Name: El Paso Back Clinic | Spine Specialists - El Paso, TX
Price range: $$

Severe Back Pain

Back Clinic Severe Back Pain Treatment Team. Severe back pain goes beyond the pain that is above the normal sprain and strain. Severe back pain requires in-depth assessment due to the cause/s or ideology that is not easily diagnosed or apparent. This requires additional diagnostic procedures in order to determine the cause of the severity presentations. Nociceptive and neuropathic pain can be further broken down into acute and chronic pain, which differ in form and function.

With acute pain, the severity of pain depends on the level of tissue damage. Individuals have a protective reflex in avoiding this kind of pain. With this type of pain, there is a reflex to pull back quickly after moving or being in a certain position. Acute pain can be a sign of injured or diseased tissue. Once the problem is cured the pain is cured. Acute pain is a form of nociceptive pain. With chronic pain, the nerves continue to send pain messages after the earlier tissue damage has healed. Neuropathy falls into this type.

Evaluation of the Patient with Hip Pain

by spinedoctors | Back Pain, Chiropractic Examination, Chronic Back Pain, Chronic Pain, Health, Lower Back Pain, Research Studies, Screening Tests, Severe Back Pain, Spine Care, Treatments, Wellness

Hip pain is a well-known health issue which can be caused by a wide array of problems, however, the site of the patient’s hip pain can provide valuable information regarding the underlying cause of this common health issue. Pain on the inside of the hip or groin can be due to problems within the hip joint itself while pain on the outside of the hip, upper thigh and outer buttocks may be due to problems with the ligaments, tendons and muscles, among other soft tissues, surrounding the hip joint. Furthermore, hip pain can be due to other injuries and conditions, including back pain.

Abstract

Hip pain is a common and disabling condition that affects patients of all ages. The differential diagnosis of hip pain is broad, presenting a diagnostic challenge. Patients often express that their hip pain is localized to one of three anatomic regions: the anterior hip and groin, the posterior hip and buttock, or the lateral hip. Anterior hip and groin pain is commonly associated with intra-articular pathology, such as osteoarthritis and hip labral tears. Posterior hip pain is associated with piriformis syndrome, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, lumbar radiculopathy, and less commonly ischiofemoral impingement and vascular claudication. Lateral hip pain occurs with greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Clinical examination tests, although helpful, are not highly sensitive or specific for most diagnoses; however, a rational approach to the hip examination can be used. Radiography should be performed if acute fracture, dislocations, or stress fractures are suspected. Initial plain radiography of the hip should include an anteroposterior view of the pelvis and frog-leg lateral view of the symptomatic hip. Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed if the history and plain radiograph results are not diagnostic. Magnetic resonance imaging is valuable for the detection of occult traumatic fractures, stress fractures, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Magnetic resonance arthrography is the diagnostic test of choice for labral tears.

Introduction

Hip pain is a common presentation in primary care and can affect patients of all ages. In one study, 14.3% of adults 60 years and older reported significant hip pain on most days over the previous six weeks.1 Hip pain often presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The differential diagnosis of hip pain (eTable A) is broad, including both intra-articular and extra-articular pathology, and varies by age. A history and physical examination are essential to accurately diagnose the cause of hip pain.

Anatomy

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint designed to allow multiaxial motion while transferring loads between the upper and lower body. The acetabular rim is lined by fibrocartilage (labrum), which adds depth and stability to the femoroacetabular joint. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage that dissipates shear and compressive forces during load bearing and hip motion. The hip’s major innervating nerves originate in the lumbosacral region, which can make it difficult to distinguish between primary hip pain and radicular lumbar pain.

The hip joint’s wide range of motion is second only to that of the glenohumeral joint and is enabled by the large number of muscle groups that surround the hip. The flexor muscles include the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, pectineus, and sartorius muscles. The gluteus maximus and hamstring muscle groups allow for hip extension. Smaller muscles, such as gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, obturator externus and internus, and quadratus femoris muscles, insert around the greater trochanter, allowing for abduction, adduction, and internal and external rotation.

In persons who are skeletally immature, there are several growth centers of the pelvis and femur where injuries can occur. Potential sites of apophyseal injury in the hip region include the ischium, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, iliac crest, lesser trochanter, and greater trochanter. The apophysis of the superior iliac spine matures last and is susceptible to injury up to 25 years of age.2

The hip joint is one of the larger joints found in the human body and it serves in locomotion as the thigh moves forward and backward. The hip joint also rotates when sitting and with changes of direction while walking. A variety of complex structures surround the hip joint. When an injury or condition affects these, it can ultimately lead to hip pain.

Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T.

Evaluation of Hip Pain

History

Age alone can narrow the differential diagnosis of hip pain. In prepubescent and adolescent patients, congenital malformations of the femoroacetabular joint, avulsion fractures, and apophyseal or epiphyseal injuries should be considered. In those who are skeletally mature, hip pain is often a result of musculotendinous strain, ligamentous sprain, contusion, or bursitis. In older adults, degenerative osteoarthritis and fractures should be considered first.

Patients with hip pain should be asked about antecedent trauma or inciting activity, factors that increase or decrease the pain, mechanism of injury, and time of onset. Questions related to hip function, such as the ease of getting in and out of a car, putting on shoes, running, walking, and going up and down stairs, can be helpful.3 Location of the pain is informative because hip pain often localizes to one of three basic anatomic regions: the anterior hip and groin, posterior hip and buttock, and lateral hip (eFigure A).

Physical Examination

The hip examination should evaluate the hip, back, abdomen, and vascular and neurologic systems. It should start with a gait analysis and stance assessment (Figure 1), followed by evaluation of the patient in seated, supine, lateral, and prone positions (Figures 2 through 6, and eFigure B). Physical examination tests for the evaluation of hip pain are summarized in Table 1.

