In the last article, we talked about how the microbiomes in our body worked and functioned. As well as learning what each microbe does in our bodies but mostly in our gut. When we are learning more and more about the microbiome, we discover many exciting things that our bodies are capable of as well as being the workers in our intricate immune system. In today�s article, we will be taking a look at what polyphenols does to our microbiomes as well as specific vitamins that are very helpful to our gut and going in-depth more with SCFAs (Short Chain Fatty Acids) and the Tight Junction.
Contents
The Role of Polyphenols in Microbiome Balance
Polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are considered a type of micronutrients, and they are plentiful in plants. They have been well-studied for their role in the prevention of chronic diseases such as CVD, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. They also have antioxidant properties, and there are several hundreds of polyphenols that are found in edible plants that serve a giant purpose of defending our bodies against ultraviolet radiation or aggression by pathogens.
To figure this out, think of it like this: The bacteria in our large intestine releases polyphenols from the plants we eat in our diets. It is then transformed into a diet composition that alters the bacterial ecosystem (through the prebiotic effects and antimicrobial properties) to make our gut happy.
Here are some of the microbes that are in polyphenols:
Phenolic acids: These are derivatives of benzoic acid and derivatives of cinnamic acid.
Flavonoids: These microbes contain flavonols (e.g., quercetin), flavones, isoflavones (e.g., phytoestrogens), flavanones, anthocyanidins, and flavanols (e.g., catechins and proanthocyanidins)
Stilbenes: These microbes are resveratrol
Lignans: these are minor in the human diet and are linseed oil
Surprisingly some factors affect the polyphenol content of plants, and these include:
The ripeness at the time of harvest
The environmental factors (exposure to light, soil nutrients, pesticides)
processing and storage
When we eat organic fruits and vegetables, they have more polyphenol content that is usually, due to growing under slightly more stressed conditions. Which requires the plant to generate a stronger �defense and healing� response to the environment, and only 5�10% of the total polyphenol intake is absorbed in the small intestine. And 90-95% polyphenols that are linked to fibrous components must be liberated through hydrolysis by bacteria in the large intestine.
Surprisingly some polyphenols do not show up in plasma in humans after ingestion, and a large quantity is metabolized by intestinal bacteria or used to neutralize various pro-oxidizing agents in the intestinal lumen.
Clostridium and Eubacterium (which are both Firmicutes), are the primary metabolizers of polyphenols. Studies theorized that higher polyphenol intake may play a role in shaping the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio (e.g., inflammatory response potential, obesity, etc.) and can be harmful to our bodies.
However, more recent studies have shown effects of inhibition on Clostridium and Staphylococcus of polyphenols such as grape seed extract, in favor of Lactobacillus and other studies have demonstrated potent inhibition of phenolic compounds thymol (thyme) and carvacrol (oregano) on Escherichia, Clostridia and other pathogens, while simultaneously leaving Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria have been unaffected.
Here are some other examples of some polyphenols:
Resveratrol increases Clostridia, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacteria
Blueberry phenolics increase Bifidobacteria
Phenolic compounds in tea suppress C difficile and C perfringens
Catechins (found in high doses in teas and chocolate) act on different bacterial species (E. coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella cholestasis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) by generating hydrogen peroxide and by altering the permeability of the microbial membrane
Some studies have shown that polyphenols can interfere with bacterial cell signaling and quorum sensing (environmental sampling)
Polyphenols can also cause bacterial populations to stop expansion through signaling interference
Some research indicates certain polyphenols may be able to block the production of bacterial toxins (H. pylori and tea/wine polyphenols)
The Applications for A Diet
When it comes to eating a healthy diet, variety does matter. The colors, the types of fibers each organic food has, and whether you are going to do it daily or weekly. When you are trying to be in a healthy lifestyle, it always starts with the food. When you are looking for fresh produce, try to emphasize fresh, organic, and minimally processed versions of polyphenol-rich foods. However, don�t boil produce. Instead, try steaming then, and it is the best, but roasting or light frying is not only better, but it tastes so good.
Vitamins that help our Microbiome
When we are older, we tend to lose specific vitamins that actually helps us and our bodies to be healthier. Here are some of the vitamins that are really good for our gut and can help us prevent leaky gut.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D controls the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in our bodies. It is trafficking between gut dendritic cells, and they can differentiation of T-regs and T-reg function in our gut. But the expression of VDR, which influences IL (interleukin) production and tight junction integrity to help our gut.
When it comes to our gut, here are some of the effects of Vitamin D on the gut microbiome. The higher the Vitamin D levels are, they will allow commensal bacteria to secrete more AMPs (antimicrobial peptides). When patients take a high dose of Vitamin D, over 5 weeks can lead to a significant reduction in Pseudomonas spp and Shigella/Escherichia spp in upper gut intestines.
Another thing that Vitamin D does is that it can increase T cell differentiation in the colon. A lack of T-regs increased the incidence of asthma, allergies, autoimmune, and autism. But T-regs can prevent the development of aberrant immune responses such as autoimmune and food sensitivities. We here at Injury Medical Clinic, talk about functional medicine to our patients and try to help them recover from their ailments.
Because Vitamin D exposure fluctuates seasonally for many individuals, it has been observed that lower Vitamin D levels in the winter tend to lead to changes in the intestinal microbial balance. This will make our bodies have a decreased level of Bacteroidetes and an increased level of Firmicutes. This is the reason for �winter weight gain� in many individuals as F: B ratio changes.
Vitamin A
This is a retinoic acid that is required by dendritic cells (DCs) to induce T-cells (and B cells) which are the �tracking and regulation system� of the mucosal immune response. Because of this, T-cells must differentiate into T-regs to maintain a �calm and cool� system or immune tolerance to both our environment, symbiotic organisms, and food.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
We talked about Omega-3s in a previous article as they are one of the many supplements that we can�t produce in our bodies. It can be mostly found in fish, and some plants can contain omega-3s. But it is a vital team player when we are trying to be healthy and can prevent a leaky gut. Not only that but omega-3s are crucial importance to more youthful skin.
SCFAs (Short Chained Fatty Acids)
SCFAs (Short Chained Fatty Acids)�are well-studied to demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties in the large intestine. They are the primary source of fuel for cells lining the intestinal epithelium of the large intestine. They contained: �Butyrate, Proprionate, Acetate. In a previous article, we discussed what SCFAs do when we eat fatty food. It can be both good or bad, depending on what kinds of food you consume. SCFAs act on G-protein coupled receptors to induce differentiation of T-cells, but also on those GPRs in DCs. They can both be direct and indirect influences on our gut.
SCFAs can produce bacteria and can directly impact T-reg production. And that SCFAs inhibit the mucosa and competitively inhibit opportunists. Some foods that provide higher resistant starch will typically yield the most short-chain fatty acids upon microbial fermentation
Tight Junction Modulations
The tight junctions are the gateways between the epithelial cells. In a previous article, we took a look at what the tight junction is. They control the flow of nutrients, macromolecules, and other substances that are usually allowed to pass through without cellular diffusion or absorption.
Conclusion
All in all, we covered a lot of information about what polyphenols does as well as specific vitamins and supplements that can help our bodies prevent a leaky gut. The microbiomes in our collection and the use of functional medicine can be beneficial in helping us not only to a better, healthier life but, a working, functional body for us when we are older. Tomorrow we will end this three-part series with foods and tips to have a healthy microbiome in our gut and our bodies.
