The body’s core muscles are used for stability, balance, lifting, pushing, pulling, and movement. Engaging the core muscles means bracing and tightening the abdominal muscles, which include the latissimus dorsi/lats, paraspinal muscles, gluteus maximus/glutes, and trapezius/traps. When engaged, the trunk muscles help maintain spinal stability, support the spine and pelvis in sitting and resting positions and during dynamic movements, and help prevent injury.
Engaging The Core
To know how to engage the core, individuals need to understand what the core is. The most important muscles for engaging the core include: These muscles are involved every time the body inhales and exhales, in posture control, and when using the bathroom, they start and stop the process.
Rectus Abdominis
The rectus abdominis muscle is responsible for the six-pack.
It’s a long, flat muscle that extends from the pubic bone to the sixth and seventh ribs.
The rectus abdominis is primarily responsible for bending the spine.
External Obliques
These are the muscles on either side of the rectus abdominis.
The external obliques allow the torso to twist, bend sideways, flex the spine, and compress the abdomen.
Internal Obliques
The internal obliques lie below the external obliques.
They work with the external obliques in the same functions.
Transverse Abdominis
This is the deepest layer of muscle in the abdomen.
It completely wraps around the torso and extends from the ribs to the pelvis.
The transverse abdominis are not responsible for spine or hip movement but for stabilizing the spine, compressing the organs, and supporting the abdominal wall.
Latissimus Dorsi
Commonly known as the lats, these muscles run along both sides of the spine from just below the shoulder blades to the pelvis.
The lats help stabilize the back, especially when extending the shoulders.
They also contribute to body ability when twisting from side to side.
Erector Spinae
The erector spinae muscles are on each side of the spine and extend down the back.
These muscles are responsible for extending and rotating the back and side-to-side movement.
These are considered postural muscles and are almost always working.
What Not To Do
Individuals learn from mistakes, which might make learning how to engage the core easier by understanding what not to do. Common examples of failing to or not engaging the core correctly.
The back slumps when sitting down – the upper body lacks strength and stability.
When bending, the stomach sticks out more.
Swaying or leaning far to one side when walking – lack of lower body strength causes balance and stability problems.
The lower abdomen and back present with discomfort and pain symptoms.
Training
Engaging the core decreases the chance of sustaining an injury at home, work, or exercising and can help with chronic back pain. It creates a stable musculature around the spine that keeps the vertebrae from over-flexing, over-extending, and bending too far to one side. Engaging the core muscles can mean different things, depending on what is trying to be achieved.
For example, if doing bending work, the muscles needed, and the order in which they contract differs from when trying to maintain balance while standing on one leg.
The muscles engaged will differ in their movement depending on whether an individual is:
Trying to move the spine or stabilize it.
Pushing or pulling weight.
Standing, sitting, or lying down.
For a strong and functional core, the objective is to be able to engage the core in any situation. Engaging the core can be challenging, but with training and practice, the body becomes stronger. Practice engaging the core throughout daily activities that include.
Bracing the core while standing, sitting at a workstation or desk, and walking.
Day-to-day activities, like reaching for something from a high shelf, grocery shopping, and taking the stairs.
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic can create a personalized program to address musculoskeletal issues, core training, targeted exercise, stretching, nutrition, massage, and adjustments to get the body to optimal health and maintain health.
The Non-Surgical Solution
References
Eickmeyer, Sarah M. “Anatomy and Physiology of the Pelvic Floor.” Physical Medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America vol. 28,3 (2017): 455-460. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2017.03.003
Lawson, Samantha, and Ashley Sacks. “Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy and Women’s Health Promotion.” Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health vol. 63,4 (2018): 410-417. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12736
Seaman, Austin P et al. “Building a Center for Abdominal Core Health: The Importance of a Holistic Multidisciplinary Approach.” Journal of gastrointestinal surgery: official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract vol. 26,3 (2022): 693-701. doi:10.1007/s11605-021-05241-5
Vining, Robert, et al. “Effects of Chiropractic Care on Strength, Balance, and Endurance in Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of Alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) vol. 26,7 (2020): 592-601. doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0107
Weis, Carol Ann, et al. “Chiropractic Care for Adults With Pregnancy-Related Low Back, Pelvic Girdle Pain, or Combination Pain: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Manipulative and physiological therapeutics vol. 43,7 (2020): 714-731. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.005
Zachovajeviene, B et al. “Effect of the diaphragm and abdominal muscle training on pelvic floor strength and endurance: results of a prospective randomized trial.” Scientific Reports vol. 9,1 19192. 16 Dec. 2019, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55724-4
A big part of sports is avoiding and preventing injuries, as injury prevention is far better than rehabilitation and recovery. This is where prehabilitation comes in. Prehabilitation is a personalized, constantly evolving, and developing strengthening exercise program. The program aims to provide sports-specific targeted exercises and activities to maintain athletes’ physical abilities and mental preparedness for their sport. The first step is for an athletic trainer, sports chiropractor, and physical therapist to examine the individual.
