Back Clinic Diets. The sum of food consumed by any living organism. The word diet is the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight management. Food provides people with the necessary energy and nutrients to be healthy. By eating various healthy foods, including good quality vegetables, fruits, whole-grain products, and lean meats, the body can replenish itself with the essential proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals to function effectively.
Having a healthy diet is one of the best things to prevent and control various health problems, i.e., types of cancers, heart disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. Dr. Alex Jimenez offers nutritional examples and describes the importance of balanced nutrition throughout this series of articles. In addition, Dr. Jimenez emphasizes how a proper diet combined with physical activity can help individuals reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases like heart disease, and ultimately promote overall health and wellness.
Studies have demonstrated that reducing typical calorie consumption, usually by 30 to 40 percent, extends life span by a third or more in many animals, including fruit flies, nematodes and rodents. But the jury remains out, when it comes to calorie restriction in primates and individuals.
Although some studies have suggested that primates that eat less live longer, research concluded that restriction does not extend average life span in some species of monkeys. A section of the data confirms the idea that limiting food intake reduces the dangers of diseases common in older age and lengthens the period of life spent in good health, even if the research concludes that restriction does not help people live longer.
If only one could claim those advantages without being hungry all the time. In recent years researchers have concentrated on a strategy known as intermittent fasting as a promising option to continuous calorie restriction.
Intermittent fasting, including everything from regular multi-day fasts to skipping a meal or 2 on particular days of the week, may encourage a number of the identical health benefits that uninterrupted calorie restriction promises. The idea of intermittent fasting is palatable to people since somebody does not need to renounce the joys of eating. Studies suggest that rodents live as long as rats eating foods every moment consuming fewer calories overall than they would normally.
In a 2003 mouse analysis controlled by Mark Mattson, head of the National Institute on Aging’s neuroscience lab, mice that fasted regularly were healthier by some measures than mice subjected to constant calorie limitation; they had reduced levels of glucose and insulin in their blood, by way of instance, which signified increased sensitivity to insulin and a reduced risk of diabetes.
The First Fasts
Religions have long claimed that fasting is good for the soul, but its bodily benefits weren’t widely known until the early 1900s, when doctors began recommending it to treat different disorders, such as diabetes, obesity and epilepsy.
Associated research on calorie restriction took off in the 1930’s, following Cornell University nutritionist Clive McCay found that rats exposed to stringent daily dieting in an early age lived longer and were less likely to develop cancer and other ailments as they elderly, compared with animals that ate at will. Research on calorie restriction and periodic fasting intersected in 1945, when University of Chicago scientists reported that alternate-day feeding extended the life span of rats as much as exercising in McCay experiments. Additionally, intermittent fasting “appears to delay the development of the disorders that cause death,” that the Chicago researchers wrote.
Within the upcoming decades study into anti-aging diets took a backseat to more powerful clinical advances, like the continued development of antibiotics and coronary artery bypass operation. However, researchers also have resisted the idea that intermittent fasting lowers the risks of degenerative brain diseases in later life. Mattson and his colleagues have shown that fasting protects neurons from several types of harmful stress, at least in rodents. Among the earliest studies demonstrated that alternate-day feeding made the rats’ brains as they age, that induce damage akin to the kind cells endure. In follow-up rodent research, his team discovered that fasting slows cognitive decline in mice genetically engineered to mimic the signs of Alzheimer’s, suppresses motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease and protects against stroke damage. The 55-year-old researcher, who has a Ph.D. in biology although not a medical degree, has written or co-authored over 700 posts.
Mattson believes that intermittent fasting functions in part as a kind of moderate stress that continually revs up mobile defenses against molecular damage. For instance, occasional fasting increases the degrees of “chaperone proteins,” which forbid the incorrect assembly of other molecules at the cell. Additionally, fasting mice have greater degrees of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that prevents nervous nerves from dying. Low levels of BDNF are linked to Alzheimer’s, although it is still unclear whether these findings reflect cause and effect. Fasting also ramps up a sort of system in cells which eliminates damaged molecules, autophagy, including ones that have been tied to Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and other neurological diseases.