These medications help return normal function to the osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
Bisphosphonates can manage the disease and reduce symptoms, but do not cure the disease.
Living with Paget�s
Advanced cases can cause spine problems, which includes spinal fractures.
Most with Paget�s disease have preferable outcomes.
When Paget’s disease is managed with medication, regular doctor visits, chiropractic care, and proper diet, then there shouldn�t be a problem in achieving a healthy quality of life.
El Paso, TX Lower Back Bain Pain Chiropractic Relief
David Garcia, maintenance Centre Employee and a proud Dad in El Paso, TX works at the Region 19 Education Services Center. However, Mr. Garcia’s daily life is frequently influenced by his chronic lower back pain. After undergoing worsening symptoms for a while, David Garcia was advocated to seek chiropractic care with Dr. Alex Jimenez by his sister, a former patient of Dr. Jimenez. Mr. Garcia has since experienced enormous relief out of his lower back pain, and he’s grateful to Dr. Alex Jimenez and his staff for supplying him with schooling regarding his health problems as well as adequately caring for him. David Garcia urges Dr. Alex Jimenez as the non-invasive surgical selection for lower back pain.
NCBI Resources
Several studies show that chiropractic care is a very effective treatment for back pain. The chiropractor will perform spinal manipulation to bring the spine (and body) into proper alignment. He may also offer advice on exercises, stretching, and ways to improve posture as well as recommending lifestyle changes and what to look for in supportive shoes. Chiropractic�s whole-body approach not only helps relieve back pain, but it also helps prevent it as well.
This allows the patient to gain whole body benefits from chiropractic.
To understand exactly how lipopolysaccharides and gram-negative bugs affect the immune system we must first investigate what lipopolysaccharides are and their role in gram-negative bacteria and the human body as a whole.
Contents
LPS (Lipopolysaccharides)
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are large molecules consisting of a lipid (fatty acid) and a polysaccharide composed of the O-antigen, outer core, and the inner core all joined by covalent bonds. �Lipid A in LPS is the hydrophobic component responsible for the major bioactivity of LPS. Hydrophilic polysaccharides consist of long chains of monosaccharides (simple sugars) linked together by glycosidic linkages. LPS play their role in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria by supporting the structure of the bacteria and shielding the membrane from chemical attack. Gram-negative bacteria are related to foodborne diseases, respiratory infections, plagues, and some sexually transmitted diseases. Some gram-negative bacteria have become so resistant to antibiotic drugs that they are often very difficult to treat and unfortunately vaccines are not available for these types of bacterial infections. Additional enzymes can sometimes alter the structure of the LPS, and though the structure is not required for the bacteria�s survival it is closely related to the virulence of bacteria. For example, the lipid A component of LPS can cause toxic reactions when lysed by immune cells. LPS in humans trigger the immune system to produce cytokines (hormone regulators). Production of cytokines is a common cause of inflammation.
Now that we are able to recognize the relationship between LPS, gram-negative bacteria, and inflammation/infections in the human body, we must understand how to prevent and treat infections related to gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacterial infections are caused by contact between infected and non-infected peoples. They are very common in healthcare settings, but by taking simple measures such as hand washing and keeping a strong immune system will help prevent them. How do we keep a strong immune system? Choosing a healthy lifestyle is the first most basic step in this process. Because the immune system is a system, we must understand that there is no direct way to improve its strength. It is strengthened through what we put into our body and how we treat our body. However, it is important to distinguish between building a strong immune system and boosting the number of immune cells in our body. It is potentially harmful to boost the number of immune cells because there are so many different kinds of cells in the immune system that respond to so many different microbes in so many ways. Diet, exercise, reducing stress levels, and some herbs and supplements all contribute to building and supporting a strong immune system.
Conclusion
Throughout this article, we have learned about lipopolysaccharides and the role they play in gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are known to be harmful to the human body so we have found ways to prevent the harmful infections it causes. The immune system plays an obviously important role in fighting infections, but it needs to be strong to support our body and fight infections efficiently. This basic knowledge is provided to set the basis for further research on how to support the immune system.
The microbiomes in our bodies are fascinating. They help our various organs function correctly, helping out our immune systems battle terrible stuff. They can tell us what we are doing to our bodies when we consume food. However, the microbiomes in our gut tell us a different story as we are going to discuss what does microbiomes do as it functions in our body as well as our gut.
The relationship between the gut microbiota and its host plays a crucial role in:
immune system maturation
food digestion
drug metabolism
detoxification
vitamin production
prevention of pathogenic bacterial adhesion
Also, the composition of the microbiota is influenced by environmental factors such as diet, antibiotic therapy, and environmental exposure to microorganisms.
Contents
Why Don�t We All Have the Same Microbiome?
Whenever we are trying to live a healthy lifestyle, our bodies will go through so many changes. When we get rid of the bad stuff that is causing us problems and the beautiful thing start taking effect in what we put in our bodies. We, as humans, have different body structures and body types that are way different. Some people lose or gain weight differently. When other people exercises, they go at their own pace, and several factors influence the bacterial composition in taxa type and abundance. These factors include:
host phenotype, such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI)
lifestyle
immune function
geographical belonging and environmental factors
use of antibiotics, drugs, and probiotics
DIET
Moreover, long-term dietary habits have been shown to play a crucial role in creating an inter-individual variation in microbiota composition.
Manipulating the Microbiome: Key Terms
Here are some key terms to remember when we are talking about the microbiome.
Stability: resistance to change and the ability to maintain homeostasis.
Resilience: capacity to return to homeostasis after disturbance.
Diversity: DIVERSE microbiomes are more stable and more resilient (to antibiotics); more resistant to foreign invasion (pathogens).
Relative Abundance: Even �good� bacteria can be too abundant without balance from symbiotic species; the presence of �bad� bacteria is not necessarily always harmful if enough �good� are there to balance.
Colonization Resistance: The capacity of the microbiome communities to resist new colonization by pathogens and other transients.
This is a KEY factor for preventing GI infections; but also explains why probiotics are not always practical.
Our COMMENSAL microbiome is our first line and of defense
Restore balance/� reseeding�: (the term �reinoculate� is not really correct) Probiotics; Fermented foods; Prebiotics/Polyphenols.
Advantages to DNA Testing
For many practitioners, measuring microorganism DNA allows for:
Detection of a more diverse collection of microorganisms, (more genus and species, particularly anaerobic species)
They can measure at the species and subspecies level
They have a much better snapshot of dysbiosis and diversity
Have better accuracy of results
Much faster turnaround time and much less expensive
Concept of �epigenetics.�
However, DNA is DNA-dead or alive whenever practitioners are looking at a patient�s DNA structure. Culture Technology is still considered �gold standard� but has several limitations. They are trying to culture anaerobic bacteria, but some of the most important bacteria are anaerobic commensals. There is a limited detection of several microorganisms, but it�s usually genus level only. Microorganisms can grow and/or die in transit and what�s measured in the culture dish is not always 100% indicative of the sample at the time of collection; the environment can morph while in transit to the lab and changes in pH etc.
Important Groups
These are some of the microbiomes that are very functional to our bodies and what parts do they play.
Commensals
This microbiome provides the host with essential nutrients and contains Aerobic and Anaerobic microbiomes.