Prehabilitation
Everybody is different when it comes to developing an effective prehabilitation program. Every individual’s program should be progressive and re-evaluated to adapt and adjust to the athlete’s needs. The first step is learning to prevent injuries and following basic injury prevention protocols. Knowing what to do when the body sustains an injury, like home treatment and when it’s time to see a doctor.
Athletes
Athletes of all levels are recommended to incorporate a prehabilitation program into their training. As athletes engage in their sport, their bodies adjust to the physical demands of practicing, playing, and training. Imbalances can happen naturally with normal activity but become more pronounced with each practice, game, and training session and often are the cause of injury. The repetitive movements and regular stresses can cause neuromusculoskeletal symptoms to present. This includes:
Tightness of muscle groups.
Pain and discomfort symptoms.
Stabilization issues.
Strength imbalances.
Program
A chiropractic therapist will measure the individual’s range of motion and strength, biomechanics, evaluate medical history, and present health status. Individuals with an injury or a condition can also benefit from prehabilitation.
Each program is personalized and will address total body balance, sports-specific needs, and weaknesses.
The exercises will balance strength, coordination, range of motion, and stabilization.
The premise is looking at and comparing movements from left to right, front to back, and upper to lower body.
Activities can be subtle, focused exercises or a complex movement sequence to stabilize or improve a specific skill.
Programs focus on strengthening and stabilizing the core, abdominals, hips, and back.
Instability is common and often presents from a lack of core training, as athletes tend to focus on what parts of the body their specific sport utilizes, leaving the core without a regular training routine.
A prehabilitation program has to be constantly updated to adjust to the individual’s progress.
Tools like foam rollers, balance boards, weights, and exercise balls are used.
Training
Prehabilitation should start before any acute or chronic injury occurs, but often it takes a few injuries for individuals to decide to get into a prehabilitation program. Depending on an athlete’s training cycle, prehabilitation can be incorporated into practice or as an independent workout and become part of an athlete’s training routine. A session can include the following:
Warm-up and cool-down exercises.
Exercises to perform while resting or waiting during practice.
A targeted workout on specific weaknesses.
A complete workout for days off or active rest days.
Mini workouts for when traveling and recovery days.
For athletes, feeling challenged and motivated can be the difference between success and failure. Working with a trainer, sports chiropractor, and therapists who know sports, understand athletic needs, and communicate well, will contribute to a successful prehabilitation program.
Improving Athletic Performance
References
Durrand, James et al. “Prehabilitation.” Clinical medicine (London, England) vol. 19,6 (2019): 458-464. doi:10.7861/clinmed.2019-0257
Giesche, Florian, et al. “Evidence for the effects of prehabilitation before ACL-reconstruction on return to sport-related and self-reported knee function: A systematic review.” PloS one vol. 15,10 e0240192. 28 Oct. 2020, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240192
Halloway S, Buchholz SW, Wilbur J, Schoeny ME. Prehabilitation Interventions for Older Adults: An Integrative Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2015;37(1):103-123. doi:10.1177/0193945914551006
Smith-Ryan, Abbie E et al. “Nutritional Considerations and Strategies to Facilitate Injury Recovery and Rehabilitation.” Journal of athletic training vol. 55,9 (2020): 918-930. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-550-19
Vincent, Heather K, and Kevin R Vincent. “Rehabilitation and Prehabilitation for Upper Extremity in Throwing Sports: Emphasis on Lacrosse.” Current sports medicine reports vol. 18,6 (2019): 229-238. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000606
Vincent, Heather K et al. “Injury Prevention, Safe Training Techniques, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport in Trail Runners.” Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation vol. 4,1 e151-e162. 28 Jan. 2022, doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2021.09.032
The function of the arm is to allow for movement of the wrist and hand. Various muscles initiate the arm’s actions, large muscles flex and extend, pronate and supinate, and the more sensitive muscles allow fine motor control. Lifting capacity and grip strength come from the arm muscles, making them essential for all types of activities. Because of the many functions and jobs the hands and arms do, added stress is placed on them. Arm discomfort symptoms, radiating pain, weakness, numbness, and tingling are common conditions. Chiropractic care can relieve injury symptoms and restore mobility and function.
