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Rest Helps Restore Spinal Health

Rest Helps Restore Spinal Health

You try to do all the right things when it comes to taking care of your spine. You lift the right way, exercise, practice good posture, stretch, drink plenty of water, and take frequent breaks to walk around if you are seated for an extended period of time. Those are all excellent habits to keep, but there is something else that you should be doing � and it is one of the most overlooked and undervalued health practices. Rest!

Running On Empty: The Silent Epidemic

Stress can do severe damage to your emotional and mental health, but it can also hurt your body as well. Many people carry stress in their lower backs which means that when stress goes up it can result in lower back pain. It can also make you more sensitive to pain.

It is estimated that 66 percent of all doctor visits have a stress related component. What�s more, 50 percent of people who suffer from stress rate it as moderate to high. We live in a culture that makes it commonplace to run on empty. The problem with that is sooner or later you are going to crash and your body will bear the brunt.

Rest is important for helping you alleviate and manage stress, but recent studies show that 1 in 3 adults don�t get enough sleep. There is another reason to get your seven to nine hours in, though, that is directly related to spinal health.

rest spine health el paso tx.

What Rest Can Do For Your Spinal Health

When you rest you give your body time to replenish depleted stores of energy. Adequate sleep improves your immune function, memory, metabolism, learning, and healing. You will be more alert, happier, and have more energy. It is also very beneficial is you are trying to lose weight.

Excess weight can put pressure on your spine and cause it to curve, causing back pain. This is especially true if you carry your weight in your abdomen. That extra weight in the front pulls your spine into a sway back curve making it painful to stand for long periods of time.

When you lay down and rest you allow your entire spine, associated muscles, and other parts of your body to rejuvenate and relax. You probably don�t realize it, but your muscles in your back and abdomen work all day to keep your body properly supported. Even when sitting there are muscles engaged. Laying down allows all of those muscles to finally relax.

Rest also allows your spinal discs to rehydrate. The spine is made up of fluid filled discs that sit between the vertebrae, acting as a cushion. As you go about your day, thanks to gravity, your discs become compressed. This compression causes the disc to lose fluid (which is about 88 percent water). This can cause pain if the discs are not properly rehydrated � and that is a two-step process of drinking adequate water and getting enough rest.

Drinking water will put the fluids into your body, but as long as you are upright, the compression will continue. Laying down to go to sleep takes that pressure off of your spine so there is no compression and the body can naturally rehydrate the discs. A few hours here and there is not really effective because it does not give the body enough time to do its job. This means that you need to get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep each night.

Along with all the other great, healthy reasons to get a good night�s sleep, you not have one more to add to the list. A healthy spine will keep you standing tall and help keep you mobile, It is important to do all you can to take care of it.

Injury Medical Clinic: Neck Pain Care & Treatments

Organic Food Vs. Conventional Food

Organic Food Vs. Conventional Food

Many supermarkets have started offering their shoppers a choice in produce: organic or conventionally farmed. This can leave many wondering just what the difference is.

The truth is, both foods taste the same � or very close. Both have the same vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, so what is the big difference?

It comes down to two major areas: safety and nutrition. That is what consumers need to understand when they are trying to make a decision on whether to purchase foods that have been conventionally farmed, or foods that are natural.

What Is �Organic�?

This is a misused word but the true meaning is that the term refers to how food is grown and processed. Organic farming is intended to encourage water and soil conservation as well as reduce pollution.

This type of farming does not use chemicals for controlling weeds, eliminating insects, or fertilizing. Most of the methods are completely natural. For instance, a farmer may use natural fertilizers to enrich the soil, strategically placed plants to control insects, and mulch or crop rotation to control weeds.

Organic Vs. Conventional Foods

Conventionally farmed products will often use chemicals for insect control and weed control. They often use some type of processing on their foods.

The fertilizer used in planting often has chemicals. The foods may even be genetically modified. Animals may be injected with steroids and hormones which can cause unpleasant or even harmful side effects.

These types of foods do not use any chemicals, they are not genetically modified, and they are not injected with antibiotics or steroids. The food has been very minimally processed � if at all.

There are no additives that don�t belong and could be potentially harmful. These foods are safer for human consumption and they are typically more nutritious.

organic food el paso tx.

How To Identify Organic Foods

In the United States, a food or product that is labeled as organic is required to be certified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA has a certification program for natural growers and it has a set of very stringent standards that the product or food must meet.

There are some exemptions. For instance, a producer who does not sell more than $5,000 annually just in organic foods is not required to get the certification although they do have to adhere to the USDA�s stringent requirements for organic foods.

When a food carries the USDA Organic label, it means that it meets the requirements. While natural producers are not required to put the label on their products, many do.

