Training means engaging in activity for fitness purposes or improving performance skills. Sports training is a process of preparation aimed at strengthening and maintaining high performance in sports activities. It is used by scientists and experts in sports science, biomechanics, exercise physiology, sports psychology, and fields like yoga and kinesiology. Regardless of fitness level, physical training, or exercise program, general sports training principles include:
Progression
Periodization/Regularity
Overload
Variety
Recovery
Balance
Specificity
Designed to improve fitness and performance, it includes strength training, conditioning, cardiovascular training, corrective and restorative exercises, mental and psychological training, and nutritional/health coaching.
Sports Training Principles
Progression
To improve fitness levels, an individual needs to increase the intensity and duration of their training routine gradually. Gradual and systematic increases in training stress maintain tissue overload and continue the body’s training adaptation. Training variables must be increased to induce further transformation. These include:
The rate of progression is important as progressing too fast can result in injury, while going too slow can delay improvement goals.
Periodization and Regularity
Maintaining a consistent exercise regimen is important, with training occurring at regular intervals.
Training three-five times each week is recommended.
Ensure adequate sleep to train at optimal levels.
A proper nutrition plan to operate at high capacity during training.
Varying training variables like activity, rest, frequency, intensity, and duration help maintain optimal stimulus and address goal adjustments to avoid overtraining, injury, and burnout.
Overload
Overloading occurs when the training exercise is more than an individual’s body can take. Challenging an individual’s current fitness and performance levels generates improvements. For example, soccer players alternate between sprinting, jogging, and backpedaling during games. They do 40-50-minute jogging sessions daily to maintain stamina and endurance.
This means pushing the body, so the heart works at a high percentage of its maximum capacity.
Determining the proper intensity level depends on various factors, including age, weight, and overall fitness level.
Excessive overload and/or inadequate rest can result in overtraining, injury, and decreased performance levels.
Variety
Becoming bored with physical training can happen very easily when performing the same routine.
Mixing things up by breaking up the routine and doing other activities is important.
This prevents boredom and can increase motivation to help achieve maximum results.
Recovery
Rest periods between physical training are essential for repairing muscle damage and removing metabolic waste.
The recommended recovery time is between 24 and 48 hours after training.
Alternating more difficult training exercises with easier exercises or alternating muscle groups so as not to work out the same muscles can also achieve recovery.
Not allowing the body to recover properly can lead to muscle fatigue, increasing the risk of injuries.
Balance
When developing a physical training program, it’s important to ensure the whole body is being worked out equally to achieve a balanced fitness level.
Balance routines for the upper and lower body.
Components of a balanced exercise plan include Strength, Cardio, and Flexibility training.
For example:
One day of aerobic exercises for cardio.
One day of rest.
One day of resistance training for strength.
Stretching at the beginning and the end of workouts to relax muscles and maintain flexibility.
Specificity
The principle of specificity recommends that individuals gear their training toward specific goals.
Specific training consists of exercises to develop specific strength, specific muscle groups, and specific motor abilities required for a sport.
Incorporating specific motions and sports tasks generates neuromuscular and metabolic adaptations and muscle memory.
Chiropractic Therapy
Sports chiropractors work closely with massage therapists, performance coaches, athletic trainers, and medical doctors with a diverse treatment approach that is applied based on the needs of the individual. Chiropractic will:
Improve performance.
Reduce the risk of injury.
Alleviate muscle stress.
Expedite injury healing.
Maintain body alignment.
Sports Chiropractor Rehabilitation
References
Kasper, Korey. “Sports Training Principles.” Current sports medicine reports vol. 18,4 (2019): 95-96. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000576
Maestroni, Luca, et al. “Strength and Power Training in Rehabilitation: Underpinning Principles and Practical Strategies to Return Athletes to High Performance.” Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) vol. 50,2 (2020): 239-252. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01195-6
Ralston, Grant W et al. “Weekly Training Frequency Effects on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysis.” Sports medicine – open vol. 4,1 36. 3 Aug. 2018, doi:10.1186/s40798-018-0149-9
Schleip, Robert, and Divo Gitta Müller. “Training principles for fascial connective tissues: scientific foundation and suggested practical applications.” Journal of bodywork and movement therapies vol. 17,1 (2013): 103-15. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.06.007
Van Proeyen, Karen, et al. “Beneficial metabolic adaptations due to endurance exercise training in the fasted state.” Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) vol. 110,1 (2011): 236-45. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2010
Toxin overload is the condition of having an excessive amount of toxins in the body. Harmful substances can come from water, food, cleaning products, and environmental sources that individuals are exposed to regularly. Toxins are also produced in the body by poor gut health through autointoxication. Considering the number of toxins from food additives, preservatives, and perfumes to cleaning products, cosmetic products, and plastic water bottles, much of everyday life include exposure to chemicals that are not healthy. That’s why it’s recommended to undergo regular detoxes to ensure optimal body function and disease prevention.
