Single leg balance
  • Bosu ball training
  • Core strengthening
  • Brain balancing exercises

Concussion Verbiage

Concussion vs. mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury)

  • mTBI is the term being used more commonly in medical settings, but concussion is a more largely recognized term in the community by sports coaches, etc.
  • The two terms describe the same basic thing, mTBI is a better term to use in your charting

Evaluating Concussion

  • Remember that there does not always have to be loss of consciousness for there to be a concussion
  • Post-Concussion Syndrome can occur without LOC as well
  • Symptoms of concussion may not be immediate and could take days to develop
  • Monitor for 48 post head injury watching for red flags
  • Use Acute concussion evaluation (ACE) form to gather information
  • Order imaging (CT/MRI) as needed if concussion red flags are present

Red Flags

Requires imaging (CT/MRI)

  • Headaches worsening
  • Patient appears drowsy or can�t be awakened
  • Has difficulty recognizing people or places
  • Neck pain
  • Seizure activity
  • Repeated vomiting
  • Increasing confusion or irritability
  • Unusual behavioral change
  • Focal neurologic signs
  • Slurred speech
  • Weakness or numbness in extremities
  • Change in state of consciousness

Common Symptoms Of Concussion

  • Headache or a sensation of pressure in the head
  • Loss of or alteration of consciousness
  • Blurred eyesight or other vision problems, such as dilated or uneven pupils
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Ringing in the ears
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Slurred speech
  • Delayed response to questions
  • Memory loss
  • Fatigue
  • Trouble concentrating
  • Continued or persistent memory loss
  • Irritability and other personality changes
  • Sensitivity to light and noise
  • Sleep problems
  • Mood swings, stress, anxiety or depression
  • Disorders of taste and smell
Concussions el paso tx.

Mental/Behavioral Changes

  • Verbal outbursts
  • Physical outbursts
  • Poor judgment
  • Impulsive behavior
  • Negativity
  • Intolerance
  • Apathy
  • Egocentricity
  • Rigidity and inflexibility
  • Risky behavior
  • Lack of empathy
  • Lack of motivation or initiative
  • Depression or anxiety

Symptoms In Children

  • Concussions can present differently in children
  • Excessive crying
  • Loss of appetite
  • Loss of interest in favorite toys or activities
  • Sleep issues
  • Vomiting
  • Irritability
  • Unsteadiness while standing

Amnesia

Memory loss and failure to form new memories

Retrograde Amnesia
  • Inability to remember things that happened before the injury
  • Due to failure in recall
Anterograde Amnesia
  • Inability to remember things that happened after the injury
  • Due to failure to formulate new memories
Even short memory losses can be predictive of outcome
  • Amnesia may be up to 4-10 times more predictive of symptoms and cognitive deficits following concussion than is LOC (less than 1 minute)

Return To Play Progression

WhyMeniscalTearsOccur ElPasoChiropractor
Baseline: No Symptoms
  • As the baseline step of the Return to Play Progression, the athlete needs to have completed physical and cognitive rest and not be experiencing concussion symptoms for a minimum of 48 hours. Keep in mind, the younger the athlete, the more conservative the treatment.
Step 1: Light Aerobic Activity
  • The Goal: Only to increase an athlete�s heart rate.
  • The Time: 5 to 10 minutes.
  • The Activities: Exercise bike, walking, or light jogging.
  • Absolutely no weight lifting, jumping or hard running.
Step 2: Moderate activity
  • The Goal: Limited body and head movement.
  • The Time: Reduced from typical routine.
  • The Activities: Moderate jogging, brief running, moderate-intensity stationary biking, and moderate-intensity weightlifting
Step 3: Heavy, non-contact activity
  • The Goal: More intense but non-contact
  • The Time: Close to typical routine
  • The Activities: Running, high-intensity stationary biking, the player�s regular weightlifting routine, and non- contact sport-specific drills. This stage may add some cognitive component to practice in addition to the aerobic and movement components introduced in Steps 1 and 2.
Step 4: Practice & full contact
  • The Goal: Reintegrate in full contact practice.
Step 5: Competition
  • The Goal: Return to competition.

Microglial Priming

After head trauma microglial cells are primed and can become over active

  • To combat this, you must mediate the inflammation cascade
Prevent repeated head trauma
  • Due to priming of the foam cells, response to follow-up trauma may be far more severe and damaging

What Is Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS)?

  • Symptoms following head trauma or mild traumatic brain injury, that can last weeks, months or years after injury
  • Symptoms persist longer than expected after initial concussion
  • More common in women and persons of advanced age who suffer head trauma
  • Severity of PCS often does not correlate to severity of head injury

PCS Symptoms

  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Loss of concentration and memory
  • Ringing in the ears
  • Blurry vision
  • Noise and light sensitivity
  • Rarely, decreases in taste and smell

Concussion Associated Risk Factors

  • Early symptoms of headache after injury
  • Mental changes such as amnesia or fogginess
  • Fatigue
  • Prior history of headaches

Evaluation Of PCS

PCS is a diagnosis of exclusion

  • If patient presents with symptoms after head injury, and other possible causes have been ruled out => PCS
  • Use appropriate testing and imaging studies to rule out other causes of symptoms