One of intermittent fasting’s major effects seems to be raising the body’s responsiveness to insulin, the hormone which regulates blood glucose. Sensitivity to insulin accompanies and obesity has been associated with diabetes and heart failure; people and long-lived animals tend to have unusually low insulinbecause their cells are more sensitive to the endocrine and therefore require less of it. A recent study in the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, Calif., revealed that mice that feasted on fatty foods for 2 hours each day and subsequently fasted for the remainder of each day did not become obese or show dangerously high insulin levels.
The idea that periodic fasting may offer some of the same health benefits as continuous calorie restriction–and allows for a few feasting while shedding down–has persuaded an increasing number of people to attempt it, says Steve Mount, a University of Maryland genetics professor who has moderated a Yahoo discussion group on intermittent fasting for more than seven decades. Intermittent fasting “isn’t a panacea–it’s always hard to lose weight,” adds Mount, who has fasted three days per week since 2004. “But the concept [that it activates the identical signaling pathways in cells as calorie restriction] makes sense.”
Further Research Still Needed
Despite the increasing excitement for intermittent fasting, scientists have conducted several powerful clinical trials, and its long term effects in people remain unclear. Still, a 1956 Spanish study sheds some light, states Louisiana-based physician James B. Johnson, who co-authored a 2006 evaluation of the research’s results. In the study, 60 men and women fasted and feasted on alternate days for 3 years. The 60 participants spent at the infirmary, and six died. Meanwhile, the 60 nonfasting seniors racked up 219 days that were infirmary, and 13 died.
In 2007 Johnson, Mattson and their colleagues published a clinical research demonstrating a quick, significant alleviation of asthma symptoms and various indications of inflammation in nine overweight asthmatics who near-fasted another day for 2 weeks.
Detracting from these promising results, however, the literature on intermittent fasting also includes several red flags. A 2011 study in rats suggests that long-term intermittent fasting raises tissue levels and blood sugar of compounds that may damage cells. In a 2010 study stiff heart tissue, which subsequently hastens the ability of the organ to pump blood was developed by occasionally fasting rats.
And a few weight-loss experts are skeptical about fasting, mentioning its hunger pangs and the possible hazards of compensatory gorging. Truly, the latest primate study on calorie restriction–the one that failed to extend life span–underscores the need for caution when altering the way people eat.
However, from an evolutionary perspective, three meals a day is a peculiar modern invention. Volatility in our ancestors’ food supplies brought on fasting–not to mention starvation and malnutrition. Yet Mattson considers that pressures that are such selected for genes that brain areas involved in learning and memory, which increased the likelihood of finding food and surviving. Intermittent fasting may be both smartening and a wise way, if he’s correct.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic and spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss options on the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .�
By Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topics: Wellness
Overall health and wellness are essential towards maintaining the proper mental and physical balance in the body. From eating a balanced nutrition as well as exercising and participating in physical activities, to sleeping a healthy amount of time on a regular basis, following the best health and wellness tips can ultimately help maintain overall well-being. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables can go a long way towards helping people become healthy.
For the majority of individuals, fasting all day and then having a good evening meal is the best strategy for a fast day. A small calorie allowance on fast times is of 500-600 calories. A single 500 calorie meal can be very substantial, but you may be able to possess mini-meals if you try to spread the calories more than dinner, lunch and breakfast.
Most men and women find that eating just a small amount only cures the hunger pangs for a brief time and actually makes them hungrier for the rest of the day, therefore it is generally best to avoid snacking on fast days and spare your calories until you can have a full healthy meal.
In addition to being easier for many people, waiting to eat before is also more effective for weight loss, as you will have fasted for longer. A survey inquired into the factors that influence weight loss on the 5:2 diet has proven this. The analysis of our survey questionnaire discovered that fasting for over 20 hours on a fast day led to a greater weight loss than fasting for less than 16 hours. There are lots of possible scientific explanations for why this could be.