The labeling varies, depending on the type of food. Single ingredient foods like eggs, vegetables, and fruits are considered to be 100 percent natural and are allowed to carry the USDA seal.

Foods that contain two or more ingredients, like breakfast cereal, are still allowed to use the USDA seal, but also must include the following information:

  • Organic � The product must be 95 percent organic or greater in order to be able to use this term
  • 100 percent organic � The product must be completely organic or all of its ingredients must be natural
  • Made with organic ingredients � The product contains no less than 70 percent natural ingredients

If the product has less than 70 percent natural ingredients, they are not allowed to use the word �organic� anywhere on their product labels.

Health Benefits Of Natural Foods

The greatest health benefit of natural foods is what it does not provide. Organic growers do not use synthetic pesticides to protect their crops from disease, insects, and molds. This means that the food itself has never been touched by these chemicals.

Natural foods also do not have the food additives that conventional foods often do. They are free from artificial sweeteners, flavorings, and colorings as well as preservatives and monosodium glutamate. This means eating natural means that you aren�t putting those chemicals into your body. Plus, many people say that organic foods simply taste better.

If you have further questions or concerns about your particular diet, please ask us! Our Doctor of Chiropractic can help guide you toward a more healthy life, including the foods you consume.

Injury Medical Clinic: Accident Treatment & Recovery

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Cerebrovascular disease is a designated group of conditions that can lead to cerebrovascular event/s, i.e. stroke. These events affect the blood supply and vessels to the brain. With a�blockage, malformation, or hemorrhage�happens,�this�prevents brain cells from getting enough oxygen, which can cause brain damage. Cerebrovascular diseases can develop in different ways. These include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and atherosclerosis.

Types of cerebrovascular disease: Stroke, transient ischemic attack, aneurysms, and vascular malformations

In the U.S. cerebrovascular disease is the fifth most common cause of death.

Cerebrovascular Disorders

The Brain

  • Makes up ~2% of the body weight
  • Accounts for ~10% of the body�s oxygen use
  • Accounts for ~20% of the body�s glucose use
  • Receives ~20% of the cardiac output
  • Per minute, requires ~50-80cc of blood per 100g of grey matter brain tissue and ~17-40cc of blood per 100g of white matter
  • If blood supply to the brain is <15cc per 100g of tissue, per minute, neurologic dysfunction occurs
  • As with all tissues, the longer there is ischemia, the more likely there is to be cell death and necrosis
  • The brain depends on a constant, uninterrupted supply of oxygen and glucose
  • 3-8 minutes of cardiac arrest can result in irreversible brain damage!

cerebrovascular el paso tx.

Autoregulation In The Brain

  • Systemic hypotension causes reactive cerebral vasodilation to allow more blood flow to the brain
  • The brain can extract enough oxygen from the brain if systolic pressure is 50 mmHg
  • Atherosclerotic narrowing can produce reactive vasodilation to attempt to reduce excess pressure
  • Increased blood pressure can result in vasoconstriction, reducing likelihood of hemorrhage
  • If systolic pressure averages >150 mmHg for prolonged periods, this compensation may fail
  • Labelled hypertensive encephalopathy

Blood Supply To The Head

cerebrovascular el paso tx.http://madeinkibera.com/lingual-arterie-anatomie

Collateral Circulation

  • In slowly developing occlusion such as atherosclerotic thrombosis, collateral circulation has time to develop
  • Circle of Willis connects the carotid and basilar systems
  • Anterior and posterior communicating arteries provide collateral supply
  • Anastomoses between main cerebral and cerebellar arteries in some people
  • Internal and external carotid artery connection via the ophthalmic & maxillary arteries

Circle Of Willis

  • Connects the vertebrobasilar system with the internal carotid system
  • While providing helpful collateral circulation, is also the most susceptible area to Berry Aneurysms which can lead to hemorrhagic stroke

cerebrovascular el paso tx.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_Willis

Blood Supply To The Brain

cerebrovascular el paso tx.http://teachmeanatomy.info/neuro/vessels/arterial-supply/

Maxillary & Ophthalmic aa.

cerebrovascular el paso tx.

cerebrovascular el paso tx.