Headaches In PCS

Often �tension� type headache

Treat as you would for tension headache
  • Reduce stress
  • Improve stress coping skills
  • MSK treatment of the cervical and thoracic regions
  • Constitutional hydrotherapy
  • Adrenal supportive/adaptogenic herbs
Can be migraine, especially in people who had pre-existing migraine conditions prior to injury
  • Reduce inflammatory load
  • Consider management with supplements and or medications
  • Reduce light and sound exposure if there is sensitivity

Dizziness In PCS

  • After head trauma, always assess for BPPV, as this is the most common type of vertigo after trauma
  • Dix-Hallpike maneuver to diagnose
  • Epley�s maneuver for treatment

Light & Sound Sensitivity

Hypersensitivity to light and sound is common in PCS and typically exacerbates other symptoms such as headache and anxiety
Management of excess mesencephalon stimulation is crucial in such cases
  • Sunglasses
  • Other light blocking glasses
  • Earplugs
  • Cotton in ears

Treatment Of PCS

Manage each symptom individually as you otherwise would

Manage CNS inflammation
  • Curcumin
  • Boswelia
  • Fish oil/Omega-3s � (***after r/o bleed)
Cognitive behavioral therapy
  • Mindfulness & relaxation training
  • Acupuncture
  • Brain balancing physical therapy exercises
  • Refer for psychological evaluation/treatment
  • Refer to mTBI specialist

mTBI Specialists

  • mTBI is difficult to treat and is an entire specialty both in the allopathic and complementary medicine
  • Primary objective is to recognize and refer for appropriate care
  • Pursue training in mTBI or plan to refer to TBI specialists

Sources

  1. �A Head for the Future.� DVBIC, 4 Apr. 2017, dvbic.dcoe.mil/aheadforthefuture.
  2. Alexander G. Reeves, A. & Swenson, R. Disorders of the Nervous System. Dartmouth, 2004.
  3. �Heads Up to Health Care Providers.� Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 Feb. 2015, www.cdc.gov/headsup/providers/.
  4. �Post-Concussion Syndrome.� Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 28 July 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post- concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352.
Expectant Mothers Benefit From Chiropractic Care

Expectant Mothers Benefit From Chiropractic Care

Expectant Mothers: Pregnancy is an exciting, precious time in a woman’s life, full of new experiences. Unfortunately, the baby’s development brings about bodily changes that often wreak havoc on the back and joints, and end up causing pain. These issues also frequently cause issues during delivery, and increase the time it takes for the body to recover post-pregnancy.

Expectant moms benefit from chiropractic care in a number of ways. Here are five key ways chiropractic care helps alleviate the toll pregnancy takes on a woman’s body.

#1: Expectant Mothers: Chiropractic Keeps The Spine In Alignment.

Pregnancy adds significant additional weight to a woman’s body in a short amount of time. This change bears on the spine, frequently pulling it out of alignment.

When this happens, the pain can be quite severe. Chiropractic care during pregnancy works to keep the spine in alignment and all supporting tendons working optimally, to be better prepared and able to adequately support the extra weight.

#2: Chiropractic Reduces Need For Pain Relievers.

Most times, individuals experiencing moderate pain pop a couple of over the counter pain relievers and think nothing of it. However, pregnant women strive to avoid medications when possible.

Chiropractic adjustments decrease the underlying issues that cause pain, so the patient relies less on medications. Experiencing less pain as well as eliminating the need for pain killers is a win-win situation for expectant mothers.

expectant#3: Chiropractic Strengthens And Repairs Joints.

Pregnancy really beats up an expectant mothers joints. Chiropractic care for expectant mothers is a productive way to minimize the effect the large, protruding abdomen has on her hips, legs, and ankles.

Treating the body as a whole, chiropractic treatment works to strengthen the body and promotes healing of injured or strained areas.

#4: Chiropractic Helps Achieve Pelvic Alignment.

An aligned pelvis is critical to the birthing process, and increases the chances of being able to give birth naturally. According to the American Pregnancy Association,

“When the pelvis is misaligned it may reduce the amount of room available for the developing baby. This restriction is called intrauterine constraint. A misaligned pelvis may also make it difficult for the baby to get into the best possible position for delivery. This can affect the mother�s ability to have a natural, non-invasive birth.”

An experienced chiropractor can effectively align the pelvis before delivery, so the mother is able to deliver with little incident.

#5: Chiropractic Increases The Body’s Ability To Bounce Back.

Let’s face it, every pregnant woman thinks “will I ever fit in the clingy red dress again?” The healthier and stronger a woman’s body is before and during pregnancy, the easier it is to get back into shape once the baby is born. Eating right and safely exercising are effective ways to accomplish this.

Chiropractic care is also a valuable component to fitness. Expectant mothers who choose chiropractic enjoy better posture, less pain, and increased mobility, especially late in the third trimester.

This allows them to maintain exercise routines and be active longer than those suffering from back pain and achy joints. After the delivery, it’s easier to get back into a fitness routine, and into that red dress, if the new mother’s joints, back, and hips are aligned and functioning properly.

Chiropractic care can serve to reduce pain and increase the overall heath of expectant mothers, letting her relax and focus on the more pleasant aspects of pregnancy. Expecting women who commit to chiropractic care can look forward to a stronger body, the chances of a smoother delivery, and an easier recovery after the baby comes.

Pregnancy & Chiropractic Care

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