Exercise and Dementia: How Movement Helps Brain Health

Can older people who exercise regularly lessen their risk of dementia and enhance their overall health?

Exercise and the Prevention of Dementia

Dementia, a term used to cover several conditions that impact memory and cognition, is currently the seventh leading cause of mortality worldwide. (World Health Organization, 2025) More than 10 million new cases of dementia are found around the world each year. (J.H. Yoon et al., 2023) Research investigating the relationship between exercise and insulin in the brain suggests that regular exercise may improve brain function and decrease the prevalence of dementia. Scientists have discovered that variables, such as.

• Elevated blood pressure
• Elevated blood sugar
• Age
• increase the chance of developing dementia. (World Health Organization, 2025)

Muscles must be exercised and mobilized. People who do not engage in physical activity have rigid muscles, which impede the effectiveness of insulin. The body’s sensitivity to insulin is improved by the contraction and relaxation of the muscles during movement. Dementia can be prevented by understanding how to decrease the body’s insulin resistance.

Physical Activity and Lower Risk

Over two weeks, researchers examined 21 older adults with prediabetes and found that exercise enhances cognitive performance by aiding the brain in insulin regulation. They conducted twelve supervised training sessions of moderate to extreme intensity. (Malin S. K. et al., 2025)

• The results indicated that brain-derived extracellular vesicles containing insulin-related proteins had significantly increased.
• These microscopic messengers are essential for brain maintenance and aid in neuronal communication.
• Three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases known as AKT (protein kinase B, or PKB) are essential for several cellular functions, such as cell growth, survival, metabolism, and cell cycle control.
• The protein affects the development and health of neuronal cells and is thought to play a significant role in insulin signaling.
• The notion that exercise might help prevent dementia by potentially enhancing insulin signaling is important since poor insulin response can result in dementia.

Even while further research is needed, these findings prove that physical activity could be a cost-effective and easily accessible way to improve long-term brain health. To better understand how insulin affects brain activity, researchers will use MRIs and an insulin spray in the study’s next phase. To learn more about the effects of the insulin spray, they will compare the blood flow in the brain before and after it is administered.

Insulin and Exercise Are Essential for Brain Health

Insulin is a hormone that the pancreas makes. It controls blood sugar levels. But it’s just as vital for the health of the brain. Insulin binds to many receptors in the brain, which makes synaptic connections stronger and makes it easier for neurons to talk to each other. Both of these things help with memory and learning. (Gray, S. M., Meijer, R. I., & Barrett, E. J. 2014)

Type 2 diabetes, which impairs insulin transmission, increases the risk of cognitive impairment. (Yoon J.H. et al., 2023) Research has demonstrated that insulin resistance exacerbates tau tangles and amyloid-beta plaques, which are two critical characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease. (Hong, S., Han, K., & Park, C. Y. 2021) Increasing insulin sensitivity may slow down or even stop these changes in the brain. Working out, especially aerobic exercise, is good for the brain. According to earlier research, exercise can help people maintain or enhance their memory and brain function. (Rosenberg A. et al., 2020) Other ways to increase brain health include:

• Maintaining social interaction
• Challenging the mind
• Getting a good night’s sleep
• Controlling stress
• A nutritious diet
• Maintaining an active lifestyle
• Controlling diabetes
• Controlling blood pressure

To achieve the greatest possible effect, dementia prevention in the future will likely involve integrating lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, with medications. In individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, the risk of dementia is significantly reduced, and frequent exercise can assist in the preservation of optimal brain function.

Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic

As a family nurse practitioner, Dr. Jimenez uses the latest medical expertise and chiropractic therapy to address many problems. Our clinic uses functional medicine, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, and sports medicine to create individualized care plans that improve movement, encourage long-term health, and speed up the body’s natural healing process. We focus on strength, agility, and flexibility to help our patients thrive, regardless of age or health problems. At El Paso’s Chiropractic Rehabilitation Clinic & Integrated Medicine Center, we want to help people with chronic pain syndromes and injuries. We focus on improving flexibility, mobility, and agility through programs suitable for people of all ages and abilities. We ensure that each patient gets personalized care and reaches their health objectives through detailed care plans and health coaching in person and online.

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Is Movement Essential to Recovery?

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References

World Health Organization. (2025). “Dementia.” World Health Organization. from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact sheets/detail/dementia#:~:text=Alzheimer%20disease%20is%20the%20most,60%E2%80%9370%25%20of%20cases.

Yoon, J. H., Hwang, J., Son, S. U., Choi, J., You, S. W., Park, H., Cha, S. Y., & Maeng, S. (2023). How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer’s Disease?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043506

Malin, S. K., Battillo, D. J., Beeri, M. S., Mustapic, M., Delgado-Peraza, F., & Kapogiannis, D. (2025). Two weeks of exercise alters neuronal extracellular vesicle insulin signaling proteins and pro-BDNF in older adults with prediabetes. Aging cell, 24(1), e14369. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14369

Gray, S. M., Meijer, R. I., & Barrett, E. J. (2014). Insulin regulates brain function, but how does it get there?. Diabetes, 63(12), 3992–3997. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0340

Hong, S., Han, K., & Park, C. Y. (2021). The insulin resistance by triglyceride glucose index and risk for dementia: population-based study. Alzheimer’s research & therapy, 13(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00758-4

Rosenberg, A., Mangialasche, F., Ngandu, T., Solomon, A., & Kivipelto, M. (2020). Multidomain Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Dementia: From FINGER to World-Wide FINGERS. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, 7(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2019.41