Cerebrovascular Disorders

  • ~700,000 adults in the US have a stroke each year
  • Third most common cause of death in the US
  • ~2 million people are disabled due to stroke
  • By far more common in persons of advanced age
  • Occlusive/Ischemic Disease
  • 80% of all strokes
  • Most common site of occlusion is at the internal carotid artery just above the bifurcation of the common carotid a.
  • Atherothrombotic
  • Embolic
  • Small vessel
  • Hemorrhagic Disease

Occlusive/Ischemic Stroke

  • Can be due to artery OR vein occlusion
  • Artery occlusion is much more common
  • Due to lack of blood & oxygen supply reaching a particular area of the brain
  • Sudden onset of neurologic deficits, correlating to the distribution of a specific artery
  • Deficits will differ depend on which artery�s distribution has been disrupted

Venous Occlusion

  • Hyperviscocity
  • Dehydration
  • Thombocytosis
  • Elevated red or white blood cells counts
  • Polycythemia
  • Hypercoagulability
  • Elevated homocysteine
  • Prolonged immobility or airplane travel
  • Genetic clotting factor disorders
  • Pregnancy
  • Cancer
  • Hormone replacement & OCP use

Atherothrombotic

  • Neurologic deficits may be transient or develop slowly over time
  • Possible causes/types:
  • Dissection of the tunica intima and tunica adventitia
  • Can occur in younger patients with connective tissue disorders
  • Inflammatory materials deposit & build up in the vessel walls
  • Oxidized LDLs deposit in vessel walls

Embolic

  • Neurologic deficits likely to have sudden onset
  • Dislodged tissue from dissection of the tunica intima and tunica adventitia
  • Any dislodged thrombus can become an embolus blocking/closing the lumen of smaller vessels

Small Vessel

  • Lipohyalinosis
  • Vessel wall micro-trauma & ballooning
  • Amyloid Angiopathy
  • Accumulation of amyloid proteins in vessel walls
  • More common in patients >65 years old
  • Causes narrowing (leading to ischemia) but can also cause vessel fragility (leading to hemorrhage)
  • Associated with Alzheimer�s disease
  • Inflammatory
  • Spasmotic

Risk Factors For Occlusive Stroke

  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Cardiac abnormalities
  • Right-left shunts (Patent foramen ovale, VSD, tetralogy of fallot, etc)
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Valve disease/artificial heart valves
  • Advanced age
  • Obesity
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Especially high LDL and low HDL
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Cigarette/Tobacco smoking
  • High oxidation status
  • Elevated homocysteine
  • Contributed to by low folic acid, B6 & B12 statuses
  • Interacts with LDL cholesterol
  • Hyperviscocity and hypercoagulability states as shown on previous slide

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

  • Fully reversible episodes of neurologic deficit due to vascular insufficiency generally lasting no more than 30 minutes at a time
  • Occasionally can last 24 hours or more
  • Half of patients who suffer from a complete occlusive stroke previously had transient ischemic attack(s)
  • 20-40% of patients with TIA go on to have complete stroke
  • In is important to identify patients with TIAs to that they can be appropriately managed and modifiable risk factors reduced

History of Transient Neurologic Deficit In Patient > 45 y/o

  • DDx
  • TIA most likely dx
  • Migraine
  • Focal seizures
  • BPPV
  • Meniere�s
  • Demyelinating diseases
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Tumor
  • Arteriovenous malformations

Carotid Artery Disease

  • High pitched systolic bruit heard over the carotid artery may indicate carotid stenosis
  • Requires duplex ultrasound evaluation
  • Lesions narrowing the lumen >70% can possibly cause ischemia
  • Many carotid occlusions do not cause ischemia due to slow development allowing for collateral circulation to be developed as well
  • Fast forming occlusions or emboli can produce problems with <70% stenosis
  • Surgical intervention should be considered for patients with >70% stenosis and symptoms of TIA

Occlusive Stroke

  • If there is an onset of definitive substantial neurologic deficit, the patient should have a CT to rule out hemorrhage
  • If hemorrhage is ruled out, tissue plasminogen activator should be given within the first 4.5 hours
  • It should not be given later than this because it can increase risk of bleeding during reperfusion of brain tissue
  • After this initial period, focused thrombolysis or mechanical extraction of the embolus

Intracranial Hemorrhage

  • Approximately 20% of stroke cases
  • Severe HA or vomiting suggest hemorrhage over occlusion
  • Two types
  • Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage
  • Hypertension
  • Arterial aneurysms
  • Arteriovenous malformations
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Vessel weakening due to amyloid angiopathy
  • Traumatic

Aneurysm Sites

  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
  • 50% – Lenticulostriate branches of the middle cerebral artery
  • Affects the putamen and external capsule
  • 10% – Penetrating branches of the posterior cerebral artery
  • Affects the thalamus
  • 10% – Penetrating branches of the superior cerebellar artery
  • Affects the cerebellum
  • 10% – Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
  • Affects the basilar pons
  • 20% – Various vessels affecting areas of white matter
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Berry aneurysms at communicating artery junctions

Bleeding Disorders

  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Leukemia
  • Excess anticoagulant therapies

Risk Factors For Hemorrhagic Stroke

  • Hypertension
  • Arterial aneurysms
  • Arteriovenous malformations
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Vessel weakening due to amyloid angiopathy
  • Head trauma