Imaging

Radiography. Radiography of the hip should be performed if there is any suspicion of acute fracture, dislocation, or stress fracture. Initial plain radiography of the hip should include an anteroposterior view of the pelvis and a frog-leg lateral view of the symptomatic hip.4

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthrography. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip can detect many soft tissue abnormalities, and is the preferred imaging modality if plain radiography does not identify specific pathology in a patient with persistent pain.5 Conventional MRI has a sensitivity of 30% and an accuracy of 36% for diagnosing hip labral tears, whereas magnetic resonance arthrography provides added sensitivity of 90% and accuracy of 91% for the detection of labral tears.6,7

Ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is a useful technique for evaluating individual tendons, confirming suspected bursitis, and identifying joint effusions and functional causes of hip pain.8 Ultrasonography is especially useful for safely and accurately performing imaging-guided injections and aspirations around the hip.9 It is ideal for an experienced ultrasonographer to perform the diagnostic study; however, emerging evidence suggests that less experienced clinicians with appropriate training can make diagnoses with reliability similar to that of an experienced musculoskeletal ultrasonographer.10,11

These are numerous causes for hip pain. Although some hip pain may only be temporary, other forms of hip pain can become chronic if left untreated for an extended period of time. Several common causes of hip pain include, arthritis, fracture, sprain, avascular necrosis, Gaucher’s disease, sciatica, muscle strain, iliotibial band syndrome or IT band syndrome and hematoma, among others described below.

Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T.

Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Hip Pain

Anterior hip or groin pain suggests involvement of the hip joint itself. Patients often localize pain by cupping the anterolateral hip with the thumb and forefinger in the shape of a �C.� This is known as the C sign (Figure 1A).

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most likely diagnosis in older adults with limited motion and gradual onset of symptoms. Patients have a constant, deep, aching pain and stiffness that are worse with prolonged standing and weight bearing. Examination reveals decreased range of motion, and extremes of hip motion often cause pain. Plain radiographs demonstrate the presence of asymmetrical joint-space narrowing, osteophytosis, and subchondral sclerosis and cyst formation.12

Femoroacetabular Impingement

Patients with femoroacetabular impingement are often young and physically active. They describe insidious onset of pain that is worse with sitting, rising from a seat, getting in or out of a car, or leaning forward.13 The pain is located primarily in the groin with occasional radiation to the lateral hip and anterior thigh.14 The FABER test (flexion, abduction, external rotation; Figure 3) has a sensitivity of 96% to 99%. The FADIR test (flexion, adduction, internal rotation; Figure 4), log roll test (Figure 5), and straight leg raise against resistance test (Figure 6) are also effective, with sensitivities of 88%, 56%, and 30%, respectively.14,15 In addition to the anteroposterior and lateral radiograph views, a Dunn view should be obtained to help detect subtle lesions.16

Hip Labral Tear

Hip labral tears cause dull or sharp groin pain, and one-half of patients with a labral tear have pain that radiates to the lateral hip, anterior thigh, and buttock. The pain usually has an insidious onset, but occasionally begins acutely after a traumatic event. About one-half of patients with this injury also have mechanical symptoms, such as catching or painful clicking with activity.17 The FADIR and FABER tests are effective for detecting intra-articular pathology (the sensitivity is 96% to 75% for the FADIR test and is 88% for the FABER test), although neither test has high specificity.14,15,18 Magnetic resonance arthrography is considered the diagnostic test of choice for labral tears.6,19 However, if a labral tear is not suspected, other less invasive imaging modalities, such as plain radiography and conventional MRI, should be used first to rule out other causes of hip and groin pain.

Iliopsoas Bursitis (Internal Snapping Hip)

Patients with this condition have anterior hip pain when extending the hip from a flexed position, often associated with intermittent catching, snapping, or popping of the hip.20 Dynamic real-time ultrasonography is particularly useful in evaluating the various forms of snapping hip.8

Occult or Stress Fracture

Occult or stress fracture of the hip should be considered if trauma or repetitive weight-bearing exercise is involved, even if plain radiograph results are negative.21 Clinically, these injuries cause anterior hip or groin pain that is worse with activity.21 Pain may be present with extremes of motion, active straight leg raise, the log roll test, or hopping.22 MRI is useful for the detection of occult traumatic fractures and stress fractures not seen on plain radiographs.23

Transient Synovitis and Septic Arthritis

Acute onset of atraumatic anterior hip pain that results in impaired weight bearing should raise suspicion for transient synovitis and septic arthritis. Risk factors for septic arthritis in adults include age older than 80 years, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, recent joint surgery, and hip or knee prostheses.24 Fever, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level should be used to evaluate the risk of septic arthritis.25,26 MRI is useful for differentiating septic arthritis from transient synovitis.27,28 However, hip aspiration using guided imaging such as fluoroscopy, computed tomography, or ultrasonography is recommended if a septic joint is suspected.29

Osteonecrosis

Legg-Calv�-Perthes disease is an idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children two to 12 years of age, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1.4 In adults, risk factors for osteonecrosis include systemic lupus erythematosus, sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, smoking, alcoholism, and corticosteroid use.30,31 Pain is the presenting symptom and is usually insidious. Range of motion is initially preserved but can become limited and painful as the disease progresses.32 MRI is valuable in the diagnosis and prognostication of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.30,33

Differential Diagnosis of Posterior Hip and Buttock Pain

Piriformis Syndrome and Ischiofemoral Impingement

Piriformis syndrome causes buttock pain that is aggravated by sitting or walking, with or without ipsilateral radiation down the posterior thigh from sciatic nerve compression.34,35 Pain with the log roll test is the most sensitive test, but tenderness with palpation of the sciatic notch can help with the diagnosis.35

Ischiofemoral impingement is a less well-understood condition that can lead to nonspecific buttock pain with radiation to the posterior thigh.36,37 This condition is thought to be a result of impingement of the quadratus femoris muscle between the lesser trochanter and the ischium.