Toxin Overload
One of the main ways toxins damage the body is they poison the enzymes, which prevents the body from functioning correctly. The body relies on enzymes for every physiological function. When toxins damage the enzymes, the production of hemoglobin in the blood is prevented, which can accelerate aging and lead to the failure of energy production and lower protection against oxidated stress. The failure of normal body functions increases the risk of diseases that include:
Proper waste elimination is essential to optimal health.
80% of the immune system is in the gut, and with a compromised digestive system, toxins can begin to accumulate.
Fatigue
When the body efficiently delivers nutrients to the cells and eliminates waste, there should be balanced energy throughout the day.
Toxin overload can cause individuals to experience fatigue, even in individuals that eat healthily and exercise, which could be an indicator of accumulation.
Chronic fatigue and viral infections could present from a weakened immune system.
Muscle Joint Aches and Pains
When gut health is compromised, undigested food particles can cause tears in the lining of the intestinal wall leading to a leaky gut.
The food particles enter the bloodstream and can cause an inflammatory response.
They can lodge themselves in weak areas of the joints, causing pain and increased muscle soreness.
Proper digestion and detoxification help eliminate toxins from the joints and muscles and heal the damaged lining.
Insomnia
Sleep is when the body detoxes, repairs, and rejuvenates itself.
Sleep problems could be a sign that the body is struggling to detoxify.
Chronic Headaches
Chronic headaches often result from imbalances in the body resulting from toxin overload and obstructed/blocked detoxification pathways.
Fluid Retention and Congestion
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system. The primary function is to transport lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells essential for regulating inflammation.
Diet, hormone imbalances, sedentary lifestyle, medications, and genetics can contribute to fluid retention and congestion, causing stagnation of the lymphatic system.
If the system becomes congested, it can cause pain and swelling.
Unusual Weight Loss or Gain
Increased belly/visceral fat is the fat stored within the abdominal cavity. This is the most dangerous fat because of its proximity to vital organs like the liver, pancreas, and stomach.
Visceral fat or active fat influences how hormones function in the body. Stress, lack of exercise, and an unhealthy diet contribute to excess visceral fat.
Individuals trying to lose weight unsuccessfully could be a sign of having excessive toxins in the body.
Skin Problems
The skin reveals what’s happening inside the body.
Acne, rosacea, eczema, or other chronic skin issues, could indicate toxins are traveling through the skin.
When waste is not eliminated thoroughly through sweat, urine, and feces, the body could try to expel it through the skin.
Improving the body’s digestive and detoxification processes can help heal the root problem.
Giannini, Edoardo G et al. “Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians.” CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne vol. 172,3 (2005): 367-79. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1040752
Grant, D M. “Detoxification pathways in the liver.” Journal of inherited metabolic disease vol. 14,4 (1991): 421-30. doi:10.1007/BF01797915
Lala V, Goyal A, Minter DA. Liver Function Tests. [Updated 2022 Mar 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482489/
Mattick, R P, and W Hall. “Are detoxification programmes effective?.” Lancet (London, England) vol. 347,8994 (1996): 97-100. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90215-9
Seaman, David R. “Toxins, Toxicity, and Endotoxemia: A Historical and Clinical Perspective for Chiropractors.” Journal of chiropractic humanities vol. 23,1 68-76. 3 Sep. 2016, doi:10.1016/j.echu.2016.07.003
Soldiers routinely carry between 50 and 100 pounds of gear i.e. body armor, weapons, flack vests, rucksacks, and ammo.�This weight is directly affecting their spine and increasing spine related problems for military men and women. Carrying gear weighing over 10% of a persons body weight is known to cause damage to the spine and vertebral discs. It is no surprise that the main complaint from soldiers returning home would be neck & back pain, followed by hip and knee problems. The VA has seen over 396,000 veterans already for these musculoskeletal problems, which is roughly 31% of the returning soldiers. It is assumed many more have not sought medical care or have gone to private medical center.