Signs Of Stroke: Teach Patients F.A.S.T

cerebrovascular el paso tx.http://chrcsf.org/expert-tips-to-help-with-detecting-the-early-signs-of-stroke/

Common Transient Symptoms

  • Vertigo
  • Bilateral blurring or loss of vision
  • Ataxia
  • Diplopia
  • Bilateral or unilateral sensory and motor deficits
  • Syncope
  • Weakness in the distribution of a motor cranial nerve one side of the head with a contralateral hemiparesis (medial brainstem damage)
  • Damage to a sensory cranial nerve & Horner�s syndrome on one side of the head and loss of contralateral pain and temperature sensation in the body (lateral brainstem damage)

Long-Term Symptoms Depend On Area Affected

  • Monocular visual obscuration (amaurosis fugax) that is due to retinal ischemia
  • Contralateral hemiparesis
  • Hemisensory deficit
  • Visual field deficits
  • Dysphasia
  • Receptive aphasia (Wernicke�s area lesion)
  • Expressive aphasia (Broca�s areas lesion)
  • Contralateral neglect (on-dominant parietal lobe lesion)
  • Problemswithinitiationofmovement(Supplementarymotorcortex lesion)
  • Difficulty with voluntary gaze to the contralateral side (Frontal eye field lesions)
  • Short-term memory deficits(medial temporal lobes lesioned)

Brain-Stem Syndromes

cerebrovascular el paso tx.http://roho.4senses.co/stroke- syndromes/common-stroke- syndromes-chapter-9-textbook-of- stroke-medicine.html

Stroke Recovery

  • Rehab needs depend upon the area of brain tissue that was affected by the stroke
  • Speech therapy
  • Restriction of functioning limbs
  • Balance and gait exercises
  • Encourages neuroplastic restructuring
  • Symptoms may improve within the first 5 days due to reduction in edema
  • Edema may cause herniation through the foramen magnum which can cause brainstem compression and death � patients with this problem may require craniectomy (last resort)

Sources

Alexander G. Reeves, A. & Swenson, R. Disorders of the Nervous System. Dartmouth, 2004.
Swenson, R. Cerebrovascular Disorders. 2010

Biomarkers And Pain Assessment Tools

Biomarkers And Pain Assessment Tools

Doctors define chronic pain, as any pain that lasts for 3 to 6 months or more. The pain effects an individual’s mental health and day to day life. Pain comes from a series of messages that run through the nervous system. Depression seems to follow pain. It causes severe symptoms that affect how an individual feels, thinks, and how the handle daily activities, i.e. sleeping, eating and working. Chiropractor, Dr. Alex Jimenez delves into potential biomarkers that can help in finding and treating the root causes of pain and chronic pain.

  • The first step in successful pain management is a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment.
  • The extent of organic pathology may not be accurately reflected in the pain experience.
  • The initial assessment can be used to identify areas that require more in-depth evaluation.
  • Many validated self-report tools are available to assess the impact of chronic pain.

Assessment Of Patients With Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is a public health concern affecting 20�30% of the population of Western countries. Although there have been many scientific advances in the understanding of the neurophysiology of pain, precisely assessing and diagnosing a patient’s chronic pain problem is not straightforward or well-defined. How chronic pain is conceptualized influences how pain is evaluated and the factors considered when making a chronic pain diagnosis. There is no one-to-one relationship between the amount or type of organic pathology and pain intensity, but instead, the chronic pain experience is shaped by a myriad of biomedical, psychosocial (e.g. patients’ beliefs, expectations, and mood), and behavioral factors (e.g. context, responses by significant others). Assessing each of these three domains through a comprehensive evaluation of the person with chronic pain is essential for treatment decisions and to facilitate optimal outcomes. This evaluation should include a thorough patient history and medical evaluation and a brief screening interview where the patient’s behavior can be observed. Further assessment to address questions identified during the initial evaluation will guide decisions as to what additional assessments, if any, may be appropriate. Standardized self-reported instruments to evaluate the patient’s pain intensity, functional abilities, beliefs and expectations, and emotional distress are available, and can be administered by the physician, or a referral for in depth evaluation can be made to assist in treatment planning.

Pain is an extremely prevalent symptom. Chronic pain alone is estimated to affect 30% of the adult population of the USA, upwards of 100 million adults.1

Despite the soaring cost of treating people with chronic pain, relief for many remains elusive and complete elimination of pain is rare. Although there have been substantial advances in the knowledge of the neurophysiology of pain, along with the development of potent analgesic medications and other innovative medical and surgical interventions, on average the amount of pain reduction by available procedures is 30�40% and this occurs in fewer than one-half of treated patients.

