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Female Hernia: Key Differences from Male Hernias

Female Hernia: Key Differences from Male Hernias

In females, hernia symptoms are often smaller and deeper without a noticeable lump and can mimic gynecological issues, with misdiagnoses being common. Can knowing the risk factors and how female hernias are treated help women get relief?

Female Hernia: Key Differences from Male Hernias

Female Hernia

A hernia occurs when an internal structure pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, the muscles, and the tissue covering the front of the torso. The more common include:

  • Groin hernia, known as an inguinal hernia.
  • Upper thigh or femoral hernia.

However, a hernia can develop anywhere from the ribcage to the upper thigh. Hernias are less common in women, have different symptoms than in men, and are often misdiagnosed. Lower abdominal and pelvic hernias present differently in women than men, who typically have a visible bulge. Instead, female hernias tend to be smaller, deeper, and less noticeable. They can also cause chronic pelvic pressure or pain that can be mistaken for gynecological problems.

Hernia Symptoms For a Woman

Hernias in women tend to be smaller and deeper than male hernias, with no lump showing. Instead, female hernias can cause chronic, deep pelvic pain and occasional sharp, stabbing pain that comes on fast and lingers. (Köckerling F., Koch A., & Lorenz R. 2019) Hernia pain worsens with exercise, laughing, coughing, or straining to evacuate the bowels. The pain is often described as:

  • Dull
  • Aching
  • Pinching
  • Sharp
  • Shooting
  • Burning

Inguinal hernia pain is usually felt at or above the groin and may radiate to the hip, lower back, vulva, or thigh. Many women find the pain increases during their menstrual cycle. The pain can also be exacerbated by any activity that generates extra pressure on the pelvic floor, including:

  • Prolonged sitting or standing.
  • Bending
  • Getting in or out of bed.
  • Getting in or out of a car.
  • Sexual intercourse

Emergency

Hernias in the pelvic area are at risk of becoming incarcerated hernias. An incarcerated hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine or other abdominal tissue becomes trapped in the hernial sac, making it impossible to push it back into place. If this gets trapped or strangulated, it can cause tissue death. Strangulated hernias are a medical emergency. Symptoms include:

  • Deep red or purple tissues.
  • The hernia bulge does not shrink when you lie down.

Other  symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention include: (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2025)

  • Worsening pain
  • Bloating
  • Difficulty with bowel movements
  • Nausea
  • Fever
  • A fast, racing heartbeat.

Contact a healthcare provider or the emergency room if experiencing any of the above symptoms.

Types

Hernias can occur anywhere on the abdominal wall. They may be caused by:

  • Internal pressure, such as during pregnancy.
  • A sports injury
  • Tissue weakness

Hernias in the lower abdomen or groin are typically indirect inguinal hernias. The inguinal canal comprises multiple layers of muscles and fascia that the thin round ligament threads through. Other groin and pelvic hernias include:

  • A direct inguinal hernia
  • A femoral hernia at the top of the inner thigh.
  • An obturator hernia in the front upper thigh, although this type is rare.

Other common hernias in women are:

  • Incisional hernia – at the site of a surgical incision
  • Umbilical hernia – around the belly button
  • Ventral hernia – abdominal midline

Less common hernias include:

  • Hiatal hernia – diaphragm
  • Perineal hernia – pelvic floor

Risk Factors

Risk factors for developing a hernia include: (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2025)

  • Obesity
  • Frequent constipation
  • Abdominal or pelvic surgery.
  • Allergies with chronic sneezing.
  • A chronic cough.
  • Collagen defects or connective tissue disorders.

Pregnancy and repeated pregnancies are linked to an increased risk of hernia. Types that are more common in pregnancy include:

  • Umbilical hernia
  • Ventral hernia
  • Inguinal hernia

Umbilical hernias are the most common. However, only a small percentage of pregnant individuals get them. (Kulacoglu H. 2018)

Diagnosis

A hernia diagnosis is made with a physical examination and, if needed, imaging studies. Patients are asked to describe their symptoms precisely, where the pain is located, and any activities that exacerbate it. To check for a hernia, the healthcare provider will palpate for a hernia while the patient sits, stands, or coughs. Imaging tests can include:

  • Ultrasound
  • CT scan
  • Endoscopy – a camera is used to see inside the esophagus and stomach.

Misdiagnoses

Female hernia symptoms can be vague, which often points healthcare providers in the wrong direction. Female hernias are commonly misdiagnosed as: (Köckerling F., Koch A., & Lorenz R. 2019)

  • Cysts in the reproductive organs
  • Endometriosis
  • Fibroid tumors

Treatment

A small hernia that does not cause problems or pain may be treated with a wait-and-evaluate protocol. A hernia often worsens over time and could eventually require surgery. (University of Michigan Health, 2024) Self-care treatments include:

Medical treatments usually start with conservative measures, including physical therapy, stretching, exercise, and rest. Physical therapists often use myofascial release techniques to relieve muscle spasms. Surgery may be needed to repair the weak area of the abdominal wall to relieve symptoms. (University of Michigan Health, 2024) Hernia repair surgery is typically performed as a laparoscopic surgery. (Köckerling F., Koch A., & Lorenz R. 2019) Most patients heal quickly from the surgery and can return to regular activities in a week or two.

Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic

Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.


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References

Köckerling, F., Koch, A., & Lorenz, R. (2019). Groin Hernias in Women-A Review of the Literature. Frontiers in surgery, 6, 4. doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2019.00004

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2025). How to tell if you have a hernia. www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/how-to-tell-if-you-have-a-hernia

Kulacoglu H. (2018). Umbilical Hernia Repair and Pregnancy: Before, during, after…. Frontiers in surgery, 5, 1. doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2018.00001

University of Michigan Health. (2024). Inguinal hernia: Should I have surgery now, or should I wait? www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/za1162

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2022). Sports hernia. orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/sports-hernia-athletic-pubalgia/

Northeast Georgia Health System. (2022). Living with a hernia. Northeast Georgia Health System Improving the health of our community in all we do. www.nghs.com/2022/02/15/living-with-a-hernia

Spinal Issues or Kidney Problems and An Accurate Diagnosis

Spinal Issues or Kidney Problems and An Accurate Diagnosis

Trying to understand what is causing back pain that comes out of nowhere, whether a spinal issue or a kidney issue can be quite challenging. Doing a self-examination, retracing steps, and constantly thinking about it is exhausting. The right healthcare professional that has experience in spinal issues, as well as, understanding various health conditions that can contribute to spine pain, and making the correct diagnosis can help in developing the proper treatment plan or refer the individual to the proper specialist.

The Kidneys

The organs are located below the ribs, close to the middle/thoracic back. Healthy kidneys support and help with:
11860 Vista Del Sol, Ste. 128 Spinal Issues or Kidney Problems and An Accurate Diagnosis
Individuals with a kidney condition can sometimes experience back pain caused by the disease or condition. Kidney problems like: These can easily be mistaken for mid and upper back pain. However, if there is persistent soreness or irritation it could mean a more significant health issue associated with the kidneys could be present.

Spine Problem or Stone/s

If there is a feeling of kidney pain it is possible to come from one of two places and/or both. This could be distension/ballooning of the capsule called the ureter that surrounds the kidneys. The ureters are the tubes that are attached to each kidney and transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Urine contains salts and minerals. These minerals can clump together creating a kidney stone and block the ureters. The ureter contracts from the stone that is creating the blockage.
When there is a blockage from a stone, the urine can back up and cause the capsule to expand causing pain. The pain location is usually on one side and is categorized as a dull ache – meaning the pain is constantly present and causing discomfort. Chronic back pain caused by nerve compression is typically on one side like sciatica. The pain from a stone can be only slight unless the stone is trying to move. Then the pain can be severe and last for several minutes before it passes. However, if the pain is excruciating and a kidney stone is suspected, go to the hospital and get an examination. Collecting the stone is crucial when it passes in order to be analyzed. A stone analysis will help in figuring the proper treatment to prevent another kidney stone/s from developing.

Spine Problem or Infection

A kidney infection could be another cause of back pain. Kidney infection/s are typically caused by bacteria. A dull throbbing could be sensed in the middle and/or upper back.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms associated with infection often include back, side, and groin pain as well as a combination of symptoms like:
  • Chills
  • Fever
  • Burning sensation when urinating
  • Constant sensation of needing to use the bathroom
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

Causes

Causes that can increase the chances of developing an infection.
  • Kidney stone/s
  • Nerve damage that affects the bladder
  • Spinal damage that does not allow the bladder to be emptied
  • Urinary tract infection
Older individuals can develop kidney infections without any underlying conditions. There are rare genetic diseases like polycystic kidney disease and Fabry disease that can cause kidney pain and be mistaken for back pain.
11860 Vista Del Sol, Ste. 128 Spinal Issues or Kidney Problems and An Accurate Diagnosis

Telling the Difference

There is no quick and easy way to figure out if it is back or kidney pain. Especially, if a constant aching is present. Seeing an experienced doctor or chiropractor is the recommended option for getting a formal and accurate diagnosis. A physical exam, family, and personal medical history will be collected along with various tests. Tests can include:
  • Urine analysis
  • Culture
  • Abdominal X-ray
  • CT scan
  • MRI
Pain medications and specific fluids are usually prescribed along with time to pass the stone. Antibiotics can be prescribed for kidney infections, chiropractic treatment can be suggested for spinal alignment/myofascial tense muscle release, and home remedies can help treat any discomfort. These can include:
  • Using ice/heat on the area where there is discomfort
  • Self-massage
  • Staying properly hydrated
  • Diet adjustment/s
  • Taking over the counter pain meds when necessary

Back Pain Specialist

 
 

Dr. Alex Jimenez�s Blog Post Disclaimer

The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, physical medicines, wellness, and sensitive health issues and/or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate and support directly or indirectly our clinical scope of practice.* Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation as to how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900. The provider(s) Licensed in Texas& New Mexico*
References
Tozzi, P et al. �Low back pain and kidney mobility: local osteopathic fascial manipulation decreases pain perception and improves renal mobility.��Journal of bodywork and movement therapies�vol. 16,3 (2012): 381-391. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.02.001
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