Arm Discomfort Symptoms
The muscles of the upper arm, the biceps, and the triceps, control the movement and positioning of the elbow joint, and the muscles of the forearm control the wrist and hand. There are 30 bones from the top of the arm to the tip of the finger that include:
The humerus in the upper arm.
Ulna and radius in the forearm.
Carpal bones in the wrist.
Metacarpals and phalanges make up the hand and fingers.
The joints allow movement between the bones and are stabilized by ligaments and joint capsules.
Symptoms
Discomfort or Radiation
Symptoms vary based on the severity of the injury but commonly include.
Numbness and tingling in the elbow, forearm, or hand can develop.
Pain sensations often radiate to other areas.
Causes
Individuals that work with their hands related to work, home tasks, sports, or hobby activities, such as construction workers, hair stylists, store cashiers, graphic artists, automotive technicians, carpenters, painters, butchers, and more, have an increased risk of injury and developing chronic conditions. Work that involves manually cutting, writing, typing, gripping, operating motorized tools, hair clippers, working with animals, etc., makes the arms susceptible to injury from the constant stress on the ligaments. Common overuse injuries affecting the upper extremity include:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
These conditions involve the nerves of the forearm.
Prolonged or repetitive bending or flexing of the wrist or elbow can generate swelling pressure that compresses the nerve/s.
Symptoms include numbness, coldness, tingling, and/or weakness in the hand and fingers.
Tennis, Golfer, and Pitcher Elbow
These conditions involve the inflammation of the tendon structures surrounding the elbow joint.
Repeating the same motion over and over causes damage.
This leads to tenderness and pain inside and surrounding the elbow.
De Quervain’s syndrome affects tendon structure in the wrist.
Swelling near the base of the thumb.
Individuals have difficulty grasping objects.
This is common for landscapers, gardeners, and sports where constant gripping is involved.
Tendonitis
Tendons attach muscles and bones
The condition causes tendon inflammation, presenting pain in the area around single or multiple joints.
Common types include wrist tendonitis, pitcher’s shoulder, and swimmer’s shoulder.
Tendon Tears
Overuse and frequent stress from continuous motion can wear tendons to the point of partial or complete tearing.
Rotator cuff tears in the shoulder are often caused by overuse wearing down.
Chiropractic Treatment
Chiropractic and massage therapy can rehabilitate arm injuries, restore function and reduce arm discomfort symptoms. Treatment includes:
Ice or heat treatment.
Manual therapy – soft tissue massage and trigger point alleviation.
Joint mobilization.
Taping or bracing support.
Rehabilitation targeted exercises.
Work and sports modification training.
Training on upper extremity overuse, practicing caution, and knowing when to seek professional medical help.
Shoulder Pain Rehabilitation
References
Bass, Evelyn. “Tendinopathy: why the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis matters.” International Journal of therapeutic massage & Bodywork vol. 5,1 (2012): 14-7. doi:10.3822/ijtmb.v5i1.153
Cutts, S et al. “Tennis elbow: A clinical review article.” Journal of Orthopaedics vol. 17 203-207. 10 Aug. 2019, doi:10.1016/j.jor.2019.08.005
Hoe, Victor C W, et al. “Ergonomic design and training for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck in adults.” The Cochrane Database of systematic reviews vol. 2012,8 CD008570. 15 Aug. 2012, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008570.pub2
Konijnenberg, H S et al. “Conservative treatment for repetitive strain injury.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health vol. 27,5 (2001): 299-310. doi:10.5271/sjweh.618
Luger, Tessy, et al. “Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers.” The Cochrane Database of systematic reviews vol. 7,7 CD012886. 23 Jul. 2019, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012886.pub2
Pitzer, Michael E et al. “Elbow tendinopathy.” The Medical Clinics of North America vol. 98,4 (2014): 833-49, xiii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.04.002
Verhagen, Arianne P et al. “Conservative interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults.” The Cochrane Database of systematic reviews vol. 2013,12 CD008742. 12 Dec. 2013, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008742.pub2
Zaremski, Jason L et al. “Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review.” Journal of athletic training vol. 54,10 (2019): 1030-1039. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-333-18
Automobile accidents are emotionally and physically traumatic events. After an accident, individuals assume that they are okay if they don’t have any broken bones or gashing cuts. However, even minor accidents can lead to significant damage, but the individual doesn’t know it. An invisible/delayed injury is any injury that is not immediately obvious or is not experienced by the individual until hours, days, or weeks later. The most common are soft tissue injuries, back injuries, whiplash, concussions, and internal bleeding. This is why it is imperative to see a doctor or chiropractic accident specialist as soon as possible after an accident.
