Back Clinic Chiropractic. This is a form of alternative treatment that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of various musculoskeletal injuries and conditions, especially those associated with the spine. Dr. Alex Jimenez discusses how spinal adjustments and manual manipulations regularly can greatly help both improve and eliminate many symptoms that could be causing discomfort to the individual. Chiropractors believe among the main reasons for pain and disease are the vertebrae’s misalignment in the spinal column (this is known as a chiropractic subluxation).
Through the usage of manual detection (or palpation), carefully applied pressure, massage, and manual manipulation of the vertebrae and joints (called adjustments), chiropractors can alleviate pressure and irritation on the nerves, restore joint mobility, and help return the body’s homeostasis. From subluxations, or spinal misalignments, to sciatica, a set of symptoms along the sciatic nerve caused by nerve impingement, chiropractic care can gradually restore the individual’s natural state of being. Dr. Jimenez compiles a group of concepts on chiropractic to best educate individuals on the variety of injuries and conditions affecting the human body.
For individuals struggling with constipation, a common digestive issue, could performing abdominal self-massage help bring relief?
Abdominal Self Massage
Constipation refers to having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week. In addition to stress, certain lifestyle issues can lead to constipation, including not getting enough fiber, exercise, and proper hydration. Many also experience constipation while traveling. Abdominal self-massage involves gently massaging the stomach with your hands, either in a circular motion or with strokes, to improve digestion, relieve constipation, and reduce bloating. Performing self-massage on and around the abdomen can help ease constipation in several ways, such as stimulating the muscles, producing bowel movements, and soothing chronic stress. (Sinclair M. 2011)
Massage and Constipation
Abdominal massage can provide several benefits, including:
Stimulates and Improves Digestion
Massage stimulates the muscles and nerves that control digestion, promoting bowel movements and reducing constipation.
Reduces Bloating
Massaging the abdomen may help to reduce bloating and gas by gently moving fluids and gases through the digestive system.
In addition, it can help soften stool, speed up the movement of stool through the gut, and reduce the need to use laxatives. (University of Michigan Medicine, 2021)
Relieves Constipation
Abdominal massage can help with constipation by encouraging bowel movements.
Reduces Pain and Discomfort
Some find that abdominal massage helps to reduce pain and discomfort related to digestive issues.
Massage can help relax tense abdominal muscles and reduce pain associated with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Improved lymphatic drainage
Massage helps move lymphatic fluid, which carries waste products and toxins away from the abdominal area.
Research
Although massage isn’t a standard treatment for constipation, some research shows it may help restore regularity. A report reviewed several clinical trials focusing on abdominal massage and its use as a treatment for chronic constipation. The results showed that abdominal massage may provide relief by promoting peristalsis, a series of muscle contractions that help move food through the digestive tract. The report also found that massage may help lessen colonic transit time, which is when digested food passes through the colon or last segment of the digestive tract. The report determined that abdominal massage can help alleviate constipation-related pain and discomfort. (Sinclair M. 2011)
In clinical trials, individuals with constipation reported improved quality of life after abdominal self-massage. However, some research suggests that using abdominal massage for constipation relief will not decrease the use of laxatives, the most commonly used treatment. (Lämås K. et al., 2009)
How to Massage
Various massage techniques may help relieve constipation and promote bowel movements. These are typically performed while lying down.
One technique involves placing the palm on the abdomen and making small, circular, clockwise motions around your belly button.
Individuals can also widen these circles so that the massage covers their entire abdomen.
Another technique begins by placing your hand below your breastbone, then gliding that hand down the length of your abdomen in one smooth stroke.
Repeat the movement with the other hand and continue this cycle for a few minutes.
When practicing self-massage, use light and gentle pressure, then gradually increase the pressure.
If you experience pain or tenderness, lighten up and return to a comfortable pressure level.
Try performing massage twice daily, aiming for a 20-minute session. Incorporating deep breathing into each session may also help. Before trying a massage or any home remedy, it is recommended to discuss it with a healthcare provider to see if it’s appropriate and safe. Pregnant women, for example, should avoid any massage on their abdomen. Constipation can sometimes signal an underlying condition that requires medical treatment, such as an underactive thyroid. Other symptoms like abdominal pain may be present, but sometimes constipation may be the only symptom.
Other Remedies
Self-massage alone is unlikely to treat chronic constipation; the goal should be to improve overall digestion to keep the organs functioning properly. To maintain regularity, it’s essential to drink plenty of water daily, eat enough fiber-rich foods, and engage in physical activity. Other alternative treatments include therapies like:
Acupressure
Biofeedback
Probiotics
Before trying self-massage, consult a medical caregiver to ensure it is safe and correct for the individual. Abdominal massage may not help with painful bloating caused by disease, infection, or other reasons.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Massage Therapy Rehabilitation
References
Sinclair M. (2011). The use of abdominal massage to treat chronic constipation. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 15(4), 436–445. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.07.007
Lämås, K., Lindholm, L., Stenlund, H., Engström, B., & Jacobsson, C. (2009). Effects of abdominal massage in management of constipation–a randomized controlled trial. International journal of nursing studies, 46(6), 759–767. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.007
Individuals dealing with chronic pain following a minor injury, surgery, or trauma could be experiencing complex regional pain syndrome. What are the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments available?