The Spine Maximum Load Restriction
The spine is made to hold a human being up right, and allow freedom of movement. Like any structure there are �maximum load restrictions�. When we increase the weight placed on the spine by more than 10% of our normal body weight it begins to stress and degenerate the vertebral discs that act like the shock absorbers between the spinal vertebrae. If these discs become worn and degenerated the spine can no longer function correctly. Compensation and adaptation sets into the spine and other structures such as the hips, knees, and muscles of the back.
Posture Misalingment Will Degenerate The Spine & Cause Back Pain.
An excess amount of weight on the spine puts the body into a compromised postural position to balance the weight. This causes the postural distortions patterns, which are known to degenerate the spine and cause back pain. Soldiers are trained to handle extreme situations. They are �mentally tough� and physically fit, however the spine can�t be trained to withstand these extreme loads. Forcing ones body to maintain extreme stress and weight bearing begins to slowly deteriorate the spine.
Anybody Overloaded With Weight Will Damage The Spine
A soldier may be tough and made to deal with the pain and stress, however, as they age, these traumas to the spine weaken the spine reducing them to canes, wheel chairs, and in some cases in ability to even get out of bed. The pain is traumatic and the damage is done. Soldiers often experience the most extreme situation in excess weight bearing, however, many of our population is suffering from the same thing. According to the Center for Disease Control 70% of adults are overweight with 35% being considered obese. This excess weight in the form of fat is placing the same stress on societies spines as well.
Carrying 15 Pounds or More Can Lead To Spinal Disease.
A backpack, military gear, or body fat for a long period of time will damage the spine. To know for sure if you are developing these postural distortion patterns get a Posture Diagnosis Online from the American Posture Institute.
Military Health & Chiropractic
6 Bits of Advice
Habits
1. Reduce The Weight.
The most obvious way to change the problem is to reduce the amount of�weight you carry. Make purses, bags, and etc. lighter. Soldiers, look for options to reduce your load, or exchange items with lighter options.
2. Distribute The Weight Evenly
Extra weight should be evenly distributed on the body. Use two straps, one on both shoulders. Try to keep the weight as high up on the back as possible to reduce the stress on the low back. When possible use hip straps/support to help distribute the weight.
3. Maintain Proper Posture With Excess Weight.
Proper posture is crucial. Do not allow yourself to go into incorrect postural position. This will increase the stress on the muscles that protect your spine. Too much stress and these muscles give out and your spine takes the damage.
Rehabilitation
4. Strengthen The Postural Muscles
Core exercises will strengthen muscles that support the spine. Planking is an excellent exercise. Lay with your chest on the floor. Support your body weight on your toes and your elbows/forearms. Lift your body off the ground and maintain this position as long as possible.
5. Lose Weight.
Reduce extra body weight, which will remove stress from the spine and pressure from the vertebral discs.
Spinal Alignment
6. Spine Distraction TherapyThis therapy can be done at home to relieve stress on the vertebral discs. Lay with your upper body on a bed or soft surface. Let your legs hang off. The surface needs to be high enough that your knees don�t touch the ground. Allow gravity to pull your lower body down, which will expand the space between the vertebrae and allow the discs to return to a normal position.
Soldiers routinely carry between 50 and 100 pounds of gear i.e. body armor, weapons, flack vests, rucksacks, and ammo.
This weight is directly affecting the spine and increasing spine related problems for military men and women. Carrying gear weighing over 10% of a persons body weight is known to cause damage to the spine and vertebral disc.
For Answers to any questions you may have please call Dr. Jimenez at 915-850-0900
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Soldiers routinely carry between 50 and 100 pounds of gear i.e. body armor, weapons, flack vests, rucksacks, and ammo.�This weight is directly affecting their spine and increasing spine related problems for military men and women. Carrying gear weighing over 10% of a persons body weight is known to cause damage to the spine and vertebral discs. It is no surprise that the main complaint from soldiers returning home would be neck & back pain, followed by hip and knee problems. The VA has seen over 396,000 veterans already for these musculoskeletal problems, which is roughly 31% of the returning soldiers. It is assumed many more have not sought medical care or have gone to private medical center.
absorbers between the spinal vertebrae. If these discs become worn and degenerated the spine can no longer function correctly. Compensation and adaptation sets into the spine and other structures such as the hips, knees, and muscles of the back.