Aerobic (survives better in oxygenated environments; less prevalent in the colon, however, some are considered �obligate anaerobes�). They are:
Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Bacillus
Anaerobic (more likely to be found colonizing the distal colon due to limited oxygen). They are:
Clostridia
Akkermansia
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria
These two are the most well-researched genus of bacteria. They are widely available in commercially available probiotic products.
Lactobacillus are:
lactic-acid forming bacteria
Form biofilms which allow surviving harsh/low pH conditions (stomach acid)
Helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier
Abundant in probiotics/fermented foods
Bifidobacteria are:
One of the first bacteria to colonize the gut after birth
Aids in digestion, reducing inflammation, and stimulation of immune cells
Bacillus
These are spore-forming bacteria. They form spores in harsh environments which makes them more resilient, heat-stable, and have better viability in the gastric environment. But they may have better efficacy as probiotic therapy in SIBO population. These are in another category of commercially-produced probiotics beyond the standard Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
In the health world, known as �Soil Based Probiotics.� They are very prominent in the environment and their primary role in immunomodulation; stimulation of the immune system. They are a production of GALT-Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue and are known to be significant players in the production of B Vitamins and Vitamin K2 in the gut known as Bacillus subtilis
Clostridia
These are a major anaerobic group of commensals. They comprise 10% to >50% of the microbiome and are critical for the health of the gut barrier and intestinal lining, and barrier integrity. These are essential producers of butyrate (SCFA) and secondary bile acids. They also thrive on a high and diverse fiber diet, grape, and red wine polyphenols such as Blautia, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitizi, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, etc. However, there are usually no probiotic supplements to directly increase the abundance of clostridia.
Akkermansia
These microbiomes make up 1-3% of a healthy microbiome, and they help maintain the health and integrity of the mucosal barrier.
Akkermansia muciniphila = mucin lover
They also help with reducing inflammation and may impart protection of inflammatory bowel diseases. These microbiomes are keystone species that are highly correlated with higher microbiome diversity.
Proteobacteria
This is a PHYLUM category of bacteria. This microbiome contains gram-negative and all bacteria that carries an LPS. This group includes plenty of beneficial bacteria but also contains several pathogens that tend to thrive in pro-inflammatory condition.
Gram (+) vs Gram (-) Bacteria
These two types of bacteria are in our bodies as they have very different functions that can either protect or disrupt our gut.
Gram-Positive (+) contains:
Peptidoglycan
Lipoteichoic acid
Gram-Negative (-) contains:
LPS as a component of their cell wall
LPS is a very powerful ENDOTOXIN- a known contributor to induce significant inflammation and potent immune response
LPS antibodies are measured on Vibrant Wellness Wheat Zoomer/Intestinal Permeability Panel
However we can�t generalize Gram (-) as �bad� or Gram (+) as �good� or vice-versa, but we can control it with the Zoomers test.
LPS(Lipopolysaccharide)
In the last article, we mentioned them briefly, but here is a refresher on what theses microbes do. They are a fat/sugar molecule that lines the gram-negative bacteria inside the gut, and they protect those bacteria from bile salts. They are present inside the gut lumen under normal physiological conditions, and they usually should not enter the bloodstream. But if it does open in the blood then�
1) LPS antibodies are created-tagged as �non-self.�
4) Can help differentiate if leaky gut is happening between cells or through cells (or both), which are Transcellular vs. Paracellular pathways
Conclusion
These are the microbiomes that are in our body and how each of them plays a role to make our bodies healthy. We here at Injury Medical Clinic, do talk with our patients about what goes on in their bodies. We inform them on how to take care of themselves through the means of functional medicine. This is part one of a three-part series since tomorrow we will be discussing the roles of polyphenols in the Microbiome balance.
Before and after spine surgery the surgeon and medical staff prepare you for recovery. The recovery process can take a long time and be extremely challenging.
Pain after spine surgery is normal, but how to tell if it�s beyond the typical pain during recovery?
Contents
What indicates that the surgery failed?
Chiropractor Dr. Alex Jimenez has dealt with this issue throughout his career and discusses symptoms associated with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS, also known as failed back surgery (FBS) or post-laminectomy syndrome).
Back Pain the most common symptom
Chronic back pain is the most common symptom from failed back surgery.
With FBSS, chronic pain in one patient can be very different from pain in another.
People with FBSS can experience a range of different types of pain based on:
Spinal disorder
Spinal procedure
The underlying cause of failed back surgery syndrome
Types of back and neck pain people with failed back surgery may experience. Some may have one or more types.
Chronic pain:
Sustained pain that lasts for more than 12 weeks.
Chronic pain is the opposite of acute pain, which is short-term�severe pain.
Acute pain is expected during spine surgery recovery but should fade during the healing.
Nociceptive pain:
Localized pain that can be dull or sharp.
This is the type of pain patients may experience immediately after surgery
Example: The pain felt around where the incision was made.
When most people think of pain, nociceptive pain is the type.
Neuropathic pain (neuropathy):
Nerve-related pain is caused by damage to the nerves or spinal cord.
Neuropathic pain shoots and moves around, thus affecting large areas of the body.
Examples of this type of pain include:
Numbness
Burning
Tingling
Weakness
Abnormal sensations (called paresthesia)
Radicular pain (radiculopathy):
A branch of nerve pain (neuropathy) is called radiculopathy, or radicular pain.
Radicular pain radiates from one area to another.
Examples include from the:
Low back
Down the buttocks
Legs
Feet
And then starts all over again, or goes in a different order.
Other symptoms:
The original symptoms return:
When the symptoms that put the patient in the surgery room return, then there is a definite possibility of failed back surgery.
New pain presents:
New pain, meaning pain in a different part of the spine or a different type merits a discussion with your doctor.
Mobility Reduced :
It does take time to recover and that process can affect:
Endurance
Flexibility
Movement
However, if mobility or limitation is different from what was talked about with the surgeon or develops after recovery, then it should be discussed with your doctor.
Example: A limited range of motion in the neck or low back.
Headaches begin to present:
If headaches were not an original part of your medical history, this may point to a nerve problem.
Nerve Symptoms & Quality of Life
Neuropathic pain/ neuropathy or nerve-related pain is the most complex, debilitating, and difficult-to-treat.
People who experience this type of pain find it lowers their quality of life.
An online survey of 1,000-2000 patients that underwent low back surgery responded and revealed the following:
94% of respondents reported post-surgery low back pain
A separate study noted that nerve-related pain suffered by people with FBSS is more life-altering than pain caused by joint and nerve disorders.
Patients with FBSS and neuropathic pain go through higher levels of pain and have less quality of life/physical function compared with people with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia.
FBS Symptoms Emergency Treatment
After surgery, it can be difficult to tell whether the pain is within the bounds of normal recovery pain.
At follow-up appointments ask questions about the progress of your recovery and about any concerns.
Pain after surgery is normal, but there are some signs and symptoms that merit emergency attention.
If you experience any of the red flag symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
Symptoms of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Are Different for Every Patient
Every patient goes through a unique surgical experience and if it fails, patients may experience unique symptoms.
Because failed back surgery has several possible causes, the symptoms are going to be different for each patient.
Before you are discharged and even before you go under, ask your surgeon questions about what to expect during the recovery process.
Educating yourself with possible expectations during recovery, you�ll be best positioned to know when things aren�t going as they should.