Some snacks you may find hit a bit of a low point at about 4 pm. A drink or a snack that is small may be the answer. In case you have problems with not sleeping well on a fast day, saving some calories may be the solution.
You make the rules here: should fasting daily does not suit you, don’t feel you need to follow this advice. You may discover that you would rather eat a small breakfast, skip lunch and then have dinner. Or maybe you prefer to skip breakfast, have dinner and a lunch. Or possibly a big lunch and a fast day snack suits you best. Together with the fasting way of eating, whatever works best for you is the best response.
Period your eating window: if you’re following an eating window intermittent fasting method, for example 16:8, you already understand when you need to eat: throughout your eating window. But, you do have to choose when that window should start and finish. Theoretically, if you’re currently following the 16:8 plan your window could open at 4 pm and complete your last meal at midnight. However, it may be wise to not leave it. The reason is that our bodies are intended to go at the end of the day into repair and rest mode: eating late in the day interferes with the rhythms of our own bodies’ hormones and might affect our health. It’s not known if fat loss slows or influences our health in different ways but until we understand more, it’s probably better to attempt and avoid eating late at night. This allows your body to digest your meal and start the process of preparing for the night-time repair period. However, as always, it works for you and should you need to eat afterwards or prefer, then you should do.
What to Eat on a Fast Day?
How can you make the most of your calorie allowance on a fast day?
1) Choose higher protein meals, which allow you to feel full for longer. As protein is high in calories you cannot have a huge amount to your 500 calories however make protein your source of carbs.
2) Fill up your plate with low calorie vegetables: they fill your belly, taste good and do you good. Steam them, oven-roast with a tsp of oil, or stir-fry and add some spices or flavourings to make a filling meal that is delicious. Or have them raw into a salad that is big.
3) Maintain carbohydrates to a minimal: they are packed with calories and make you feel hungry again quickly. Examples of carbohydrate-containing foods to avoid are: potatoes, sweet potato, pasrsnips, rice, pasta, bread, some fruits (bananas, grapes, melon, prunes, raisins, dates and other dried fruits), breakfast cereals, fruit juice, corn-on-the-cob/sweetcorn and anything including sugar, honey or other syrups.
4) Don’t be afraid of fat: although fat is high in calories, it allows you to feel complete. Small amounts of fat in your fast day food should be included as well.
Though the suggested calorie allowance of 500 calories for girls; 600 calories for guys is not so stringent that it really matters if you go over or below the allowance by a little, you will have to weigh or measure at least the high-calorie ingredients in your recipes and also workout the calorie content.
How to Eat on Non-Fast Days?
On non-fast times you are free to eat whatever you like. Though, of course, when you want to lose weight, perhaps not as much as you fancy. And, strange though it may seem, your appetite will be probably reduced by the fast days rather than increasing it. You will find you are not particularly hungry about the day after a fast. There’s no need to consume a lot if you don’t feel like it! It is fine to wait until you are hungry before consuming on a non-fast day.
Your tastes can change so that you no longer feel cravings for sweet, sugary foods. You may understand hunger better and find you snack less and can wait for supper times without worrying about when it will be time for you to eat.
These kinds of changes won’t happen immediately. Your desire on days may vary greatly. You may find that you have non-fast days when you are hungry and eat a lot. Many people experience this in the early days. Do not worry if this happens, only concentrate on sticking with the fasts. Following 6 weeks of fasting, you aren’t losing any weight, and if you are still having issues with overeating, consider changing your strategy that is fasting or to make changes.
You should plan to eat normally on non-fast days. Intermittent fasting’s pleasure is that you can spend the majority of your time feeling free of anxiety about food, while controlling your weight and residing in a wholesome way. Some people restrict their calories in their non-fast times in an effort to speed up weight reduction. While this may work in the short term, it’s probably not such a fantastic idea in the long run. If you do not have your days of normal eating you will probably feel deprived of your favorite foods and create ‘diet exhaustion’.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic and spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss options on the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .�
By Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topics: Wellness
Overall health and wellness are essential towards maintaining the proper mental and physical balance in the body. From eating a balanced nutrition as well as exercising and participating in physical activities, to sleeping a healthy amount of time on a regular basis, following the best health and wellness tips can ultimately help maintain overall well-being. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables can go a long way towards helping people become healthy.