Invisible Injuries Auto Accidents
The body goes into a fight or flight mode in a vehicle accident. That means a massive adrenaline surge makes anything happening to the body go unnoticed and unfelt. The individual does not feel pain and discomfort symptoms until later or much later.
Soft Tissue
A soft tissue injury affects muscles, tendons, ligaments, and body parts other than bone.
Even at low speeds, accidents, and collisions generate a significant force on the body.
Drivers and passengers often come to a sudden stop along with the vehicle or get thrown around.
This places intense stress on joints and other areas of the body.
Whiplash
The most common invisible soft-tissue injury is whiplash.
Where the neck muscles are suddenly and forcefully thrown forward and then back, causing the muscles and ligaments to stretch beyond their normal range of motion.
The injury typically results in pain, swelling, reduced mobility, and headaches.
Symptoms may not present right away.
Left untreated, whiplash can lead to long-term chronic pain.
Head Injuries
Head injuries are another common invisible injury.
Even if the head did not hit/impact anything, the force and momentum can cause the brain to collide with the inside of the skull.
This can lead to a concussion or even more serious brain injuries.
Concussion
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury. Individuals can have a concussion without losing consciousness, depending on the accident’s severity. Symptoms may be delayed or not experienced, but delayed treatment can lead to a longer recovery. Symptoms can include:
Fatigue.
Headache.
Confusion.
Inability to remember the accident.
Nausea.
Ringing in the ears.
Dizziness.
Back Muscles or Spine Injuries
Back muscles and spinal cord injuries are invisible injuries that can happen after an automobile accident. Signs of a back injury include:
The back muscles can be strained due to the impact and tension build-up.
Sore muscles or pain may not present until a day or two later.
Body stiffness.
Reduced mobility.
Muscle spasms.
Trouble walking, standing, or sitting.
Headaches.
Numbness and tingling.
Injuries to the spine, even serious ones, may not be apparent immediately.
The impact can cause the spine to shift out of alignment profoundly.
Swelling and bleeding in or around the spinal cord can cause numbness or paralysis that can gradually progress.
This invisible injury can have long-term consequences, including paralysis.
Chiropractic Care
Chiropractic is an effective treatment for neuromusculoskeletal injuries. The chiropractor will assess the damage and its severity to determine the best treatment for the individual. It relieves pain and discomfort symptoms, loosens and relaxes the muscles, and restores alignment, mobility, and a full range of motion. Chiropractic uses several tools and techniques to restore the spine and body balance. Results include:
Barach, P, and E Richter. “Injury prevention.” The New England Journal of Medicine vol. 338,2 (1998): 132-3; author reply 133. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801083380215
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Intercostal muscles are the muscles within the rib cage, commonly called the intercostals, which connect the ribs and make up the chest wall. An intercostal muscle strain refers to an injury between two or more ribs. If these muscles become overstretched, restricted, or suffer damage, it can cause inflammation and significant pain in the middle and upper back. Intercostal muscle strain is a common injury in athletes and physically demanding jobs. Chiropractic care and massage therapy can realign the vertebrae with the ribs and loosen and relax the muscles to increase circulation and restore mobility and function.
Intercostal Muscle Strain
The intercostal muscles have different layers attached to the ribs to help build the chest wall and assist in breathing. There are 11 intercostal muscles on each side of the rib cage. Each set is located between connected ribs in the upper and mid-back and consists of the following:
External
These are the outermost intercostals, responsible for expanding the chest during breathing to help inhale air and allow full deep breaths.
The external intercostals originate at the lower edge of a rib and run diagonally to attach to the upper edge of the rib below.
They are found in the rib cage’s back, sides, and front.
Internal
These sit directly underneath the externals and help collapse the chest during breathing to exhale.