The way we think about pain influences the way in which we go evaluate pain. Assessment begins with history and physical examination, followed, by laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging procedures in an attempt to identify and/or confirm the presence of any underlying pathology causing the symptom/s or the pain generator.

In the absence of identifiable organic pathology, the healthcare provider may assume that the report of symptoms stems from psychological factors and may request a psychological evaluation to detect the emotional factors underlying the patient’s report. There is duality where the report of symptoms are attributed to either somatic or psychogenic mechanisms.

As an example, the organic bases for some of the most common and recurring acute (e.g. headache)3 and chronic [e.g. back pain, fibromyalgia (FM)] pain problems are largely unknown,4,5 while on the other hand, asymptomatic individuals may have structural abnormalities such as herniated discs that would explain pain if it were present.6,7�There is a lacking in adequate explanations for patients with no identified organic pathology who report severe pain and pain-free individuals with significant, objective pathology.

Chronic pain affects more than just the individual patient, but also his or her significant others (partners, relatives, employers and co-workers and friends), making appropriate treatment essential. Satisfactory treatment can only come from comprehensive assessment of the biological aetiology of the pain in conjunction with the patient’s specific psychosocial and behavioral presentation, including their emotional state (e.g. anxiety, depression, and anger), perception and understanding of symptoms, and reactions to those symptoms by significant others.8,9 A key premise is that multiple factors influence the symptoms and functional limitations of individuals with chronic pain. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment is needed that addresses biomedical, psychosocial, and behavioral domains, as each contributes to chronic pain and related disability.10,11

Comprehensive Assessment Of An Individual With Chronic Pain

Turk and Meichenbaum12 suggested that three central questions should guide assessment of people who report pain:
  1. What is the extent of the patient’s disease or injury (physical impairment)?
  2. What is the magnitude of the illness? That is, to what extent is the patient suffering, disabled, and unable to enjoy usual activities?
  3. Does the individual’s behavior seem appropriate to the disease or injury, or is there any evidence of symptom amplification for any of a variety of psychological or social reasons (e.g. benefits such as positive attention, mood-altering medications, financial compensation)?

To answer these questions, information should be gathered from the patient by history and physical examination, in combination with a clinical interview, and through standardized assessment instruments. Healthcare providers need to seek any cause(s) of pain through physical examination and diagnostic tests while concomitantly assessing the patient�s mood, fears, expectancies, coping efforts, resources, responses of significant others, and the impact of pain on the patients� lives.11 In short, the healthcare provider must evaluate the �whole person� and not just the pain.

The general goals of the history and medical evaluation are to:

(i) determine the necessity of additional diagnostic testing

(ii) determine if medical data can explain the patient’s symptoms, symptom severity, and functional limitations

(iii) make a medical diagnosis

(iv) evaluate the availability of appropriate treatment

(v) establish the objectives of treatment

(vi) determine the appropriate course for symptom management if a complete cure is not possible.

Significant numbers of patients that report chronic pain demonstrate no physical pathology using plain radiographs, computed axial tomography scans, or electromyography (an extensive literature is available on physical assessment, radiographic and laboratory assessment procedures to determine the physical basis of pain),17 making a precise pathological diagnosis difficult or impossible.

Despite these limitations, the patient’s history and physical examination remain the basis of medical diagnosis, can provide a safeguard against over-interpreting findings from diagnostic imaging that are largely confirmatory, and can be used to guide the direction of further evaluation efforts.

biomarkers el paso tx.

In addition, patients with chronic pain problems often consume a variety of medications.18 It is important to discuss a patient’s current medications during the interview, as many pain medications are associated with side-effects that may cause or mimic emotional distress.19 Healthcare providers should not only be familiar with medications used for chronic pain, but also with side-effects from these medications that result in fatigue, sleep difficulties, and mood changes to avoid misdiagnosis of depression.

The use of daily diaries is believed to be more accurate as they are based on real-time rather than recall. Patients may be asked to maintain regular diaries of pain intensity with ratings recorded several times each day (e.g. meals and bedtime) for several days or weeks and multiple pain ratings can be averaged across time.

One problem noted with the use of paper-and-pencil diaries is that patients may not follow the instruction to provide ratings at specified intervals. Rather, patients may complete diaries in advance (�fill forward�) or shortly before seeing a clinician (�fill backward�),24 undermining the putative validity of diaries. Electronic diaries have gained acceptance in some research studies to avoid these problems.

Research has demonstrated the importance of assessing overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in chronic pain patients in addition to function.31,32 There are a number of well established, psychometrically supported HRQOL measures [Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)],33 general measures of physical functioning [e.g. Pain Disability Index (PDI)],34 and disease-specific measures [e.g. Western Ontario MacMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC);35 Roland-Morris Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (RDQ)]36 to assess function and quality of life.