Below, you�ll find the five most popular methods and the basics of how they work. Keep in mind, intermittent fasting isn�t for everyone. Those with health conditions of any kind should check with their doctor before changing up their usual routine. Note that personal goals and lifestyle are key factors to consider when choosing a fasting method.
Leangains
Best for: Dedicated gym-goers who want to lose body fat and build muscle.
The Way It Works: Fast�for 14 (girls) and 16 (men) hours every day, and then “feed” for the remaining eight to ten hours. During the period, no calories are consumed by you. But, calorie-free sweeteners black coffee, diet pop and sugar-free gum are allowed. (A dab of milk into your coffee won’t hurt, either.) Practitioners will find it most easy to fast throughout the night and to the morning. After waking up they usually break the fast roughly six hours after waking up. Maintaining a consistent window time is vital, although this schedule is flexible to any individual’s lifestyle. Hormones in the body get thrown out of whack and make sticking into the program harder, otherwise, Berkhan states.
What and when you eat during the feeding window additionally depends on when you workout. On days you exercise, carbohydrates are more significant than fat. On rest days, fat consumption ought to be higher. Protein intake should be fairly high daily, though it will vary based on targets, sex, age, body fat and activity levels. Irrespective of your program, whole foods should constitute the vast majority of your calorie intake. But whenever there is not time for a meal, then a protein shake or meal replacement bar is adequate (in moderation).
Advantages: For many, the highlight of this program is that on many days, meal frequency is irrelevant. You can really eat whenever you need to inside the eight-hour “feeding” period. Nevertheless, the majority of men and women wind breaking it up to three meals simpler to adhere to (because we are usually already programmed to eat this way).
Disadvantages: Although there is flexibility in when you eat, Leangains has pretty specific instructions for what to eat, especially in connection with when you are exercising. The rigorous nutrition plan and scheduling foods can make the program a little harder to adhere to.
Eat Stop Eat
Best for: Healthy eaters searching for an extra boost.
The Way It Works:�Fast for 24 hours a couple of times each week. Throughout the 24 hour fast, which founder Brad Pilon prefers to call a “24 break out of eating,” no food is consumed, but you can drink carbonated drinks. You then return to eating after the fast is over. “Act like you didn’t fast,” Pilon says. “Some people today need to complete the fast at a usual mealtime with a big meal, while others are OK ending the fast with a day snack. Time it however works best for you, and fix your time as your program changes,” he states.
The main rationale? Without restricting what you are able to eat according to Eat Stop Eat, Eating this way may reduce calorie consumption. It’s essential to note that regular workouts and resistance training, are important for succeeding with this strategy if weight loss or improved body composition are the goals.
Advantages: While 24 hours might seem like a long time to go without meals, the great news is that this program is elastic. You do not need to go all-or-nothing at the start. The first day, go without food and gradually increase fasting period over time to assist your body’s adjustment. Pilon suggests beginning the fast when you are busy, and about a day in which you don’t have any eating duties (such as a work lunch or happy hour).
Another perk? There aren’t any “forbidden foods,” and no counting calories, weighing food or restricting your diet, which makes it a bit easier to follow. That said, this isn’t a free-for-all. “You still have to eat just like a grown-up,” Pilon says. It’s all about moderation: You can eat anything you want, but maybe not as much of it. (A piece of birthday cake is OK, he says, however, the entire cake is not.)
Disadvantages: Going 24 hours without any calories could be too difficult for some, particularly initially. A lot of people struggle with moving extended amounts of time with no food, citing annoying symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or feeling cranky or anxious (though these side effects can dimish over time). The fasting period may also make it more tempting to binge after a fast. This is easily fixed… but it requires a lot of self-control, and that many people today lack.