The muscle fibers run perpendicular to the external intercostals, moving diagonally from front to back along the ribs, and are in the entire rib cage.
Innermost
These sit directly underneath, run parallel to the internal intercostals, and run from the back of the rib cage to each side.
The veins, arteries, and nerves lie between the internal and innermost intercostals.
When an intercostal muscle gets twisted, overused, or stretched too far, it can tear, causing muscle strain. Often radiating pain along the rib cage is experienced that extends to the back.
Causes
An intercostal muscle strain often occurs as the result of an injury or overexertion of the muscles. Common causes include:
Trauma to the rib cage, such as from a fall or automobile collision.
Impact trauma from sports or physical activities.
Over twisting the torso beyond its normal range of motion from lifting weights, sports, yoga postures, or dance positions.
Repeatedly reaching overhead for work or tasks like cleaning or painting.
Lifting heavy objects above shoulder height.
Repetitive torso movements.
A sudden increase in physical activity that the body is not used to can also lead to intercostal muscle strain.
This can happen when a lack of conditioning or unhealthy postures weaken muscles.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms can vary, depending on the severity and cause. Symptoms can include:
Intercostal muscle spasms.
Mobility difficulties.
Inflammation, swelling, and sensitivity in the affected area.
Stiffness and tension, causing upper back pain.
Upper back and rib pain.
Tenderness in the area between the ribs.
Muscle rigidity when bending or twisting the upper body.
Gradual worsening pain after repetitive movements.
Worsening pain when coughing, sneezing, or breathing in deeply.
Severe and sudden pain, particularly if caused by direct trauma to the chest or back.
Chiropractic
Diagnosis involves the individual’s medical history and a physical exam to check for movement limitations and assess affected and sensitive areas. Once the inflammation is reduced, chiropractic and physical therapy will focus on the following:
Pain relief treatment.
Breathing exercises.
Posture training.
Stretching under supervision.
Strengthing exercises.
Most cases fully heal within 6 to 8 weeks.
Rib Muscle Injury
References
De Troyer, A et al. “Mechanics of intercostal space and actions of external and internal intercostal muscles.” The Journal of clinical investigation vol. 75,3 (1985): 850-7. doi:10.1172/JCI111782
Lord, Michael J, and William G Carson Jr. “Multiple Rib Stress Fractures.” The Physician and sports medicine vol. 21,5 (1993): 80-91. doi:10.1080/00913847.1993.11947575
Morrison W. What is an intercostal muscle strain? Medical News Today. Jan 2020
Page P. Current Concepts in Muscle Stretching for Exercise and Rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012;7(1):109-119.
Park, Kyung-hee, et al. “Difference in selective muscle activity of thoracic erector spinae during prone trunk extension exercise in subjects with slouched thoracic posture.” PM & R: the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation vol. 7,5 (2015): 479-84. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.10.004
Tran H. Causes of Intercostal Muscle Strain. Spine-health. October 2017
Yoo, Won-Gyu. “Effect of a combined thoracic and backward lifting exercise on the thoracic kyphosis angle and intercostal muscle pain.” Journal of physical therapy science vol. 29,8 (2017): 1481-1482. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1481
Yoo, Won-Gyu. “Effect of thoracic stretching, thoracic extension exercise and exercises for cervical and scapular posture on thoracic kyphosis angle and upper thoracic pain.” Journal of physical therapy science vol. 25,11 (2013): 1509-10. doi:10.1589/jpts.25.1509
The hamstring muscles attach, through a tendon called the proximal hamstring tendon, to the ischial tuberosity, the bones used to sit deep in the buttock muscles. When the tendon is subjected to overuse/repetitive stresses and strains, the internal structure can become compromised, leading to weakness and pain symptoms. This is known as proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Tendinopathy is an overuse injury where the tendon is repeatedly strained until microscopic tears form. It is common in athletes that do a lot of running but also in individuals that sit for prolonged periods. If left untreated, high hamstring tendinopathy can lead to progressive degeneration of the tissues, leading to chronic weakness, pain, and dysfunction.
High Hamstring Tendinopathy
The hamstrings are a powerful muscle group that extends the hip and flexes the knee. They experience stress and pressure during activity and inactivity/sitting and are susceptible to strain injuries. Tendons attach muscle to bone and are designed to take compressive and tensile weight/loads that stretch or flex. A tendon is made up of fibrous tissue containing organized type 1 collagen. Tendons receive blood; however, the supply is less where the tendon attaches to the bone and is commonly where tendinopathy occurs.