Unlike sciatica from disc herniation, piriformis syndrome and ischiofemoral impingement are exacerbated by active external hip rotation. MRI is useful for diagnosing these conditions.38

Other

Other causes of posterior hip pain include sacroiliac joint dysfunction,39 lumbar radiculopathy,40 and vascular claudication.41 The presence of a limp, groin pain, and limited internal rotation of the hip is more predictive of hip disorders than disorders originating from the low back.42

Differential Diagnosis of Lateral Hip Pain

Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

Lateral hip pain affects 10% to 25% of the general population.43 Greater trochanteric pain syndrome refers to pain over the greater trochanter. Several disorders of the lateral hip can lead to this type of pain, including iliotibial band thickening, bursitis, and tears of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle attachment.43�45 Patients may have mild morning stiffness and may be unable to sleep on the affected side. Gluteus minimus and medius injuries present with pain in the posterior lateral aspect of the hip as a result of partial or full-thickness tearing at the gluteal insertion. Most patients have an atraumatic, insidious onset of symptoms from repetitive use.43,45,46

In conclusion, hip pain is a common complaint which may occur due to a wide variety of health issues. Moreover, the precise location of the patient’s hip pain can provide valuable information to healthcare professionals regarding the underlying cause of the problem. The purpose of the article above was to demonstrate and discuss the evaluation of the patient with hip pain. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic as well as to spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at�915-850-0900�.

Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez

Data Sources: We searched articles on hip pathology in American Family Physician, along with their references. We also searched the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence Reports, Clinical Evidence, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, and UpToDate. We performed a PubMed search using the keywords greater trochanteric pain syndrome, hip pain physical examination, imaging femoral hip stress fractures, imaging hip labral tear, imaging osteomyelitis, ischiofemoral impingement syndrome, meralgia paresthetica review, MRI arthrogram hip labrum, septic arthritis systematic review, and ultrasound hip pain. Search dates: March and April 2011, and August 15, 2013.

Author Information:�Aafp.org

Additional Topics: Acute Back Pain

Back pain�is one of the most prevalent causes of disability and missed days at work worldwide. Back pain attributes to the second most common reason for doctor office visits, outnumbered only by upper-respiratory infections. Approximately 80 percent of the population will experience back pain at least once throughout their life. The spine is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles, among other soft tissues. Because of this, injuries and/or aggravated conditions, such as�herniated discs, can eventually lead to symptoms of back pain. Sports injuries or automobile accident injuries are often the most frequent cause of back pain, however, sometimes the simplest of movements can have painful results. Fortunately, alternative treatment options, such as chiropractic care, can help ease back pain through the use of spinal adjustments and manual manipulations, ultimately improving pain relief.

EXTRA IMPORTANT TOPIC: Hip Pain Chiropractic Treatment

Blank

References

1.�Christmas C, Crespo CJ, Franckowiak SC, et al. How common is hip pain among older adults? Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.�J Fam Pract. 2002;51(4):345�348.

2.�Rossi F, Dragoni S. Acute avulsion fractures of the pelvis in adolescent competitive athletes.�Skeletal Radiol. 2001;30(3):127�131.

3.�Martin HD, Shears SA, Palmer IJ. Evaluation of the hip.�Sports Med Arthrosc. 2010;18(2):63�75.

4.�Gough-Palmer A, McHugh K. Investigating hip pain in a well child.�BMJ. 2007;334(7605):1216�1217.

5.�Bencardino JT, Palmer WE. Imaging of hip disorders in athletes.�Radiol Clin North Am. 2002;40(2):267�287.

6.�Czerny C, Hofmann S, Neuhold A, et al. Lesions of the acetabular labrum: accuracy of MR imaging and MR arthrography in detection and staging.�Radiology. 1996;200(1):225�230.

7.�Czerny C, Hofmann S, Urban M, et al. MR arthrography of the adult acetabular capsular-labral complex.�AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173(2):345�349.

8.�Deslandes M, Guillin R, Cardinal E, et al. The snapping iliopsoas tendon: new mechanisms using dynamic sonography.�AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(3):576�581.

9.�Blankenbaker DG, De Smet AA. Hip injuries in athletes.�Radiol Clin North Am. 2010;48(6):1155�1178.

10.�Balint PV, Sturrock RD. Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility in musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging measurements.�Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19(1):89�92.

11.�Ramwadhdoebe S, Sakkers RJ, Uiterwaal CS, et al. Evaluation of a training program for general ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in preventive child health care.�Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40(10):1634�1639.

12.�Altman R, Alarc�n G, Appelrouth D, et al. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hip.�Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34(5):505�514.

13.�Banerjee P, McLean CR. Femoroacetabular impingement.�Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2011;4(1):23�32.

14.�Clohisy JC, Knaus ER, Hunt DM, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with symptomatic anterior hip impingement.�Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):638�644.

15.�Ito K, Leunig M, Ganz R. Histopathologic features of the acetabular labrum in femoroacetabular impingement.�Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;(429):262�271.

16.�Beall DP, Sweet CF, Martin HD, et al. Imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.�Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34(11):691�701.

17.�Burnett RS, Della Rocca GJ, Prather H, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with tears of the acetabular labrum.�J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(7):1448�1457.

18.�Leunig M, Werlen S, Ungersb�ck A, et al. Evaluation of the acetabular labrum by MR arthrography [published correction appears in�J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997;79(4):693].�J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997;79(2):230�234.

19.�Groh MM, Herrera J. A comprehensive review of hip labral tears.�Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2009;2(2):105�117.

20.�Blankenbaker DG, De Smet AA, Keene JS. Sonography of the iliopsoas tendon and injection of the iliopsoas bursa for diagnosis and management of the painful snapping hip.�Skeletal Radiol. 2006;35(8):565�571.

21.�Egol KA, Koval KJ, Kummer F, et al. Stress fractures of the femoral neck.�Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;(348):72�78.

22.�Fullerton LR Jr, Snowdy HA. Femoral neck stress fractures.�Am J Sports Med. 1988;16(4):365�377.

23.�Newberg AH, Newman JS. Imaging the painful hip.�Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;(406):19�28.

24.�Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, et al. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis?�JAMA. 2007;297(13):1478�1488.

25.�Eich GF, Superti-Furga A, Umbricht FS, et al. The painful hip: evaluation of criteria for clinical decision-making.�Eur J Pediatr. 1999;158(11):923�928.

26.�Kocher MS, Zurakowski D, Kasser JR. Differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children.�J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81(12):1662�1670.