Warrior Diet
Best for: People who enjoy following rules. The devoted.
The Way It Works: Warriors-in-training can anticipate to fast for approximately 20 hours every day and eat one big meal every evening. When you eat that meal and everything else you eat is also key for this method. The doctrine here is based on feeding the body the nutrition it requires in sync with circadian rhythms and that our species are “nocturnal eaters, essentially programmed for nighttime eating.”
The fasting period of the Warrior Diet is really more about “undereating.” If desired throughout the 20-hour fast, you can eat several servings of raw fruit or veggies, fresh juice, and a couple of portions of protein. This is supposed to maximize the Sympathetic Nervous System’s “fight or flight” response, which is intended to boost endurance, boost energy, and stimulate fat burning.
The four-hour eating window, which Hofmekler describes as the “overeating” phase, is at nighttime in order to maximize the Parasympathetic Nervous System’s ability to help the body recuperate, promoting calm, relaxation and nourishment, while also permits the body to utilize the nutrients absorbed for repair and growth. Eating at night might also help hormones be produced by the body and burn fat based on Hofmekler. The order in which you eat food groups things is important as well. Hofmelker claims to begin with veggies, fat and protein. Only if you’re still hungry, you can tack on a few carbs, after completing those groups.
Advantages: Many have gravitated toward this diet because the “fasting” period still allows you to consume a few tiny snacks, which may make it easier to get through. As the methodology explains (and also the “success stories” section of this Warrior Diet website supports), many professionals also report increased energy levels and fat reduction.
Disadvantages: Although it’s great to eat a few snacks rather than go without any food for 20-plus hours, the guidelines to what you need to consume (and when) can be tough to follow long-term. Meal program and the schedule may interfere with social gatherings. Furthermore, eating one meal during the night, while following instructions of what to eat, and in what order, can be rough. It’s particularly hard for people who prefer not to eat big meals late in the day.
Fat Loss Forever
Best for: Gym goers that love cheat days.
The Way It Works: Not completely happy with the IF diets listed previously? This technique takes the best areas of the Warrior Diet, Eat Stop Eat and Leangains, and combines it all into a single strategy. In addition you get one cheat day every week, followed by a 36-hour fast (that might not be so easy for some). After that, the remainder of the seven-day cycle is divided up between the various protocols that were previously discussed.
Romaniello and Go suggest saving the maximum fasts for your busiest days, letting you focus on becoming productive. The plan also includes training programs (with weightlifting and free weights) to assist participants achieve maximum fat loss in the easiest way possible.
Advantages: According to the founders, whilst everybody is technically fasting every day, during the hours when we are not eating, most of us do so haphazardly, making it harder to reap the benefits. Fat Loss Forever provides a seven-day program for fasting where the body can get used to this timetable and reap the maximum benefit in the fasting intervals so that . (Plus, you get a complete cheat day. And who does not love that?)
Disadvantages: On the flip side, in case you have difficulty handling cheat times the healthy way, this method might not be for you. Additionally, also the schedule varies from day to day and since the program is specific, this technique can be somewhat confusing to follow. (However, the program will not come with a calendar, imagining the way to fast and exercise every day, which may make it simpler.)
Alternate-Day Diet or Alternate-Day Fasting
Best for: Disciplined dieters with a specific weight goal.
The Way It Works: This one’s simple: Eat very little one day, and eat like normal the next. On the low carb days, that means one fifth of your usual calorie intake. Using 2,000 or 2,500 calories (for both women and men, respectively) as a direct, “fasting” (or “down”) day ought to be 400 to 500 calories. Followers can use this tool to figure out how many calories to eat on “low-calorie” days.
To make “down” days simpler to stick to, Johnson recommends opting for meal replacement shakes. They’re fortified with nourishment and you can sip them rather than divide into meals. But, meal replacement shakes should just be utilized during the initial two weeks of the diet, then, you ought to begin eating actual food on “down” days. The next day, eat just like normal. Rinse and repeat! (Note: If working out is a part of your routine, you may find it harder to hit the gym on the reduced calorie days. It may be smart to keep any workouts on these times on the tamer side, or conserve sweat sessions to your typical calorie days.)