Disease-specific measures are designed to evaluate the impact of a specific condition (e.g. pain and stiffness in people with osteoarthritis), whereas generic measures make it possible to compare physical functioning associated with a given disorder and its treatment with that of various other conditions. Specific effects of a disorder may not be detected when using a generic measure; therefore, disease-specific measures may be more likely to reveal clinically important improvement or deterioration in specific functions as a result of treatment. General measures of functioning may be useful to compare patients with a diversity of painful conditions. The combined use of disease-specific and generic measures facilitates the achievement of both objectives.

The presence of emotional distress in people with chronic pain presents a challenge when assessing symptoms such as fatigue, reduced activity level, decreased libido, appetite change, sleep disturbance, weight gain or loss, and memory and concentration deficits, as these symptoms can be the result of pain, emotional distress, or treatment medications prescribed to control pain.

Instruments have been developed specifically for pain patients to assess psychological distress, the impact of pain on patients� lives, feeling of control, coping behaviors, and attitudes about disease, pain, and healthcare providers.17

For example, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)39 and the Profile of Mood States (POMS)40 are psychometrically sound for assessing symptoms of depressed mood, emotional distress, and mood disturbance, and have been recommended to be used in all clinical trials of chronic pain;41 however, the scores must be interpreted with caution and the criteria for levels of emotional distress may need to be modified to prevent false positives.42

biomarkers el paso tx.

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biomarkers el paso tx.

Lab Biomarkers For Pain

Biomarkers are biological characteristics that can be used to indicate health or disease. This paper reviews studies on biomarkers of low back pain (LBP) in human subjects. LBP is the leading cause of disability, caused by various spine-related disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and facet arthritis. The focus of these studies is inflammatory mediators, because inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration and associated pain mechanisms. Increasingly, studies suggest that the presence of inflammatory mediators can be measured systemically in the blood. These biomarkers may serve as novel tools for directing patient care. Currently, patient response to treatment is unpredictable with a significant rate of recurrence, and, while surgical treatments may provide anatomical correction and pain relief, they are invasive and costly. The review covers studies performed on populations with specific diagnoses and undefined origins of LBP. Since the natural history of LBP is progressive, the temporal nature of studies is categorized by duration of symptomology/disease. Related studies on changes in biomarkers with treatment are also reviewed. Ultimately, diagnostic biomarkers of LBP and spinal degeneration have the potential to shepherd an era of individualized spine medicine for personalized therapeutics in the treatment of LBP.

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biomarkers el paso tx.

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Biomarkers For Chronic Neuropathic Pain & Potential Application In Spinal Cord Stimulation

This review was focused on understanding which substances inside the human body increase and decrease with increasing neuropathic pain. We reviewed various studies, and saw correlations between neuropathic pain and components of the immune system (this system defends the body against diseases and infections). Our findings will especially be useful for understanding ways to reduce or eliminate the discomfort, chronic neuropathic pain brings with it. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) procedure is one of the few fairly efficient remedial treatments for pain. A follow-up study will apply our findings from this review to SCS, in order to understand the mechanism, and further optimize efficaciousness.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1?, IL-6, IL-2, IL-33, CCL3, CXCL1, CCR5, and TNF-?, have been found to play significant roles in the amplification of chronic pain states.

After review of various studies relating to pain biomarkers, we found that serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1?, IL-6, IL-2, IL-33, CCL3, CXCL1, CCR5, and TNF-?, were significantly up-regulated during chronic pain experience. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-4 were found to show significant down-regulation during chronic pain state.

Biomarkers For Depression

A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression, but has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal in which patients and how biologic information can be used to enhance diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This lack of progress is partially due to the nature and heterogeneity of depression, in conjunction with methodological heterogeneity within the research literature and the large array of biomarkers with potential, the expression of which often varies according to many factors. We review the available literature, which indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neurotrophic and metabolic processes, as well as neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system components, represent highly promising candidates. These may be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomic and neuroimaging assessments. The use of novel approaches and systematic research programs is now required to determine whether, and which, biomarkers can be used to predict response to treatment, stratify patients to specific treatments and develop targets for new interventions. We conclude that there is much promise for reducing the burden of depression through further developing and expanding these research avenues.

biomarkers el paso tx.References:

  • Assessment of patients with chronic pain�E. J. Dansiet and D. C. Turk*t�

  • Inflammatory biomarkers of low back pain and disc degeneration: a review.
    Khan AN1, Jacobsen HE2, Khan J1, Filippi CG3, Levine M3, Lehman RA Jr2,4, Riew KD2,4, Lenke LG2,4, Chahine NO2,5.
  • Biomarkers for Chronic Neuropathic Pain and their Potential Application in Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Review
    Chibueze D. Nwagwu,1 Christina Sarris, M.D.,3 Yuan-Xiang Tao, Ph.D., M.D.,2 and Antonios Mammis, M.D.1,2
  • Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects. Strawbridge R1, Young AH1,2, Cleare AJ1,2.
3 Stretches Everyone Will Appreciate

3 Stretches Everyone Will Appreciate

Chiropractic is a very effective treatment for back pain, but what many patients don�t realize is that they can stretch to make it even better. By employing simple stretches, a chiropractic patient can improve his or her range of motion and increase flexibility. These are some great stretches that you can do at just about any fitness level.