27.�Learch TJ, Farooki S. Magnetic resonance imaging of septic arthritis.�Clin Imaging. 2000;24(4):236�242.

28.�Lee SK, Suh KJ, Kim YW, et al. Septic arthritis versus transient synovitis at MR imaging.�Radiology. 1999;211(2):459�465.

29.�Leopold SS, Battista V, Oliverio JA. Safety and efficacy of intraarticular hip injection using anatomic landmarks.�Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001; (391):192�197.

30.�Mitchell DG, Rao VM, Dalinka MK, et al. Femoral head avascular necrosis: correlation of MR imaging, radiographic staging, radionuclide imaging, and clinical findings.�Radiology. 1987;162(3):709�715.

31.�Mont MA, Zywiel MG, Marker DR, et al. The natural history of untreated asymptomatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.�J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(12):2165�2170.

32.�Assouline-Dayan Y, Chang C, Greenspan A, et al. Pathogenesis and natural history of osteonecrosis.�Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002;32(2):94�124.

33.�Totty WG, Murphy WA, Ganz WI, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal and ischemic femoral head.�AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;143(6):1273�1280.

34.�Kirschner JS, Foye PM, Cole JL. Piriformis syndrome, diagnosis and treatment.�Muscle Nerve. 2009;40(1):10�18.

35.�Hopayian K, Song F, Riera R, et al. The clinical features of the piriformis syndrome.�Eur Spine J. 2010;19(12):2095�2109.

36.�Torriani M, Souto SC, Thomas BJ, et al. Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome.�AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(1):186�190.

37.�Ali AM, Whitwell D, Ostlere SJ. Case report: imaging and surgical treatment of a snapping hip due to ischiofemoral impingement.�Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(5):653�656.

38.�Lee EY, Margherita AJ, Gierada DS, et al. MRI of piriformis syndrome.�AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183(1):63�64.

39.�Slipman CW, Jackson HB, Lipetz JS, et al. Sacroiliac joint pain referral zones.�Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(3):334�338.

40.�Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM.�Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.

41.�Adlakha S, Burket M, Cooper C. Percutaneous intervention for chronic total occlusion of the internal iliac artery for unrelenting buttock claudication.�Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;74(2):257�259.

42.�Brown MD, Gomez-Marin O, Brookfield KF, et al. Differential diagnosis of hip disease versus spine disease.�Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004; (419):280�284.

43.�Segal NA, Felson DT, Torner JC, et al.; Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study Group. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome.�Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(8):988�992.

44.�Strauss EJ, Nho SJ, Kelly BT. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome.�Sports Med Arthrosc. 2010;18(2):113�119.

45.�Williams BS, Cohen SP. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome.�Anesth Analg. 2009;108(5):1662�1670.

46.�Tibor LM, Sekiya JK. Differential diagnosis of pain around the hip joint.�Arthroscopy. 2008;24(12):1407�1421.

Close Accordion

Health Benefits Of Working Upright

by Dr Alex Jimenez | Chronic Back Pain, Conditions Treated, El Paso Chiropractic News, Severe Back Pain, Work Related Injuries

Sitting at a desk for extended periods of time is not healthy and can lead to a host of health problems. As more and more studies show the detriments of prolonged sitting, some companies are taking action to protect their employees� health by installing upright work stations. These desks take the person from a seated position and move them into one where they are leaning. As a result, most of the workers are enjoying several health benefits.

Health Benefits

It Facilitates Healthy Postural Transitions

Simply put, postural transitions are the body movements made when changing positions. There are large movements like going from sitting to standing, standing to leaning, and standing to sitting, but also small movements like adjusting arm placement or moving a foot.

Ergonomists suggest that a person should be making postural transitions several time an hour. They also recommend that people avoid any static position such as standing, sitting, or leaning for an extended period of time, instead advocating a transition or movement every 20 minutes when possible.

Static positioning has been linked to obesity, heart disease, and other health conditions. When the body is positioned in such a way that facilitates healthy movement, the body moves more often and in a more natural way. This is not likely to happen with static positioning, especially prolonged sitting.

It Improves Spine Health

Sitting or standing for long periods of time is not good for the spine. When a person stands or sits without any healthy postural transitions the spine can begin to compact and the discs become hard. This undermines the spines ability to adequately support the body, leading to loss of mobility, decreased flexibility, and pain.

The spine is made up of small bones, vertebrae, which are cushioned by spongy, fluid filled discs. In a healthy spine, the discs are filled with fluid providing a good cushion for the vertebrae as they move and support the body. However, the discs need movement to encourage blood flow so they can continue working as they should. Working upright facilitates those movements, thus decreasing the likelihood of spinal problems.

It Discourages Painful Posture

Standing and sitting for prolonged periods of time can cause pain and certain mobility problems. While they share some pain points, each brings its own problems. A strained neck and stiff, sore shoulders are often associated with sitting and standing, usually due to improper computer monitor placement. Poor leg circulation, tight hips, and lower back pain are also common problems of people who do a lot of standing or sitting on their jobs.

Using an upright workstation moves the body into a more natural, healthier posture that encourages natural, frequent movement. The spine is properly aligned over the hips, the hips are open, and the feet are adequately supported. It promotes posture that is completely contrary to being hunched over a desk � the typical posture for a sitting workstation.

It Keeps Core Muscles Engaged

When in a seated position, the core muscles are mostly lax and rarely engaged. Over time, these muscles can actually be trained to become weak, or lazy and not engage as they should. This means that they stop supporting the back and body which leads to poor posture, loss of balance, lack of mobility, decrease in flexibility, and pain.

Working upright encourages micro movements that engage the core. It�s not like crunches at the gym, but more like an ongoing mini-workout that keeps the core muscles toned and supportive. The results are a healthier spine, fewer gastrointestinal problems, better posture, and improved circulation.

Other health benefits of working upright include a decreased risk of certain cancers like colon cancer and breast cancer, improved circulation, better brain function, and a decreased risk of health conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. Working upright is the most natural position for the body�s best function and health.