Low Back Pain Management El Paso, TX Chiropractor
Denise suffered an auto accident injury which resulted in back pain. When she realized she could not sit, walk or sleep for lengthy periods of time without having painful symptoms, Denise found chiropractic care with Dr. Alex Jimenez at El Paso, TX. Once she received therapy for her automobile accident injuries, Denise experienced relief from her symptoms and she was able to execute her regular tasks once again. Thanks to the education and maintenance Dr. Alex Jimenez supplied, Denise regained her initial health and health.
Back pain is more most common, with roughly nine out of ten adults undergoing it at some time in their lifetime, and five functioning adults developing it annually. Some quote around 95 percent of Americans will experience back pain at some time in their lifetime. It is undoubtedly the typical cause of chronic pain since it’s also a substantial contributor to missed work and handicap. In the United States alone, acute cases of lower back pain are the fifth most frequent reason for doctor visits and cause 40% of missed days off work. What’s more, it is the leading cause of disability worldwide.
NCBI Resources
Aside from the obvious invasiveness of the procedure as well as recovery time and probable physical therapy that would be required as part of your aftercare. Say you have neck or back pain. How will you treat it? Many people will go to a medical doctor who will look at the symptoms, such as pain, and treat it with a prescription or over the counter medications. In some cases, they may recommend surgery to manage the pain or correct the problem.
Microglial cells make up about 10 to 15 percent of all the glial cells in the human body, which can be found in the central nervous system (CNS) and play a fundamental role in the human brain. Microglial cells are responsible for maintaining and regulating changes in the physiological and pathological condition of the CNS by changing their morphology, phenotype and function. In an average physiological state, the microglial cells are continuously in charge of controlling their environment. �
However, when the homeostasis of the brain is interrupted, the microglia change into an amoeba-like shape and become a phagocyte where they can actively reveal a variety of antigens. If the homeostasis interruption in the CNS continues, the microglial cells will then trigger at a much stronger state, which is known as microglial priming. Microglia are the “Bruce Banner” of the CNS. However, once they go into protective “Hulk” mode, primed microglia become much more sensitive to stimulation and they have a much stronger possibility of reacting to stimulation, even reacting towards normal cells. �
�
Microglial priming can become a double-edged sword. As a matter of fact, primed microglia are created from different phenotypes of microglia and the phenotypes are context-dependent, which means they are associated to the sequence and duration of their exposure to different varieties of stimulation in a variety of pathologies. In the article below, we will demonstrate the effect of microglial priming on the central nervous system (CNS), especially in neurological diseases. �
Contents
Role of Microglial Cells in the CNS
Microglial cells are commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS), where they are considered to be one of the most flexible types of brain cells. Microglial cells are created from precursor cells found within mesoderm bone marrow, or more specifically found in the mesodermal yolk sac, and they are divided in different densities throughout several regions of the brain. As mentioned above, microglia will remain in a dormant state when the homeostasis of the brain remains stable. �
Microglia have a small cell body and morphological branches which extend towards all directions to help maintain and regulate the overall function of the CNS. Changes in their microenvironment can trigger microglia into an “activated� state. Research studies have demonstrated that microglia play a fundamental role in brain development and a variety of functions, including synaptic pruning and clearing out cell debris. Moreover, microglia create an immune surveillance system in the human brain and control fundamental processes associated with a variety of pathologies, including the clearance and uptake of A? and abnormal tau protein as well as the production of neurotrophic factors and neuroinflammatory factors. �
Microglial Priming Overview
Microglial priming activates when continuous interruptions in the brain’s microenvironment trigger a much stronger microglial response compared to an initial interruption which simply triggers microglial activation. Primed microglia in the CNS are also much more sensitive to possibly minor stimulation. This increased response involves microglial proliferation, morphology, physiology, and biochemical markers or phenotype. However, these changes will ultimately promote an increase in cytokines and inflammation mediator production which can have a tremendous impact on synaptic plasticity, neuronic survival, individual cognitive and behavioral function. Below is an overview of the effects of microglial priming in the CNS. �
Mechanisms of Microglial Priming in the CNS
The microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS), by way of instance, is one of the main factors which can affect the microglial cells. Increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage associated with brain aging can all commonly trigger microglial priming. Another common factor for microglial priming includes traumatic brain injury. Research studies have shown that traumatic CNS injury activates microglia as well as the development of primed microglia. �
Many research studies have also shown that both focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury increase inflammation in the brain associated with microglia and astrocytes. CNS infections can also trigger microglial priming where viruses are the main cause of CNS infection. Both DNA and RNA viruses can trigger microglial priming including microglia and astrocytes. Recent research studies have shown that complement dysfunction can change the expression of complement receptors and trigger microglial priming after continuous activation following a variety of functions, including synapse maturation, immune product clearance, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) mobilization, lipid metabolism, and tissue regeneration. �
Moreover, research studies have shown that there is increased priming of the microglia in a variety of neurological diseases. By way of instance, microglial cells with a morphological phenotype are found in large numbers in the human brain. In the last several years, research studies have suggested that neuroinflammation can continuously activate the microglia and trigger microglial priming. Furthermore, all of the previously mentioned situations are closely associated with neuroinflammation. Research studies have also demonstrated that neuroinflammation, as well as microbial debris and metabolic effects, are associated with central sensitization in neurological diseases, such as fibromyalgia, also referred to as the “brain on fire”. �
In the context of the previous situations mentioned above, microglia are primed though a series of pro-inflammatory stimulation, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pathogenetic proteins (e.g., A?), ?synuclein, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Tat, mutant huntingtin, mutant superoxide dismutase 1 and chromogranin A. There is also a variety of signaling pathways and it is common for different types of cells to express special pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which can affect inflammatory signaling pathways. By way of instance, several signaling pathways, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which can commonly increase in infected tissue, could also control microbial molecules. �
Additionally, peptides or mislocalized nucleic acids identified as misfolded proteins through a series of pathways, known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), can also cause microglial priming. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and carbohydrate-binding receptors commonly function in these pathways. There are also many different receptors found in microglia, including triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM), Fc? receptors (Fc?Rs), CD200 receptor (CD200R), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), chemokine receptors (CX3CR1, CCR2, CXCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3), which can be recognized and mixed in with other signaling pathways, although some pathways are still not clear. �
Consequences of Microglial Priming in the CNS
Microglia show a low rate of mitosis in their normal state and a high rate of proliferation after microglial priming, showing that the microglia have the ability to affect cell turnover and pro-inflammation stimulation. With continued stimulation, microglia activate from their resting state, changing into amoeboid microglial cells in morphology. However, the changes in the shape of the microglia cannot differentiate the characteristics of microglial activation and the function of primed microglia depends on their phenotypes which are associated with receptors and molecules which they create and recognize. �
The different types of tissue macrophages, under microenvironmental impetus, are able to differentiate M1 and M2 phenotypes. First, M1 polarization, also known as classical activation, ultimately needs interferon-? (IFN-?) to be mixed with TLR4 signaling which then causes the production of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory cytokines, and finally, ultimately reduces the release of neurotrophic factors, ultimately causing inflammation with increased markers of main histocompatibility complex II (MHC II), interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and CD68. �
Moreover, M2 polarization, also known as alternative activation, is ultimately believed to be associated with tissue-supportive in the situation of wound healing, reducing inflammation and improving tissue repair of collagen form. They trigger in response to IL-4 and IL-13 in vivo. M2 polarization is characterized by the increased expression of neurotrophic factors, proteases, enzymes arginase 1 (ARG1), IL-10 transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?), scavenger receptor CD206 and coagulation factors as well as improving phagocytic activity. As a matter of fact, there are currently no clear boundaries between the two polarizations and the M1 phenotype shares many similar characteristics with the M2 phenotype. �
Another phenotype of primed microglia, known as acquired deactivation, has been recently discovered. This new phenotype overlaps with M2 and has the ability to improve anti-inflammatory and functional recovery. Additionally, a research study conducted ultra-structural analyses and identified a brand-new phenotype, known as �dark microglia�, which is rarely seen in the microglial cell’s resting state. Systemic inflammation triggers microglia into an activated state to promote cell and tissue recovery and achieve homeostasis. Microglial priming is ultimately the second interruption in the CNS microenvironment. �
The primed microglia is a double-edged sword for brain health. Many research studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that neurological diseases are associated with microglial activation. The inflammatory phenotypes of the microglia create neurotoxic factors, mediators and ROS which can affect the CNS. Primed microglia play a fundamental and beneficial role in neuronal regeneration, repair, and neurogenesis. Primed microglia are also much more sensitive and respond much stronger to brain injury, inflammation, and aging as well as increase the activation of microglial cells by switching from an anti-inflammation, potentially protective phenotype to a pro-inflammation destructive phenotype, as shown in (Figure 1). �
�
In the early stages of microglial priming, the ability and function to phagocytize cell debris, misfolded proteins, and inflammatory medium are increased where more protective molecules, such as IL-4, IL-13, IL-1RA, and scavenging receptors, are created. The changes can affect wound healing and damage tissue repairment, neuron protection, and homeostasis recovery. Classically activated microglia (M1) make up a large proportion of all microglia and promote an increased creation of neurotoxic factors, such as IL-1?, TNF-?, NO and H2O2 (6), where more microglia are primed immediately afterward. �
This increased and extended neuroinflammation caused by primed microglia can ultimately be associated with the development and clustering of the protein tau and A?. Furthermore, it can lead to loss of neurons as well as the decrease of cognitive function and memory, such as in Alzheimer’s disease. Although the mechanisms are not clear enough, people have reached an agreement that primed microglia cause a chronic proinflammatory response and a self-perpetuating cycle of neurotoxicity. And this is believed to be the key factor in brain health issues resulting in neurological diseases. �
Microglia are known as the protectors of the brain and they play a fundamental role in maintaining as well as regulating the homeostasis of the CNS microenvironment. Constant stimulation causes the microglia to trigger at a much stronger state, which is known as microglial priming. Microglial cells are the “Bruce Banner” of the CNS. However, once they go into protective “Hulk” mode, primed microglia become much more sensitive to stimulation and they have a much stronger possibility of reacting to stimulation, even reacting towards normal cells. �- Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Microglial cells make up about 10 to 15 percent of all the glial cells in the human body, which can be found in the central nervous system (CNS) and play a fundamental role in the human brain. Microglial cells are responsible for maintaining and regulating changes in the physiological and pathological condition of the CNS. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 . �
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez �
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual�s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention. �
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN�s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly,�Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic�Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
�
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link.*XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download�
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
In the last three articles, we introduced the wheat zoomer, went in-depth about the intestinal permeability, and the microbes in our gut. We also talked about the hidden problem with gluten as well. Today we will be discussing what to do after your patient comes in for a check-up after completing their gut healing process. For this to work, patients have to be gluten-free for the results to work. After the healing phase, local chiropractors, health coaches, and physicians can introduce gluten back slowly into the patient’s diet.
Contents
Checkups
When the patient comes in for a check-up, here are some of the things doctors look for:
If everything is green, re-introducing gluten may be possible for patients.
If anything is still yellow or red, patients must continue to avoid gluten and keep the gut healing process until the test results are all green.
After the appointment, patients can retest the wheat zoomer in about 3-9 months. However, there are about 50% of individuals with celiac disease that may also have antibodies to casein and may have to go dairy-free to heal their gut. Although some individuals are gluten sensitive may not be lactose intolerant but can go dairy free if they want to.
Lectins
Surprisingly all plants have lectin, but some of them are not problematic to humans thankfully. Legumes and grains play a role in increasing the diversity of microbes that may be beneficial or harmful to our bodies. Wheat Germ Agglutinin is the only specific lectin to the Wheat Zoomer, but it doesn�t reflect the overall lectin sensitivity but, consider the lectin zoomer to determine any particular lectins that your patient is sensitive to without eliminating unnecessary foods that are beneficial to the gut healing process.
Soy
Many studies show that soy may be a problem due to the saponin since it does have higher lectin count. Here at Injury Medical clinic, we suggest that running the Lectin Zoomer on our patients with intestinal permeability makes sense for them to heal correctly. But animal studies stated that soybean agglutinin has the effect of the increasing release of zonulin away from the TJ (tight junction). And a human study reported that if the soy saponin is poorly absorbed or utilized by the human intestinal epithelial cell will end up metabolizing the intestinal bacteria and cause more harm to human.
Surfactants
Known as sucrose monoester fatty acids is mostly used in cosmetics, food preservatives, food additives. Sucrose esters are used as a surface treatment on some fruits like peaches, pears, cherries, apples, and bananas. It keeps the moisture on the peel or rind controlled. Sucrose mono ester used in cosmetics as an emulsifier.
Bone broth/Collagen
Up to this date, there are minimal studies that have examined the role of bone broth or collagen that it repairs the intestinal barrier. It all depends on the animal and the bone it comes from and the contents that people have put in a bone broth soup.
However, there is a small body of evidence for the use of collagen peptides seem to support the usage in their autoimmune disease treatment protocol. But the results cant be extrapolated whether bone broth would have similar effects. So more studying about bone broth is needed.
Organic Produce
When people say that they are going organic, it is beneficial for people that are willing to change to a healthy lifestyle. Granted that organically produces are locally grown, but still, organic produce or non-organic produce will not have less or safer pesticides. They are different, but all of the crops like fruits and vegetables are grown with pesticides.
Just like all fruits and vegetables, still, wash them thoroughly to reduce the number of pesticides and surfactants exposure and enjoy them to your heart’s content.
Resistant Starches
Resistant starch foods are a form of carbohydrates that can be converted to short fatty acids by SCFA-producing bacteria. With higher SCFA levels, these starches aid immune tolerance, T-cell differentiation, and intestinal barrier homeostasis. Other types of fibers are high value, and variety is essential. Like for example, cooked/cooled rice and potatoes are excellent resistance starch foods.
“Eat like a vegetarian who eats meat.”- Dr. Alex Jimenez�D.C., C.C.S.T.
Polyphenol Foods
Polyphenols, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds will aid to maintained TJ stability through inhibiting phosphorylation of TJ complexes.
Fermented Foods
Fermented food or drinks that contain live probiotic cultures are excellent in promoting a healthy gut. However, it is challenging to study fermented food and beverages due to highly variable stains, composition, nutrient content. But studies found that participants who drink a fermented plant extract drink saw improvements in their body and increased total antioxidants and total phenolic in plasma as well as with reducing total C and LDL-C.
Beneficial bacteria like Bifido and Lactobacillus were increased while E Coli and C perfringens were decreased in the gut. So drinking or eating fermented food can help our gut and help our bile growth to be flushed out.