Stretch

Knee To Chest

stretch knees to chest in el paso tx.

Lie on a firm, flat surface for this exercise. You can place a mat or towel underneath you to make it a little more comfortable. If you aren�t able to flatten your back right away, fold a small towel and place it under the small of your back to provide a little support.

  1. Lie on your back, knees bent so that your feet are flat on the floor.
  2. Press your lower back into the floor.
  3. While keeping your left foot on the floor, inhale, bringing your right knee to your chest, pulling gently just until you feel a stretch. Hold it for 20 to 30 seconds. You can also keep your left leg straight if that is more comfortable. Make sure you keep your back pressed to the floor.
  4. Exhale, releasing your right knee and return to the starting position.
  5. Repeat the movement with the left leg.
  6. Repeat this stretch 3 to 5 times with each leg.

Child�s Pose

stretch child's pose in el paso tx.

This gives you a very nice stretch all through your back. If you are unable to get on your knees or if you can�t sit on your knees, you can do this while standing.

Hold onto the back of a chair and bend forward. Don�t pull and don�t rest put all of your weight on the chair, just let your body fall gently forward with your neck relaxed and your head drooping. Take baby steps backward until you feel a good stretch, then hold it while breathing normally for 20 to 30 seconds. Walk your feet back in a bit to keep your balance and stand. Repeat 4 or 5 times.

  1. Get on your hands and knees, keeping your knees a little wider than your hips. Turn your toes inward so that they touch.
  2. Bend your knees, pushing your hips back over your heels. Get to a comfortable sitting position.
  3. Slowly slide your arms out in front of you, rounding out your back as you exhale. Keep your neck relaxed so that your head falls forward. Allow yourself to feel the stretch throughout your back.
  4. Hold for 20 to 30 seconds then return to the sitting position.
  5. Repeat the movement 4 or 5 times, keeping your movements slow, fluid, and deliberate.

Cat � Camel

stretch cat pose el paso tx.

If you can�t get on your knees, stand in front of a chair and place your hands on the seat. Position your feet about where your knees would be if you were on your hands and knees. Relax your neck, allowing your head to droop. Complete steps 2 through 5.

  1. Get on your hands and knees, back straight, your hands shoulder width apart, and your knees slightly apart. Relax your neck so that your head droops. Breathe normally.
  2. Exhale as you round your back up toward the ceiling. Press until you feel a good stretch all along your back. Hold for about 20 to 30 seconds.
  3. Return to the starting position, keeping your back straight.
  4. Inhale as you sway your back, pushing your stomach toward the floor. Tilt your pelvis to get a maximum stretch. Hold for 20 to 30 seconds.
  5. Repeat the full sequence 3 to 5 times.

Injury Medical Clinic: Rehabilitation & Fitness

4 Posture Tips Everyone Can Use

4 Posture Tips Everyone Can Use

Posture Tips: Good posture is more important than many people realize. Many a mother has followed her child around, reminding him or her to �stand up straight!� Not everyone knows all the reasons that this is important, but they should. Good posture is essential to good spinal health as well as good overall health.

People with good posture sleep better, feel better, and have fewer aches and pains in the joints, back, neck, and head. It helps you have better digestion, improves your organ function, and helps to make your chiropractic treatments even more effective. These top posture tips will help you stand straight and tall while enjoying better health.

Posture Tips

Posture Tips: Be Aware

Being aware of poor posture is the first step in being able to correct it. When you feel your spine starts to curve, your shoulders hunch, or your back sway, stop and take a moment to pull your body back into proper alignment. Pretend that there is a string that goes through your entire body from the top of your head.

In your mind, pull that string up, raising your chin slightly so that it is parallel to the floor. Pull your shoulders back and allow your arms to hang naturally at your side. Bend your knees slightly (soft knees) with your feet about shoulder width apart. Tuck in your stomach and roll your pelvis forward so your back is not swayed. Keep your weight mostly on the balls of your feet. Think tall. Take deep breaths and allow yourself to get an idea of what this, good posture, feels like.

Posture Tips: Use The Wall

Using the wall or floor can help you get a feel for how to shift your pelvis. If you have a habit of tilting your pelvis back so that you have a sway back, you need to learn how to roll it forward to get it straight.