Health Benefits: Chiropractic Care Crossfit Rehabilitation

Severe Back Pain Chiropractic Treatment

by Dr Alex Jimenez | Auto Accident Injuries, Back Pain, Clinical Case Reports, Severe Back Pain, Testimonies, Video

Gale Grijalva suffered from severe back pain as a result of an automobile accident injury. Where it was once very difficult to go about her regular daily tasks, Gale Grijalva is now able to participate in physical activities she wasn’t able to engage in before thanks to Dr. Alex Jimenez, chiropractor in El Paso, TX. Gale Grijalva describes how patient Dr. Jimenez is and she discusses how thoroughly he’s been able to help her, including answering any concerns she may have. Gale Grijalva also experienced results through rehabilitation.

Chiropractic Severe Back Pain Treatment

Severe chronic back pain is a serious, recurring condition which affects a person’s everyday life. Back pain lasting over three months is considered chronic. The spine is an essential component of the body. Severe chronic back pain might be the backbone’s manner of telling the body that there is an issue. The spine is composed of bony vertebrae, soft spinal discs, facet joints, tendons, ligaments and tendons. Within the bony vertebral artery lies the spinal cord, the delicate but effective nerve pathway of the central nervous system.

We are blessed to present to you�El Paso�s Premier Wellness & Injury Care Clinic.

Our services are specialized and focused on injuries and the complete recovery process.�Our areas of practice include:�Wellness & Nutrition, Chronic Pain,�Personal Injury,�Auto Accident Care, Work Injuries, Back Injury, Low�Back Pain, Neck Pain, Migraine Headaches, Sport Injuries,�Severe Sciatica, Scoliosis, Complex Herniated Discs,�Fibromyalgia, Chronic Pain, Stress Management, and Complex Injuries.

As El Paso�s Chiropractic Rehabilitation Clinic & Integrated Medicine Center,�we passionately are focused treating patients after frustrating injuries and chronic pain syndromes. We focus on improving your ability through flexibility, mobility and agility programs tailored for all age groups and disabilities.

If you have enjoyed this video and/or we have helped you in any way please feel free to subscribe and recommend�us.

Recommend: Dr. Alex Jimenez � Chiropractor

Health Grades: www.healthgrades.com/review/3SDJ4

Facebook Clinical Page: www.facebook.com/dralexjimene…

Facebook Sports Page: www.facebook.com/pushasrx/

Facebook Injuries Page: www.facebook.com/elpasochirop…

Facebook Neuropathy Page: www.facebook.com/ElPasoNeurop…

Yelp: goo.gl/pwY2n2

Clinical Testimonies: www.dralexjimenez.com/categor…

Information: Dr. Alex Jimenez � Chiropractor

Clinical Site: www.dralexjimenez.com

Injury Site: personalinjurydoctorgroup.com

Sports Injury Site: chiropracticscientist.com

Back Injury Site: elpasobackclinic.com

Linked In: www.linkedin.com/in/dralexjim…

Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/dralexjimenez/

Twitter: twitter.com/dralexjimenez

Twitter: twitter.com/crossfitdoctor

Recommend: PUSH-as-Rx ��

Rehabilitation Center: www.pushasrx.com

Facebook: www.facebook.com/PUSHftinessa…

PUSH-as-Rx: www.push4fitness.com/team/

Understanding Back Pain and Sciatica

by Dr Alex Jimenez | Back Pain, Chiropractic, Chronic Back Pain, Lower Back Pain, Sciatica, Sciatica Nerve Pain, Severe Back Pain, Spine Care, Treatments

One of my friends recommended me, over and over, and just extended how good he�(Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C.) was. So I gave it a shot. I had really bad sciatica and it was killing me, I couldn’t walk, but he has been helping me out, I can walk now… I couldn’t walk more than 25 yards, it (sciatica) was really affecting me. I had to get some help. I can’t say enough about Dr. Jimenez, he’s been helping me out, I can walk.

Edgar M. Reyes

According to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, approximately 75 to 85 percent of individuals in the United States alone will experience some form of back pain throughout their lifetime, where 50 percent will suffer more than one episode within a year. Back pain is one of the most common complaints frequently reported among the general population and it is often a symptom which could indicate the presence of another underlying condition. Back pain can be caused by a variety of factors, some due to bad habits, such as improper posture, and others due to injuries from accidents. Other health issues, such as degenerative disc disease, or DDD, and arthritis can also result in back pain.�While the causes can vary, they share the same symptoms.

Bak pain can include upper back pain, middle back pain and lower back pain, often connected to sciatica, or sciatic nerve pain, a condition characterized by the compression or impingement of the sciatic nerve found in the low back. Back pain and sciatica have been closely associated with several common health issues. Often times, sciatica, or sciatic nerve pain, is caused by an underlying health issue along the lumbar spine. The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in the human body, which connects to nerve roots in the region of the lower back and runs through the buttocks, down along the hips and into the back of each leg. Further sections of this nerve then branch out from the calf to the foot and into the toes. Sciatica can be identified by the following symptoms.

Low back pain which radiates down one or both legs
Leg and/or foot pain along with tingling and burning sensations
Numbness in the leg, feet and/or toes
Persistent pain and discomfort on one or both sides of the buttocks
Intense painful symptoms in the lower extremities
Having difficulties when sitting and while getting up

It’s essential to understand that back pain and sciatica are not generally considered to be a specific health issue themselves but rather, they are usually only considered to be a collection of several symptoms associated with an underlying injury and/or condition. A proper diagnosis of the root cause of your symptoms is additionally important in order to safely and effectively treat back pain and sciatica. As mentioned above, numerous factors can cause back pain and sciatica symptoms. Below, we will discuss some of the most common spine health issues which can cause back pain and sciatica, including degenerative disc disease, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar herniated disc and spondylolisthesis. Approximately 90 percent of sciatica cases are due to disc herniations.