Granted, we all know that trying to be healthy is very hard. It is true that even though exercising is easy because we can do it over and over again until we are masters at it but, when we overdo the exercises it will cause harm to our bodies and hurting it in the process. �Eating healthy is hard as well because our bodies may have a food allergen or a food sensitivity that will make us disappointed that we can�t enjoy the foods we want to eat. Yes, eliminating diets are very hard and challenging to follow in the long term and have poor compliances when we don�t put in the work. So start by exploring other tests to tailor patients diets to meet their health needs and prolong their recovery period.
Supplements
Supplements are fantastic to aid the valuable nutrients and minerals our bodies can�t produce. Common supplements prescribed include:
L-glutamine
Vitamin D3
Collagen
Colostrum
Zinc carnosine
Ox bile
Omega-3s
Turmeric/Quercetin
Magnesium
Stress Management
Granted that stress is part of our lives and we can manage small amounts of it, and it is beneficial to us, but some people have chronic stress and have to go to a doctor to get it treated. But there is hope as there are ways to manage stress and doing it functionally and naturally.
Conclusion
So all in all, just to recap, if your patient is good to go and their test results are all green, you can introduce gluten back to their diets again in small increments and can be rested in about 3 to 9 months. But if your patient does have a gluten allergen then just let them know that they must continue to be gluten-free. We here at Injury Medical Clinic, always put our patient�s needs first for them to live their best lives with functional natural medicine.
What exercise/stretches help reduce sciatic nerve pain?
Here are 4 exercise/stretches that your chiropractor/physical therapist may recommend to help you reduce sciatic nerve pain:
Pelvic tilt
Knee to chest
Lower trunk rotations
Arm and leg extensions
Pelvic Tilt
Its purpose is to strengthen the lower abdominal muscles and stretch the lower back.
How to do it:
Lie on back
Exhale and tighten abdominal muscles while pushing the belly button toward the floor and flatten the lower back
Hold the position for 5 seconds
Repeat 10 times holding the position for 5 seconds each
Am I doing it right?
Place the pinky finger on the hip bone and thumb on the lowest rib (same side).
When tightening the abdominal muscles, the amount of space between the pinky finger and thumb should get smaller.
Pelvic tilts help strengthen the lower abdominal muscles and stretch the low back.
Knee to Chest
Its purpose is to help reduce nerve compression in the low back, that can help alleviate lower back pain.
Lie on back
Start with either� left or right knee and use hands to gently pull the bent knee toward chest
Hold for 10 seconds
Repeat movement on opposite knee
Perform 3 to 5 times holding position for 10 seconds each
Use hands to gently pull both knees toward chest
Hold for 10 seconds
Repeat movement with both knees 3 to 5 times holding position for 10 seconds each
Knee to chest exercise/stretches can help reduce nerve compression on the lumbar spine alleviating lower back pain.
Lower Trunk Rotation
Its purpose is to increase the spine�s mobility and flexibility.
Lie on back with both knees bent upright and both feet flat on the floor (aka the hook lying position).
Hold both knees together, rotate knees to one side
Hold for 3 to 5 seconds
There will be a gentle stretching sensation on the opposite side of lower back and hip area
Contract abdominal muscles and rotate both knees to opposite side
Hold for 3 to 5 seconds
Repeat 10 times on each side
Lower body rotations can help you strengthen your lower abdominal muscles and stretch your low back.�
All Fours Opposite Arm and Leg Extensions
Its purpose is to strengthen the abdominal muscles, low back and stabilize the areas.
Get in crawling position on all fours.
Contract abdominal muscles to keep back flat and straight
Raise one leg upward behind you and straighten outward
Hold for 3 to 5 seconds
Repeat the movement on the opposite side
Once this�exercise/stretch can be performed 10 times with functional pain, add arm movement with each leg extension:
Extend the arm (opposite side of leg) upward and outward in front of body
Hold for 3 to 5 seconds
Repeat on the opposite side
Perform 10 times
How do these exercise/stretches reduce sciatic pain
Abdominal and spinal muscles are essential components of the spine�s system.
These exercises/stretches can help:
Strengthen the spine
Increase flexibility
Increase range of motion
These exercises can help keep the spine�s structural components strong and healthy along with reducing pain and speeding up healing.
Regular exercise causes the body to release endorphins or hormones that interact with the pain receptors in the brain that reduce the perception of pain.
Will exercising with sciatica cause/exacerbate injury
Do not to perform any of these exercises without consulting your doctor,� spine specialist or chiropractor.
Whatever level of fitness, remember even trained professional athletes exercise with a doctor, physical therapist, or other healthcare expert’s approval and clearance.
Obtaining an accurate diagnosis for the exact cause of the sciatic pain
Is essential before considering any exercise program
Be gentle with your spine, don�t push too hard while doing exercises. This is to avoid exacerbating sciatic pain or creating a new injury.
If exercise increases pain or causes nerve-related symptoms like:
Weakness
Tingling sensation
Numbness
Stop and contact your doctor or chiropractor immediately!
El Paso, TX Best Sciatica Chiropractor Treatment
Sandra Rubio discusses Dr. Alex Jimenez and his team will help relieve your sciatica symptoms. Chiropractic care can improve pain and discomfort as well as reduce irritation and inflammation brought on by sciatica. Additionally, a chiropractor such as Dr. Jimenez can also offer nutritional and fitness tips for sciatic nerve pain. Other treatment procedures, such as deep-tissue massage, can help alleviate sciatica symptoms. Dr. Alex Jimenez is the homeopathic, noninvasive option for sciatic nerve disease and its related symptoms.
Sciatica is generally caused by the compression of lumbar or thoracic nerves or by compression of the sciatic nerve. When sciatica is caused by compression of a lower back nerve root, it’s called lumbar radiculopathy. This can happen due to a spinal disc bulge or spinal disk herniation (a herniated intervertebral disc), or by roughening, extending, or misalignment (spondylolisthesis) of the fascia, or as a result of degenerated discs that could reduce the diameter of the lateral foramen by which nerve roots exit the spine.