Injury
A hamstring injury involves the bruising, irritation, or tearing of the hamstring tendon or muscle tissue. Severity can range from:
Microtears that cause stiffness and pain symptoms but heal fast on their own.
Severe ruptures that cause debilitating pain, dysfunction and require medical intervention.
The tendon attaches to the ischial tuberosity or sitting buttock bone. Tendons can have a spasm-like reaction to sudden or quick shift changes. A sudden change can cause adverse changes to the tendon. Too much load on the tendon beyond its ability to recover can cause the structure to change and the collagen to break down/tear like a rope tearing and unraveling. High hamstring tendinopathy happens around the hip area and presents as buttock or upper thigh pain. Individuals report deep, dull, radiating buttock pain during walking, running, and prolonged sitting or driving. Sometimes the sciatic nerve can become irritated or entrapped by an affected tendon’s scar tissue, causing sciatica-like symptoms.
Stages of Tendon Pathology
Reactive Phase
Caused by an acute overload of physical activity or inactivity.
The tendon will thicken temporarily to decrease the stress; however, there may be no inflammation.
The tendon can return to normal if the load is reduced or sufficient time for recovery and repair is allowed.
Disrepair
Chronically overloaded.
Unsuccessful healing.
More negative tendon changes occur.
Reversibility is possible with load management and targeted exercises to stimulate the tendon and surrounding tissues.
Degenerative
Continual progression of adverse tendon changes.
More common in older individuals.
Continue load management and strength training to maximize the tendon’s tolerance.
Chiropractic Treatment
A chiropractic therapy team will develop a personalized treatment program to improve tendon structure and strengthen the hamstrings, gluteal, and side abdominal muscles. They will begin with tendon symptom-relieving massage to loosen the muscles and get the blood circulating, MET-targeted stretches to lengthen the muscles, and spinal and pelvic adjustments to realign the body.
Sciatica Explained
References
Buckley, Mark R et al. “Distributions of types I, II and III collagen by region in the human supraspinatus tendon.” Connective tissue research vol. 54,6 (2013): 374-9. doi:10.3109/03008207.2013.847096
Lempainen, Lasse, et al. “Expert opinion: diagnosis and treatment of proximal hamstring tendinopathy.” Muscles, ligaments, and tendons journal vol. 5,1 23-8. 27 Mar. 2015
Mattiussi, Gabriele, and Carlos Moreno. “Treatment of proximal hamstring tendinopathy-related sciatic nerve entrapment: presentation of an ultrasound-guided “Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis” application.” Muscles, ligaments, and tendons journal vol. 6,2 248-252. 17 Sep. 2016, doi:10.11138/mltj/2016.6.2.248
Ono, T et al. “Estimation of tensile force in the hamstring muscles during overground sprinting.” International Journal of sports medicine vol. 36,2 (2015): 163-8. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1385865
White, Kristin E. “High hamstring tendinopathy in 3 female long-distance runners.” Journal of chiropractic medicine vol. 10,2 (2011): 93-9. doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2010.10.005
Wilson, Thomas J et al. “Sciatic Nerve Injury After Proximal Hamstring Avulsion and Repair.” Orthopedic Journal of sports medicine vol. 5,7 2325967117713685. 3 Jul. 2017, doi:10.1177/2325967117713685
When it comes to the body, the lower portion has three compartments of muscles that work together to provide stability and mobility to the host when they are in motion. The anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments have numerous muscles, tissues, and ligaments that support the spine and allow the musculoskeletal system to do various movements without pain. When normal factors affect the body, it can cause symptoms of overlapping risk profiles that can lead to musculoskeletal pain disorders associated with pain-like symptoms in the joints and muscles. Today we will look at one of the muscle compartments known as the postural muscles, how postural pain affects the body, and how manual therapy combined with the MET technique can improve the postural muscles. We mention valuable information about our patients to certified medical providers who use methods like the MET combined with manual therapy to reduce pain-like symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders. We encourage patients by referring them to our associated medical providers based on their findings. We support that education is a marvelous way to ask our providers the most interesting questions at the patient’s acknowledgment. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., incorporates this information as an educational service. Disclaimer
What Are The Postural Muscles?