Degenerative Disc Disease

The degeneration of the intervertebral discs, found between each vertebrae of the spine, is a natural process which often occurs with age, while for some individuals, however, it can begin to develop earlier than usual. In a healthy spine, the intervertebral discs function as shock absorbers between the bones of the spine, which ultimately provide height and allow the back to remain flexible while resisting forces. As we begin to get older, these rubbery discs begin to shrink and lose integrity. Almost everyone will demonstrate signs of wear-and-tear along their spinal discs over time, but not everyone will experience degenerative disc disease, or DDD. Although not actually a disease, DDD refers to a condition in which pain with the degeneration of the intervertebral discs.

One or more degenerated discs along the length of the spine may irritate a nerve root and cause sciatica. This condition is commonly characterized when a reduced disc becomes exposed. Bone spurs can also develop with disc degeneration and can lead to sciatica. Symptoms of degenerative disc disease, or DDD, frequently occur along the lower back, however, they can also develop in the neck, depending on the location of the degenerated discs. Common symptoms of DDD include, pain and discomfort, particularly when sitting, bending, lifting or twisting, tingling sensations and/or numbness in the extremities, and lessened symptoms when walking and moving, as in with changing positions or lying down. Weakness in the leg muscles or foot drop may be a sign that there is damage to the nerve root.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Another common cause of back pain and sciatica is lumbar spinal stenosis. The natural degeneration of the spine which occurs with age can cause a variety of changes to the spine. Lumbar spinal stenosis is brought on by a gradual narrowing of the spinal canal that is common in the aging process and it generally affects people over the age of 50. When the space around the spinal cord narrows, it can place unnecessary amounts of pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. Additionally, it can be the result of a bulging disk, enlarged aspect joints, or an overgrowth of tissue. Only a small number of individuals are born with spine health issues which can develop into lumbar spinal stenosis. This is known as congenital spinal stenosis and it is frequently diagnosed in men.

Arthritis, or the degeneration of any joint in the body, has been attributed to be the most common cause of spinal stenosis. As the intervertebral discs begin to wear-and-tear naturally begin, they can lose water content and eventually dry out, ultimately losing height and even collapsing. This can place pressure on the facet joints, the joints which provide flexibility and movement to the spine, resulting in arthritis. As a result, the ligaments around the structures of the spine can increase in size, lessening the space for the nerves. Also, the human body may respond by growing new bone, additionally narrowing the space for the nerves to pass through. Symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis may include, pain, tingling or burning sensations, numbness and weakness, as well as less painful symptoms when leaning forward or sitting.

Lumbar Herniated Disc

A herniated disc is a condition which can occur anywhere along the length of the spine, however, it most commonly affects the lower back or lumbar spine. It may also be referred to as a bulging, protruding or ruptured disc. A lumbar herniated disc is considered to be one of the most common causes of back pain in the lower back, as well as sciatica. An intervertebral disc begins to herniate when the soft, jelly-like nucleus, known as the nucleus pulposus, pushes against its outer ring, known as the annulus fibrosus, due to wear-and-tear or a sudden injury. With persistent pressure, the jelly-like nucleus may push through the disc’s outer ring or it may cause the ring to bulge, putting additional pressure on the spinal chord and its surrounding nerve roots.

Moreover, the intervertebral disc material can release chemicals and/or substances which may ultimately irritate the surrounding structures of the spine, contributing to nerve inflammation. When a nerve root becomes irritated, it can potentially lead to symptoms of pain and discomfort, numbness and weakness in one or both legs, otherwise referred to as sciatica, or sciatic nerve pain. An individual may also develop a herniated disc without ever experiencing any symptoms. A lumbar herniated disc is generally caused by the natural degeneration of the spine and discs, however, trauma and/or injury may also result in lumbar disc herniations. Symptoms of a lumbar herniated disc includes sciatica, tingling sensations, numbness, weakness, and loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases. This last symptoms will require immediate medical attention.

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is another common cause of back pain and sciatica, particularly in young athletes. Repeated stress on the lower back, or lumbar spine, can create a crack or stress fracture in one of the vertebrae. In these cases, however, the stress fracture can often weaken the bone so much, to the point where it is unable to maintain its proper position in the spine, ultimately causing the vertebra to begin to shift or slip out of place. This condition is what is commonly known as spondylolisthesis. In children and adolescents, spondylolisthesis can occur through periods of rapid growth, by way of instance, during an adolescent growth spurt. This condition frequently occurs as a result of overuse, overstretching, or hyperextension, and even due to genetics.

Many healthcare professionals characterize spondylolisthesis as either low grade or high grade, depending on how much the vertebrae have shifted or slipped out of place. A high grade slip is generally identified when more than 50 percent of the width of the fractured vertebra slips forwards onto the vertebra beneath it. Individuals with high grade cases of spondylolisthesis will commonly describe experiencing significant levels of pain and discomfort as well as nerve injury. In the majority of instances, however, individuals with spondylolisthesis will not experience any obvious symptoms, as a matter of fact, most are unaware of the condition till an x-ray is taken for an unrelated injury and/or condition. Individuals with spondylolisthesis may experience back pain and sciatica, including muscle spasms, back stiffness and tight hamstrings.

Dr. Alex Jimenez’s Insight

Back pain is one of the most common reasons why individuals often miss days from work or go to the doctor, as it has also become one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. As a matter of fact, it has been statistically determined that approximately 80 percent of people will or have experienced back pain at least once throughout their life. Fortunately, a variety of treatments are available which can help ease the symptoms of back pain. It’s essential to understand back pain and sciatica, a collection of symptoms commonly associated with spine health issues along the lower back, in order to seek proper diagnosis and continue with an appropriate treatment plan in order to relieve your symptoms of back pain and sciatica.

Treatment for Back Pain and Sciatica

Chiropractic care is a well-known, alternative treatment option commonly utilized to help diagnose, treat and prevent back pain and sciatica. Since there are many factors which can contribute to symptoms of back pain and sciatic nerve pain, a doctor of chiropractic’s, or chiropractor’s, initial step would be to determine the root cause of the patient’s symptoms. Determining a diagnosis involves a thoughtful review of the patient’s health history, and a physical and neurological examination. Diagnostic testing may involve an x-ray, MRI, CT scan and/or electrodiagnostic tests, such as a nerve conduction speed evaluation or an electromyography. These examinations and tests help determine possible contraindications to treatment.