Advantages: This method is all about weight reduction, so if that’s your main goal, this can be you to have a better look at. Individuals who cut calories see a reduction of approximately two and a half pounds per week.
Disadvantages: While the method is rather simple to follow, it can be simple to binge on the “normal” day. The very best way to stay on course is planning your meals. Then you’re not caught in the drive-through or all-you-can-eat buffet with a stomach.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic and spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss options on the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .�
By Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topics: Wellness
Overall health and wellness are essential towards maintaining the proper mental and physical balance in the body. From eating a balanced nutrition as well as exercising and participating in physical activities, to sleeping a healthy amount of time on a regular basis, following the best health and wellness tips can ultimately help maintain overall well-being. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables can go a long way towards helping people become healthy.
Macaroni and cheese mixes made with powdered cheese contain high levels of potentially harmful chemicals called phthalates, according to a new study.
Phthalates, which can get into food from packaging and equipment used in manufacturing, have been linked to genital birth defects in infant boys and learning and behavior problems in older children, The New York Times reported.
Researchers tested different cheese products and found that all 10 varieties of macaroni and cheese included in the study had high levels of phthalates, even those labeled as organic.
“The phthalate concentrations in powder from mac and cheese mixes were more than four times higher than in block cheese and other natural cheeses like shredded cheese, string cheese and cottage cheese,” said Mike Belliveau, executive director of the Environmental Health Strategy Center, one of four advocacy groups that funded the report, according to The Times.
The other groups were the Ecology Center, Healthy Babies Bright Futures and Safer States.
“Our belief is that (phthalates are) in every mac ‘n’ cheese product – you can’t shop your way out of the problem,” Belliveau said.
He encouraged consumers to contact manufacturers and ask them to determine how phthalates are getting into their products and take action to prevent it. Nine of the cheese products tested were made by Kraft. Company officials did not respond to requests for comment on the study findings, The Times reported.
The U.S. government phthalates from children’s teething rings and rubber duck toys a decade ago.
Pregnant women who drink non-diet sodas during pregnancy are more likely to have kids who carry extra body fat by age 7, researchers say.
In the study of more than 1,000 mother-child pairs, each additional serving of sugary soda per day consumed in pregnancy was associated with higher increments of waist size and body mass in kids years later.
“Sugary beverages have been linked to obesity in children and adults,” said study author Sheryl Rifas-Shiman of Harvard Medical School in Boston.
Although past research has tied sodas and some fruit drinks to excess weight gain, obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, few have looked at beverage intake during pregnancy, she and her colleagues write in Pediatrics.
“Childhood obesity is widespread and hard to treat,” Rifas-Shiman told Reuters Health by email. “So it’s important to identify modifiable factors that occur prenatally and during infancy so prevention can start early.”
The researchers recruited 1,078 women from among patients at eight obstetric offices affiliated with Atrius Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates in eastern Massachusetts.
The study team had in-person meetings with each woman at the end of her first and second trimesters, as well as during the first few months after her baby was born. In addition, kids were assessed in early childhood, around age 3, and in mid-childhood, around age 8. Mothers also completed mailed questionnaires every year for the child’s first six birthdays.
At all visits, researchers collected information about both parents and details of the household. During pregnancy, women answered questionnaires about what they typically ate and drank, including how much regular and sugar-free soda, fruit juice, fruit drinks and water they consumed each day.
At the mid-childhood visit, when kids were between ages 6 and 11 years, the research team measured each child’s height, weight, waist circumference and skinfold thickness. With these measurements, they calculated body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight relative to height.
When researchers looked at data gathered during pregnancy, they found that more than half of mothers had consumed more than half a serving a day of non-diet soda during pregnancy, and nearly 10 percent had consumed two or more servings a day.