NCBI Resources
Sciatica is characterized by a shooting pain that originates in the lower back and travels down through the hip, buttock, and back of the leg. The pain can be so severe that it inhibits mobility and can prevent people from working, taking care of their home, or just enjoying their life. Doctors have treated the condition with medications and some invasive therapies, but chiropractic treatments have been found to be extremely effective in alleviating the pain and curing the condition.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation, is the use of low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for treatment purposes. When LLLT is used on the brain, it is known as transcranial LLLT or transcranial photobiomodulation. Many research studies have shown that LLLT can help treat a variety of brain health issues. �
Different from high-intensity surgical lasers, low-powered lasers do not cut or burn tissue. Instead, these lasers stimulate a biological reaction and promote cells to function properly. Moreover, it�s also easy to use LLLT utilizing red and near-infrared light on your own home. In the article below, we will discuss the brain health benefits of low-level laser therapy (LLLT). �
Contents
How Low-Level Laser Therapy Works
Research studies show that red and near-infrared light between the wavelengths of 632 nanometers (nm) and 1064 nm can have brain health benefits. For brain cells or neurons, the optimal range for the wavelengths seems to be between 800 nm and 1000 nm as these can penetrate the scalp and skull to reach the brain. Most devices ultimately fall within this range. �
The light given off from these devices stimulate a photochemical response within neurons or brain cells, which can increase the natural healing process and can also cause beneficial changes in their behavior by supporting the mitochondria. The mitochondria are the �powerhouses of the cell,� producing most of the energy in the human body in the form of adenosine-5- triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the cell’s main source of energy. The brain constantly needs to use it to function properly. �
Proper mitochondrial function and ATP production are fundamental for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of neurological diseases. Research studies have shown that transcranial LLLT promotes proper mitochondrial function and considerably improves the production of ATP in the human brain. �
The mitochondria have photoreceptors which absorb the photons from light and turn them into ATP or energy which can be utilized to perform cellular tasks and biological processes. This system is similar to that of plant photosynthesis where sunlight is absorbed by plants and turned into energy for the plants to grow. Furthermore, by stimulating the mitochondria and producing more ATP, LLLT gives brain cells or neurons even more ATP energy to better heal and repair themselves. �
On top of this, low-level laser therapy has also been shown to: �
Decrease free radicals and oxidative stress in the brain
Increase blood flow and circulation, including within the frontal cortex
Reduce pain by supporting the human body�s opioids or natural pain relievers
Increase rate of oxygen consumption in the frontal cortex
Increase serotonin
Many traumatic brain injuries and neurological diseases can be treated with LLLT, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post-concussion syndrome, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia. We will discuss how low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to help each of the brain health issues, among others, demonstrated below. �
LLLT for Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing brain health issue where approximately 1.7 million people experience some type of TBI in the U.S. every year. Mild TBIs or concussions make up about 75 percent of all traumatic brain injuries. Military personnel frequently experience TBI and many of them often struggle with PTSD, anxiety, and depression. �
Several research studies have shown that patients with chronic mild TBI have experienced improved cognition, memory and sleep with LLLT. One research study also evaluated whether LLLT could help treat 11 patients with chronic mild TBI symptoms. Two patients had cognitive dysfunction and four patients had multiple concussions. �
After 18 LLLT sessions, the patient’s cognition, memory and verbal learning improved. Participants also said that they slept better and had fewer PTSD symptoms. Coworkers, friends, and family also reported improved social, interpersonal, and occupational functioning. In another research study, 10 people with chronic TBI were given 10 LLLT sessions and experienced reduced headaches, cognitive dysfunction, sleep problems, anxiety, depression and irritability. �
Several mice research studies also show that LLLT can prevent cell death and increase neurological performance after TBI. Researchers believe that LLLT improves TBI symptoms because the mitochondria in the brain can become dysfunctional after TBI, resulting in an inadequate supply of ATP. LLLT can support the mitochondria and increase ATP production. �
After traumatic brain injury (TBI) there is also poor blood flow and oxygenation, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. This can ultimately cause brain damage, however, LLLT can help treat these brain health issues as well as help increase antioxidants, promote neurogenesis, and relieve chronic symptoms, among other brain health benefits. �
LLLT for Depression and Anxiety
Research studies in both rats and humans have shown that LLLT can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. In 2009, researchers took 10 patients with a history of major anxiety and depression, including PTSD and substance abuse, and utilized LLLT for four weeks. At the end of the research study, six of the 10 patients experienced remission of their depression and seven of the 10 patients experienced remission of their anxiety. There were no observable side-effects. �
Several research studies have shown that depression is associated with abnormal blood flow in the frontal cortex of the brain. LLLT increases blood flow and circulation. Other research studies have shown that participants report improved positive emotions and reduced depressive symptoms after LLLT treatment. Participants with TBI also experienced a decrease in anxiety, depression, irritability, and insomnia as well as an overall improvement in quality of life after LLLT. �
LLLT for Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
Research studies show that LLLT can boost performance and improve cognitive function, including attention and memory, in animals, young healthy people and elderly people. Preliminary research studies also show that LLLT may ultimately help slow down the progression of Alzheimer�s disease by decreasing a protein in the brain which is associated with dementia. �
The downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Research studies have shown that LLLT can also help prevent brain cell or neuron loss by upregulating BDNF. �
Researchers have also utilized LLLT in middle-aged mice and discovered that the memory and cognitive performance of the middle-aged mice improved so much that it became similar to that of young mice. The researchers concluded that LLLT should be utilized in cases of general cognitive impairment in elderly people or even for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. �
Several other research studies have shown that LLLT increases alertness, awareness and sustained attention as well as improves short-term memory and reaction time. Research study participants also made fewer errors during tests. Another research study found that LLLT enhanced cognition by promoting neuroprotection and supporting the mitochondria. �
LLLT for Stroke
Numerous studies also show that LLLT reduces neurological problems and improves behavior in rats and rabbits after stroke. It also increases the growth of new brain cells or neurons, improving their overall recovery. Multiple other research studies also show that LLLT can considerably reduce brain damage and improve recovery outcome measures after a stroke. �
In one research study, researchers utilized LLLT on patients approximately 18 hours after they experienced a stroke. Five days after the stroke, they found considerably greater improvements in the LLLT-treated group. The improvements continued 90 days after the stroke. At the end of the research study, 70 percent of the patients treated with LLLT had successful outcome measures in comparison with only 51 percent of the control subjects in the research study. �
Follow up research studies with over 600 stroke patients found similar brain health benefits associated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Researchers believe that the increase in the production of ATP is responsible for the improvements. �
Low-level laser therapy, or LLLT, is a non-invasive treatment approach which utilizes low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes for the treatment of brain health issues and neurological diseases. Many research studies with both animal and human trial have demonstrated that LLLT provides many brain health benefits without harmful side-effects. Healthcare professionals can help improve the symptoms of brain health issues and neurological diseases with a variety of treatment methods and techniques. Proper diagnosis is fundamental for proper treatment. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation, is the use of low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for treatment purposes. In the article above, we discussed the brain health benefits of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on a variety of brain health issues and neurological diseases. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 . �
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez �
Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease
�
Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual�s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention. �
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN�s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly,�Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic�Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
�
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link.*XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download �
* All of the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
With the last article, we talk about how our gut system actually works. With the many microbes that inhabit our intestines, we do try to our best to lead a healthier lifestyle. Here at Injury Medical, local chiropractors and health coaches inform our patients about functional medicine as well as helping them to prevent a leaky gut. Here we will talk more about what the microbiomes in our intestines do when we are exposed to harsh environments.
Contents
The Microbiome
The significant role of the microbiome in the epithelial barrier integrity and breakdown. However, we can�t have a conversation with patients about intestinal permeability and food sensitivities without telling them about the role the microbiome plays.
The Wheat zoomer is rich with data but adds the Gut zoomer with the patients; the results are more accurate.
Microbial Influence on our Intestines
Immune influence: One of the leading roles that microbiomes play in the immune system is that it generates byproducts of carbohydrates/fiber fermentation that will influence T-cell differentiation. Without the distinction, we will see an increase of being at high risk of autoimmune diseases, allergies, autism, and asthma.
SCFAs (Short Chain Fatty Acids): The food we consume gets fermented for good bacteria to feed on. SCFAs creates fermented fibers by commensal microbes into Butyrate, Propionate, Acetate. These three are essential to the intestinal immune system. These SCFAs can influence T-cells differentiation differently, but it still gets the same results.
T-cell Differentiation: na�ve T-cells that activate the immune response to T-regs (police cells) to signal B-cells, and it can be a good thing. But if the T-cells activate and differentiate the wrong cells, it will cause inflammation.
When T-cells differentiation is less abundant, there will be a higher incidence of food sensitivities, autoimmune disease, asthma, and allergies. But when there is an abundance of butyrate, the patients have lower rates of colon cancer and colitis.