The aim of chiropractic care is to help promote the human body’s potential to heal itself. It is based on the scientific principle that limited spinal motion results in pain and reduced function and performance. Chiropractic care is non-invasive, or non-surgical, and drug-free. The type of chiropractic treatment provided is dependent upon the cause of the individual’s back pain and sciatica. A treatment program may include many distinct treatments and therapies, like ice/cold therapies, ultrasound, TENS, and spinal adjustments or manual manipulations. If the doctor of chiropractic decides that the patient’s spinal health issue requires treatment by a different kind of physician, then the individual may be referred to another healthcare professional.

Physical therapeutics for these conditions is also effective and generally has two components: active and passive. Passive physical therapeutics consist of ultrasound, electric stimulation, heat and ice packs as well as iontophoresis. Active physical therapeutics modalities include stretching exercises, back exercises and low-impact aerobic conditioning. Manual physical therapeutics, such as spinal adjustments and/or manual manipulations, might be integrated in part by a chiropractor. Physical therapists normally recommend 20 minutes of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercises every day. Core muscle strengthening is also important in treating back pain. Low-impact aerobics are also important and include water therapy, biking, and walking.

Physical therapeutics are an important element of treating spinal health issues. If you meet with a physical therapist, there will be a full assessment. Tests will be performed and an individualized treatment plan will be developed based on the patient’s goals. If you’re experiencing back pain or sciatica, don’t wait any longer for relief. Contact a healthcare professional to establish a one-on-one consultation and complete evaluation. Many chiropractors and physical therapists are certified, experienced and dedicated to helping you feel better. They have helped many others recover from spinal health issues and can help you too. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic as well as to spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at�915-850-0900�.

Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez

Additional Topics: Back Pain

Back pain is one of the most prevalent causes for disability and missed days at work worldwide. As a matter of fact, back pain has been attributed as the second most common reason for doctor office visits, outnumbered only by upper-respiratory infections. Approximately 80 percent of the population will experience some type of back pain at least once throughout their life. The spine is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, ligaments and muscles, among other soft tissues. Because of this, injuries and/or aggravated conditions, such as herniated discs, can eventually lead to symptoms of back pain. Sports injuries or automobile accident injuries are often the most frequent cause of back pain, however, sometimes the simplest of movements can have painful results. Fortunately, alternative treatment options, such as chiropractic care, can help ease back pain through the use of spinal adjustments and manual manipulations, ultimately improving pain relief.

EXTRA IMPORTANT TOPIC: Sciatica Treatment

Chiropractic Care for General Back Pain

by Dr Alex Jimenez | Chiropractic, Severe Back Pain, Spinal Hygiene, Spine Care

Back pain is a common symptom which affects a majority of the population, although for most individuals, the prevalent discomfort is often mild and temporary. Unfortunately, back pain can become a constant issue for some people. In several instances, these symptoms may even need immediate medical attention.

If you�ve experienced back pain sometime throughout your lifetime, especially if it�s new, recurring discomfort, causing the individual to lose control of their bowel or bladder, seeking a proper diagnosis as soon as possible is fundamental to determine the source of the symptoms and begin treatment. Listen to your body.

Seeking Help from a Healthcare Professional

Back pain, soreness and stiffness are generally frequent and can resolve on their own without the need of a medical evaluation. But, other symptoms could signal the development of a much more serious complication. The following symptoms may need further diagnosis as these could an indication of a spinal condition: pain which lasts for longer than six weeks; pain, weakness or numbness in the legs; difficulty sleeping due to back or neck pain; and/or a sudden onset of back pain without an obvious cause. If you�ve experienced any of the above mentioned symptoms, it�s essential to seek a proper diagnosis from a qualified healthcare professional.

Chiropractic care is a common alternative treatment option that is utilized to correct numerous spinal complications. Chiropractic primarily focuses on the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system. When visiting a doctor of chiropractic, or chiropractor, the healthcare professional will first conduct an evaluation of the spine to diagnose whether a spinal misalignment, also referred to as a subluxation, or any other type of injury or condition is the cause of the symptoms.

Together with a review of the individual�s medical history, including any previous test results from prior appointments with other physicians, if any. To complete the spinal assessment, aside from a physical exam, the chiropractor may also need additional studies, such as an X-ray or MRI scan. This will help pinpoint the source of the symptoms. Whether the individual is diagnosed with a common injury or condition, such as sciatica, or a more complex and severe complication, the doctor of chiropractic will follow up with an up to date description of the individual�s cause of their symptoms before developing an appropriate treatment plan.

The healthcare professional should provide an overview of treatment options, including a detailed discussion of the benefits and possible risks of each. The most common chiropractic care techniques and therapy procedures include spinal adjustments and manual manipulations. Through the use of chiropractic adjustments and manipulations, a chiropractor will carefully realign the spine, helping to reduce the stress and pressure being placed against the structures surrounding the spine in order to improve function. By restoring the individual�s natural spinal alignment, any pain, inflammation and numbness, as well as other symptoms of back pain and discomfort, will be decreased, providing the individual with their original strength, mobility and flexibility, promoting their overall health and wellness.

Furthermore, a chiropractor may also recommend a series of stretches and exercises, as well as several lifestyle changes, to further improve an individual�s injury or condition and promote a faster recovery time. Physical therapy and spinal surgery are also possible treatment options for various types of back complications, However, spinal surgery is only recommended if conservative treatment options have failed before. Although back pain is a common complication among the population, seeking diagnosis and following through with treatment is important to ensure the individual lives with the proper health and wellness.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.elpasochiropractorblog.com

Back pain symptoms can affect a wide number of individuals and, while a majority of cases resolve on their own, it’s important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to determine the cause of the symptoms, especially with chronic pain. Chiropractic treatment can help restore the original health of the spine.

Vaccines Revealed and Exposed on Episode #6

As a healthcare provider, Dr. Patrick Gentempo has been searching for the truth behind the effects of vaccines on the general population. When making critical decisions about you and your children�s health, it�s essential to have the correct knowledge of all medical procedures you�re being involved in, including the administration of mandatory vaccines, among others.