A person can develop a sway back out of habit, due to injury, or if they carry a lot of abdominal fat. It can cause a great deal of pain and just making the adjustment to straighten your spine will make a tremendous difference.

To get the feel for straightening your back, stand flat against a wall. Keep your feet directly under you. Now try to press the small of your back into the wall. Feel how your body shifts as your pelvis rolls forward. Pay attention to that sensation so you can duplicate it without using the wall. You can also do this while lying on your back with your knees slightly bent. Practice arching your back and then pressing it against the floor to get a feel for that motion.

posture tips el paso tx.

Posture Tips: Stay Active

Regular exercise and stretching are very important for good posture. What many people don�t realize, though, is that good posture is absolutely vital while you are exercising. This is called �form.� You need to practice good form while you are doing weight bearing exercises, cardio, and stretching. If you don�t it can lead to injury or pain.

Your chiropractor can advise you on various exercises and the proper form for them. If you work out at a gym or at home, learn about good form for the exercises that you do. Fitness professionals can help you with this and are well worth the investment.

Posture Tips: Get Regular Chiropractic Treatment

Chiropractic treatments can help correct poor posture, but even if you are working on it yourself it is important to get regular chiropractic care. There are several reasons for this. First, your chiropractor can make adjustments to your spine, providing you with a much wider range of motion and better mobility. Your chiropractor can also recommend exercises for you and show you how to do them properly. If you have weight issues he or she can provide you with advice on diet and lifestyle changes. Taking advantage of the whole body wellness that chiropractic offers will not only improve your posture, it will improve your life.

Injury Medical Clinic: Chiropractor (Recommended)

Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfates For DDD

Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfates For DDD

Why Chiropractic Combined With Glucosamine & Chondroitin Sulfates Are A Win-Win For Degenerative Disc Disease Sufferers.

The most effective treatments are often found in the natural ones. The human body has this incredible ability to provide its own healing. Often we can aid that process through nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle changes. While there are some people who do reach for medications and invasive means of pain control, the truth is the best cure is the natural one. This is also true of degenerative disc disease. There are several natural treatments that help relieve the pain and even stop the progression of the disease. Common treatments include chiropractic, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfates.

What Is Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)?

In a healthy spine the discs that lie between the vertebrae and cushion them are filled with fluid. They allow the spine to move, flex, bend, and twist. Over time they may lose some of their cushion as part of the aging process.

Degenerative disc disease occurs when the discs of the spine collapse and degrade. In extreme cases, the discs can completely collapse causing the vertebrae�s facet joints to rub against each other. This leads to osteoarthritis. The condition is accompanied by pain, inflammation, and loss of mobility.

How Do Glucosamine & Chondroitin Sulfates Help Degenerative Disc Disease?

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates are substances that occur naturally in the body. It is an essential element in cartilage maintenance and regeneration. They help to form new cartilage from within existing cartilage. They can actually help to rebuild the discs that have begun to degrade. Often they are taken as nutritional supplements.

Studies show that long term use of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate do indeed not just help arrest the development of spinal disc degeneration, they can also help to reverse the symptoms, especially if begun in the early stages of the disease. Treatment that incorporates these supplements result in decreased pain and improved range of motion. Patients may also notice strengthening of the back and increased flexibility. This is true even in patients who are older, in their 50�s and 60�s.

Patients may start noticing a decrease in pain as early as six months after beginning to take the supplement. After taking it consistently, the other benefits present over time. What is also important to note is that neither glucosamine nor chondroitin sulfate cause any adverse side effects. These supplements are safe and effective.

glucosamine for DDD MRI el paso tx.

Chiropractic For Degenerative Disc Disease

Chiropractic is a complementary treatment to combine with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate for degenerative disc disease. Chiropractic alone is very effective for many spine and neck disorders, including degenerative disc disease. It is a natural, non-invasive treatment that does not use medications but instead incorporates lifestyle changes, diet, and exercise recommendations to provide whole body wellness. While chiropractic works very well to treat pain, improve mobility, and increase flexibility, it has actually been proven to stop the progression of degenerative disc disease and even reverse its effects.

Using chiropractic for degenerative disc disease and combining it with supplements that include glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate is a very effective system for relieving the pain and other symptoms. In several studies, many patients saw improvement and decrease in symptoms faster than patients who used the supplements alone. Combining these treatments is usually the best course of action to help patients suffering from this devastating disease.

When treating any condition, it is always best to go the most natural route possible. The fewer synthetic substances and manufactured toxins that are introduced into the body, the better chance the patient has of a more thorough and faster healing or at the very least a dramatic decrease in symptoms.

Injury Medical Clinic: Herniated Disc Treatment & Recovery

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