Are you experiencing muscle stiffness in your lower back? What about aches and pain in your shoulders and neck? Or have you noticed your legs feel heavy after sitting down for a long time? Many of these issues are associated with the postural muscles that are causing pain to the musculoskeletal system. So what are the postural muscles in the musculoskeletal system? Well, they are the core muscles that are deep within the abdomen, pelvis, and back. Research studies reveal that the curvature of the spine (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions) communicates and works with the central nervous system and musculoskeletal system to provide balance, support, and resistance against pressure on the body. The postural muscles are important in the body as they ensure the host has perfect posture when walking, sitting, or standing. Additional studies mentioned that good postural and stability control are the fundamentals for motor skills. When a person has good postural control, it can help give them a stable gait when walking. However, as the body ages, the postural muscles can become weak and lead to muscle strain while affecting the joints and tendon structures.
The Effects Of Postural Pain In The Body
So what happens to the body when dealing with pain in the postural muscles, and how does it affect one’s posture? Research studies reveal that reducing back muscle endurance from prolonged sitting, slouching, or constantly looking down can cause muscle strain symptoms in the postural muscles. To that point, it can lead to increased development of low back pain and lumbar discomfort in the joints. As stated earlier, other factors like slouching, prolonged sitting, and constantly looking down can affect the lower back, shoulders, and neck. The various muscles that make up the shoulders and neck would become strained and tensed, leading to shoulder and neck pain that can cause discomfort. When these overlapping symptoms affect the body, it can cause many overlapping symptoms that can overlap and cause the individual to be miserable.
How Neck Injuries Affect The Body- Video
Have you been experiencing any muscle strain in your neck, shoulders, or lower back? Does stretching bring temporary relief? Or have you been dealing with heaviness in your legs? Many of these factors are associated with weak postural muscles that can contribute to poor posture, low back and neck pain, and other musculoskeletal issues. The video above explores the common causes and symptoms of neck injuries and how treatments like chiropractic care can help alleviate the symptoms. Treatments like chiropractic care utilize manual manipulation and various techniques to help realign the body and reduce any musculoskeletal disorders associated with pain. Chiropractic care is non-invasive and works with other medical professionals to restore the body naturally.
Manual Therapy & MET On Postural Muscles
So what can one do when dealing with postural pain and trying to find relief? Many individuals go to treatments like chiropractic care, which can allow the body to be realigned and restored naturally. Treatments like chiropractic care can help restore good posture in the spine while relieving and reducing excess pain and strain on the various muscles, tendons, and joints. Additionally, chiropractors use techniques like the MET technique to reduce stress on the soft tissues and restore the joint’s range of motion. According to the book, “Clinical Applications of Neuromuscular Techniques,” Leon Chaitow N.D., D.O., and Judith Walker DeLany L.M.T., stated that muscle restoration is accompanied by biomechanical solutions and strategies that are introduced to the body and become a key focus on the muscles that required strengthening, enhancing, and improve breathing and posture function. When therapists like chiropractors and massage therapists use the MET technique, the affected muscles can be stretched and strengthened while restoring the structural and functional imbalances the body has endured. This can help improve postural muscles while allowing the body to heal naturally. This allows the individual to be mindful of how they present themselves with good posture.
Conclusion
Overall, the body requires the postural muscles to help stabilize and keep the body mobile. When musculoskeletal disorders associated with pain started to affect the muscles through bad posture or other normal factors, it can cause these muscles to be weak and develop musculoskeletal conditions that can lead many individuals to constant pain. Luckily therapies like chiropractic care combined with the MET technique allow the affected muscles to be stretched and strengthened. This allows the body to be realigned and restored naturally. Incorporating stretching combined with chiropractic care can help many individuals be mindful of their posture and enable them to continue their health and wellness journey without pain.
References
Carini, Francesco, et al. “Posture and Posturology, Anatomical and Physiological Profiles: Overview and Current State of Art.” Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 28 Apr. 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6166197/.
Chaitow, Leon, and Judith Walker DeLany. Clinical Applications of Neuromuscular Techniques. Churchill Livingstone, 2003.
Jung, Kyoung-Sim, et al. “Effects of Prolonged Sitting with Slumped Posture on Trunk Muscular Fatigue in Adolescents with and without Chronic Lower Back Pain.” Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), U.S. National Library of Medicine, 23 Dec. 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7822118/.
Ludwig, Oliver, et al. “Neuromuscular Performance of Balance and Posture Control in Childhood and Adolescence.” Heliyon, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 31 July 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7398941/.
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