For more information, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .�

By Dr. Alex Jimenez

The Correlation of Neuropathy and Chronic Pain

by Dr Alex Jimenez | Chiropractic, Severe Back Pain

Neuropathy is medically characterized as a form of chronic pain which may commonly result from damage to or pathological changes of the central or peripheral nervous system. Peripheral neuropathic pain has also been previously referred to as painful neuropathy, nerve pain, sensory peripheral neuropathy or peripheral neuritis. Individual�s affected by neuropathy generally describe its symptoms to be unlike any others they�ve ever experienced before. When it comes to neuropathy however, it�s fundamental to understand that chronic pain is not a symptom of injury but rather, the pain is itself the process of the disease. Neuropathy is not associated with the healing process either, instead of a specific injury in the body, the nerves themselves malfunction and are the source of the pain.

Characteristics of Neuropathy

The back pain or other type of painful symptom characteristic of neuropathy can usually be described in several ways. These can be specified as: severe, sharp, electric shock-like, shooting, lightning-like, or lancinating; deep, burning or cold; with persistent numbness, tingling or weakness; and/or trailing along the nerve path into the arms, hands, legs or feet. Furthermore, symptoms of neuropathy can be characterized by pain and discomfort from a light touch or other stimulus which generally shouldn�t cause pain, as well as hypersensitivity to a normally painful stimulus.

Symptoms of neuropathy can manifest as a result of any form of pain which impinges or compresses a nerve. Examples of neuropathic pain which generate from the region of the spine include: chronic pain which trails down the length of the leg, also known as radiculopathy or sciatica; chronic pain that radiates along the arm, also referred to as cervical radiculopathy; and gradual or persistent pain following a back surgical procedure, commonly associated with failed back surgery syndrome. Other well-known causes of neuropathy are: diabetes; phantom limb pain or regional pain syndrome, also referred to as RPS. If an individual�s neuropathy is not treated appropriately, numerous complications such as depression, sleeplessness, feelings of fear and anxiety, limited social interaction and an inability to perform normal daily activities or work have been described as frequent issues affecting those who suffer with chronic pain associated with neuropathy and its other symptoms.

Types of Back Pain

When it comes to neuropathic symptoms, it�s essential to have a general understanding of the major different types of back pain, most importantly because effectively determining these types of symptoms can guide people to receive the best treatment plan.

Nociceptive Pain and Neuropathy

Healthcare providers and professionals in the medical field typically classify pain in one of two general categories: neuropathic pain and nociceptive, or somatic, pain.

Nociceptive pain is felt by the nociceptor sensory fibers after there�s been damage or injury to a structure in the body, such as the muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, joints or other organs. Nociceptive pain is commonly identified as a deep aching, throbbing, gnawing or sore sensation. Prevalent instances of nociceptive pain associated with back symptoms of pain and discomfort include: pain after direct trauma from an automobile accident or other personal injury case; pain after a back surgical procedure; and arthritis pain. Nociceptive pain is generally localized and can improve with healing treatments. Neuropathic pain, or neuropathy, results when there�s damage or injury to nerve tissue. Neuropathy is often identified as burning, severe shooting pains and/or a persistent numbness or tingling sensation. Prevalent instances of neuropathic pain associated with back symptoms of pain and discomfort include: sciatica, pain that travels from the spine down the arm, pain that persists after back surgery.

It is believed that in several cases, extended nociceptive pain may lead to neuropathy and an individual may subsequently experience both neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain simultaneously. �

Acute Pain and Chronic Pain

It�s also fundamental to recognize the differences between acute pain and chronic pain as these two forms of pain can be very distinct in structure and function.

With acute pain for example, the level of severity can directly correspond with the grade of tissue damage or injury. This provides individuals with a protective reflex, such as the reflex to move a limb immediately after touching a sharp object. Acute pain can be identified as a symptom of damaged or diseased tissue, where if the underlying complication is cured, the pain will subside as well. Acute pain is a form of nociceptive pain. With chronic pain for example, the pain doesn�t have the same structure and function as it does with acute pain. In other words, it does not serve a protective or other biological action. Instead, the nerves continue to send pain signals to the brain regardless if there�s no ongoing tissue damage. Neuropathy is a form of chronic pain.

Anatomy of Nerve Pain

The spinal cord functions as the primary part of the body�s central nervous system which transmits messages directly from the brain and spreads these out to the nerves throughout the body. Nerves can be found traveling to all parts of the body, entering and exiting the spinal cord alongside its entire length.

How Nerve Pain Works

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves which can be found exiting the spinal cord between openings separating each vertebrae. The nerve root, or the point where the nerve exits the spinal cord, branches out into many smaller nerves which control distinct regions of the body, best referred to as the peripheral nerves. For instance, a nerve that exits the lower back will have peripheral branches that travel all the way down to the toes. Peripheral nerves make up the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nerves are comprised of both motor nerves and sensory nerves. Sensory nerves receive sensory stimuli, such as how something physically feels and whether it is painful or not. These consist of nerve fibers known as sensory fibers. Additionally, mechanoreceptor fibers sense body movement and pressure placed against the body while nociceptor fibers sense tissue injury. Motor nerves travel throughout the muscles and stimulate their movements. These consist of nerve fibers known as motor fibers.

Nerve Injury and Neuropathy Pain

Although there is no sufficient research or evidence to support the following theory, it is believed that damage or injury to any of the above types of nerve tissues may be a possible reason which could lead to the development of neuropathic pain or neuropathy. Generally, the area of the nerve cell that is damaged by neuropathy is medically defined as the axon, which is the inner information pathway of the nerve cell, and/or its myelin covering, which is identified as the fatty outer sheath which protects the nerve cell and helps transfer information throughout the nervous system. When neuropathy pain occurs due to damage or injury to the above mentioned structures, neuropathy is sustained by abnormal processing of sensory input by the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

The Injury & Trauma Rehabilitation Specialists

PUSHasRx® Trauma Rehabilitation Center

Health, Wellness & Nutrition Specialists