Mothers who drank more sugary drinks during pregnancy tended to be younger, had higher prepregnancy BMI, lower education, lower income, shorter breastfeeding times and were more likely to have smoked during pregnancy.
About one quarter of the children were overweight or obese by mid-childhood, and BMI, waist circumference and skinfold thickness were highest among kids whose mothers drank at least two servings of sugary drinks per day.
Only regular sodas were associated with this difference. Juice, diet soda and water consumed during pregnancy weren’t linked to a higher BMI score in kids. The research team also didn’t see differences based on the mother’s weight, race or ethnicity, the child’s gender or the amount of soda children themselves drank.
“I was surprised that maternal intake seemed to be more important than child intake,” Rifas-Shiman noted.
In the future, she and colleagues plan to study the long-term effects of efforts to reduce sugary beverage intake during pregnancy. They’re now using new methods to analyze when children’s intake of sugary beverages matters the most for their weight and health.
“I was struck that the differences in children’s body composition were seen in relation to intake levels that appear unremarkable, even less than one serving per day,” said Sian Robinson of the University of Southampton in the UK, who wasn’t involved in the study.
“We need to know more about the long-term effects of maternal nutrition on offspring health,” she told Reuters Health by email. “Few intervention studies in pregnancy have longer-term follow-up data to describe the effects on children’s body composition.”
Several of these intervention studies have been completed recently, Robinson added, and that follow-up data will be available soon.
“The links between sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity are well-established,” she said. “But this new data suggests mothers’ consumption is important and has public health relevance.”
It’s hard to eat right all the time, but making small improvements by choosing healthier foods now and then may significantly boost one’s chances of living longer, said a US study Wednesday.
The report in the New England Journal of Medicine is the first to show that improving diet quality over at least a dozen years is associated with lower total and cardiovascular mortality.
Researchers at Harvard University tracked dietary changes in a population of nearly 74,000 health professionals who logged their eating habits every four years.
Researchers used a system of diet-quality scores to assess how much diets had improved.
For instance, a 20-percentile increase in scores could “be achieved by swapping out just one serving of red or processed meat for one daily serving of nuts or legumes,” said a summary of the research.
Over the 12-year span, those who ate a little better than they did at the start — primarily by consuming more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fatty fish — saw an eight to 17 percent lower risk of dying prematurely in the next 12 years.
Those whose diets got worse over time saw a higher risk of dying in the next 12 years of follow-up, on the order of a six to 12 percent increase.
“Our results highlight the long-term health benefits of improving diet quality with an emphasis on overall dietary patterns rather than on individual foods or nutrients,” said senior author Frank Hu, professor and chair of the Harvard Chan School Department of Nutrition.
“A healthy eating pattern can be adopted according to individuals’ food and cultural preferences and health conditions,” he added.
The U.S. is one of the world’s laziest countries, according to a new Stanford University study that used smartphone measurements of the number of steps taken by people in 46 countries.
The study, published in the journal Nature, included 700,000 participants and was “1,000 times larger than any previous study on human movement,” co-leader and Stanford bioengineering professor Scott Delp said, the BBC reported.
Countries with the highest average number of steps walked included China, Ukraine, Japan, and No. 1 Hong Kong, with 6,880 steps walked per day on average, USA Today reported.
The U.S. ranked in the bottom half of countries represented, with 4,774 steps walked per day, just below the worldwide average of 4,961 steps. Indonesia had the least steps walked with 3,513 per day on average, USA Today reported.
The study found that countries where people walked a similar amount of steps each day had lower rates of obesity, whereas countries where some people walked a lot and others walked very little had higher rates of obesity. The U.S. falls into the latter category, with high levels of what the study called “activity inequality.”
The study analyzed a total of 68 million days’ worth of data and tracks people’s activity over longer periods of time than previous studies, the BBC said.
Women averaged about 1,000 fewer steps than men in the U.S., and suburban areas reported fewer steps on average than urban, city areas that are more pedestrian-friendly.
Researchers hope the data might help design towns, cities, and neighborhoods that encourage more physical activity.
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