Tight Junction: Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus are the reinforcers for the tight junction while inducing TLR (toll-like receptors) outside the intestinal epithelial walls, as well as increasing the abundance of zonulin-occludin into the tight junction.
SCFAs also play a vital role in the tight junction by lessening the extent propionate, inducing LOX (lipoxygenase) activity and increasing tight junction�s stability while reducing permeability.
Pathogens/Pathobionts: Can be an influence in the epithelial barriers as they can be opportunistic or conditionally pathogenic. Various pathogens like enteropathogenic E.coli can alternate the tight junction�s system. However, if there is a low abundance of L. plantarum, then it will lead to infections and disruption as well as disorganization of the actin cytoskeletons. This can be reversed by incubating the epithelial cells with L. plantarum to create a high density of actin filaments to the tight junction and repair itself.
Zonulin, actin, and LPS: In the previous article, zonulin is the �gatekeeper� proteins that are responsible for opening and closing the tight junction. We talked about how if there is a low count of zonulin, it can cause inflammation, but if the zonulins are high, they can increase the IP and may facilitate enteric translocation by disassembling the tight junction. With less zonulin, it can be an overgrowth of b bacteria cells, thus causing more inflammation.
Actins are the structural and functional cells in the tight junction. However, if bacteria enter the actin cell walls, the bacteria will release toxins to the cell walls, it not only damages it but causes it to leak as well. This will make the damage actin cells not only paracellular but also intracellular to the damage actin cell walls.
Actin walls can also be affected when surfactants are involved. Surfactants are food agents and are known to affect the absorption of food substances in the gastrointestinal tract. They are not problematic, but when there is a low count on TEER, it can increase permeability and disband the tight junction.
LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) acts as a barrier and is recognized by the immune system as a marker for detecting bacterial pathogen invasion. It�s responsible for the development of inflammatory response in our gut.
Diet and Lifestyle
Diet and lifestyle contributions to the epithelial barrier integrity and breakdown. With the Wheat and Gut Zoomer helping out our intestinal barriers. Specific diets and lifestyles can also play effect to what is causing discomfort to our gut. These factors can cause our gut to be an imbalance, gastro discomfort, inflammation on our intestinal epithelial barriers.
Gluten: Gliadin is the main peptide that can cause gluten sensitivity. The gliadin protein can bind with many microbes, causing discomfort to our intestines and gut. Plus giving us an autoimmune disease, skin allergens, and chronic illnesses.
Keto/High Fat Intake: Increase fat meals cause an increase of permeability, and if a patient has a high gram-negative, it will cause problems. But it can be beneficial, to those who don�t have the gram-negative bacteria in their system but, certain microbes like SCFAs do cling onto these fatty substances. In order to give patients an accurate result use both the Gut Zoomer and Wheat Zoomer to better the chances. Higher fat meals suppress beneficial bacteria. Causing a double risk of toxins in the bloodstream as well as inflammation.
Alcohol: Patients are more willing to give up alcohol than gluten. Alcohol can be a stress reliever but can lead to addiction. It can be one of the causes of redistribution of the junctional proteins. One glass of wine a day is ok, but some patients don�t see alcohol as a mediator for reducing problems.
Lectins: Lectins are contributors to permeability and impair the integrity of the intestinal epithelial layer, allowing passage through. Antibiotics for WGA can help lower the permeability of the intestinal wall barriers.
Stress: Stress can cause discomfort and permeability in the intestinal epithelial barrier from high levels of cortisol.
Conclusion
Yes, gluten can cause inflammation in the intestinal epithelial barriers, but many factors that we discussed are also factors that can cause physiological assaults on the barrier�s integrity and stability of the intestinal ecosystem. Dr. Alexander Jimenez informs our patients about the importance of how functional medicine works with the combination of the Gut Zoomer and the Wheat Zoomer. This is not only protecting our gut but by giving us the information on what we can do to prevent a leaky gut.
IFM's Find A Practitioner tool is the largest referral network in Functional Medicine, created to help patients locate Functional Medicine practitioners anywhere in the world. IFM Certified Practitioners are listed first in the search results, given their extensive education in Functional Medicine
�
�
Many studies show that soy may be a problem due to the saponin since it does have higher lectin count. Here at Injury Medical clinic, we suggest that running the Lectin Zoomer on our patients with intestinal permeability makes sense for them to heal correctly. But animal studies stated that soybean agglutinin has the effect of the increasing release of zonulin away from the TJ (tight junction). And a human study reported that if the soy saponin is poorly absorbed or utilized by the human intestinal epithelial cell will end up metabolizing the intestinal bacteria and cause more harm to human.
Known as sucrose monoester fatty acids is mostly used in cosmetics, food preservatives, food additives. Sucrose esters are used as a surface treatment on some fruits like peaches, pears, cherries, apples, and bananas. It keeps the moisture on the peel or rind controlled. Sucrose mono ester used in cosmetics as an emulsifier.
Up to this date, there are minimal studies that have examined the role of bone broth or collagen that it repairs the intestinal barrier. It all depends on the animal and the bone it comes from and the contents that people have put in a bone broth soup.
However, there is a small body of evidence for the use of collagen peptides seem to support the usage in their autoimmune disease treatment protocol. But the results cant be extrapolated whether bone broth would have similar effects. So more studying about bone broth is needed.
When people say that they are going organic, it is beneficial for people that are willing to change to a healthy lifestyle. Granted that organically produces are locally grown, but still, organic produce or non-organic produce will not have less or safer pesticides. They are different, but all of the crops like fruits and vegetables are grown with pesticides.
Just like all fruits and vegetables, still, wash them thoroughly to reduce the number of pesticides and surfactants exposure and enjoy them to your heart’s content.
Resistant starch foods are a form of carbohydrates that can be converted to short fatty acids by SCFA-producing bacteria. With higher SCFA levels, these starches aid immune tolerance, T-cell differentiation, and intestinal barrier homeostasis. Other types of fibers are high value, and variety is essential. Like for example, cooked/cooled rice and potatoes are excellent resistance starch foods.
Polyphenols, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds will aid to maintained TJ stability through inhibiting phosphorylation of TJ complexes.
Fermented food or drinks that contain live probiotic cultures are excellent in promoting a healthy gut. However, it is challenging to study fermented food and beverages due to highly variable stains, composition, nutrient content. But studies found that participants who drink a fermented plant extract drink saw improvements in their body and increased total antioxidants and total phenolic in plasma as well as with reducing total C and LDL-C.
Beneficial bacteria like Bifido and Lactobacillus were increased while E Coli and C perfringens were decreased in the gut. So drinking or eating fermented food can help our gut and help our bile growth to be flushed out.
Granted, we all know that trying to be healthy is very hard. It is true that even though exercising is easy because we can do it over and over again until we are masters at it but, when we overdo the exercises it will cause harm to our bodies and hurting it in the process. �Eating healthy is hard as well because our bodies may have a food allergen or a food sensitivity that will make us disappointed that we can�t enjoy the foods we want to eat. Yes, eliminating diets are very hard and challenging to follow in the long term and have poor compliances when we don�t put in the work. So start by exploring other tests to tailor patients diets to meet their health needs and prolong their recovery period.
Supplements are fantastic to aid the valuable nutrients and minerals our bodies can�t produce. Common supplements prescribed include:
Granted that stress is part of our lives and we can manage small amounts of it, and it is beneficial to us, but some people have chronic stress and have to go to a doctor to get it treated. But there is hope as there are 