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS), more commonly known as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), is a chronic pain condition where a person experiences severe, persistent pain in a limb, usually following an injury, that is significantly more profound than from the initial trauma. It is considered a neuroinflammatory disorder in which the body’s response to injury is dysregulated. The condition is characterized by severe burning pain, often in an arm or leg, that can occur following a minor injury, surgery, or trauma. It is associated with abnormal changes in skin temperature, swelling, and sensitivity to touch, usually affecting the affected area’s nerves, skin, muscles, blood vessels, and bones. Other names it is known by include:
Causalgia
Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Sudeck’s Atrophy
Causes
CRPS is a chronic pain condition believed to result from dysfunction in the central or peripheral nervous systems (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2017). It involves irritation and abnormal excitation of nervous tissue, leading to abnormal impulses along nerves that affect blood vessels and skin. Animal studies indicate that norepinephrine, a catecholamine released from sympathetic nerves, acquires the ability to activate pain pathways after tissue or nerve injury, resulting in CRPS. Another theory is that CRPS, which follows an injury, is caused by triggering an immune response and continuous inflammation symptoms (swelling, redness, warmth). (Goh E. L., Chidambaram S., & Ma, D. 2017) It is believed to have multiple causes producing similar symptoms.
Extreme sensitivity to touch, often causing significant disability in the affected limb.
Stiffness and swelling in affected joints
Skin color changes – blotchy, purple, pale, red.
Skin temperature changes – warmer or cooler than the opposing extremity.
Skin texture changes – shiny, thin, sweaty.
Changes in nail and hair growth patterns.
Pain can spread, for example, from the finger to the entire arm and the opposite extremity or from the left to the right arm.
Emotional stress can cause symptoms to worsen.
Some experts suggest three stages during which progressive changes occur in the affected area’s skin, muscles, joints, ligaments, and bones (Harvard Health Publishing, 2023). However, further research is needed.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Explore the connection between developmental disorders and learning disabilities and their impact on education and social skills.
Introduction To Developmental Disorders
When talking about disabilities, whether from health conditions or diseases, many healthcare professionals have to think about two languages crucial to the individual they are assessing. One is person-first language, and the other is identity language. In person-first language, it pertains to how a person places more importance on the individual and their uniqueness. This involves individuals young and old with ADHD or Down syndrome. This is compared to the identity-first language, which often highlights the disorder or disease more than the individual (e.g., autistic child). The goal that many healthcare professionals aim for when treating individuals with disabilities or developmental disorders is to use respectful terminology to reduce social stigma, prejudice, and discrimination.
Many young individuals have their cognitive and social skills evaluated when entering and progressing through school. These evaluations sometimes indicate that a young individual or children might need special assistance with either language or learning to interact with others. Evaluation and diagnosis are the first steps in providing many people with the tools and resources needed to function. However, there are also significant social implications regarding diagnosis and labeling. Many healthcare providers must consider that anyone, young or old, can be misdiagnosed. Once the person receives the diagnosis label, the individual and whoever is in the person’s life have to interpret the person’s actions through that label. For instance, if a child has been misdiagnosed as having a learning disability, it can influence the child’s self-concept. It may be due to difficulties in school that cause children to have trouble at their academic level. This self-fulfilling prophecy causes them to act this way, causing people to predict what will happen come true. Healthcare professionals must pay attention to the power of labels and apply them accurately when assessing patients.
It is also important to consider that people’s difficulties can change over time. An example would be a child who has problems in school that may improve later or grow up to be an adult where these problems are no longer relevant. That person, however, will still have a label for having a learning disability. Even though it is fairly common for children and young individuals to have abnormal behaviors, healthcare providers should recognize that the distinction between abnormal/atypical and normal/typical behavior is not always clear. When evaluating learning disabilities, misdiagnosis may be more of a concern.
When it comes to the diagnosis of developmental disabilities, it is required that a pediatrician, psychologist, psychiatrist, or other accredited professional should assess a child for a developmental disability, as there are many factors to consider. Many common behaviors in children, like temper tantrums, being overly active, being shy, etc., might be misinterpreted as a behavioral disorder like ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Therefore, trained professionals use multiple assessments or questionnaires completed by the parent(s) and teacher(s) in conjunction with in-person observations and case history before diagnosing.
Autism Spectrum Disorders
As a common developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can affect various areas of development, such as communication and behavior, in many individuals. The spectrum is wide and varies from person to person. In the United States, it is estimated that about 1 out of every 36 children or individuals has been diagnosed with autism, covering a wide variety of abilities and symptom expression between high and low functioning. ASD is characterized by age-inappropriate, impaired social communication and may have a complex interaction between genetics, epigenetic, and environmental factors associated with cerebral dysfunction. (Mukherjee, 2017) When it comes to social skills and communication, ASD can impact a person’s language skills as it can become difficult. A person within the autism spectrum may respond to a question by repeating the question, may not respond appropriately, or may not communicate in response at all. Some symptoms for an individual within the autism spectrum may be sensitivity to touch, sound, or visual stimulation. Individuals with autism often view the world differently and learn in unique ways while preferring routines and can become upset when routines are altered. For example, moving furniture or changing the daily schedule can be very upsetting.
There is no single known cause of autism, though research has indicated a possible genetic link. This could be due to the intricate neurobiological mechanisms that correlate with the immune system and neuroinflammation, causing atypical functional connectivity and neurotransmitter alterations. (Rajabi et al., 2024) Luckily, there are holistic approaches to reducing autism symptoms to help improve a person’s quality of life within the spectrum.
Holistic Treatments For Individuals Within The Autism Spectrum
When it comes to holistic treatment approaches for individuals with autism, they can vary for the individual while not affecting their sensory issues. Physical activities and motor skill training can help their mobility and improve movement performance. (Shahane et al., 2024) Additionally, individuals within the autism spectrum could be dealing with abnormal sensitivity and gastrointestinal difficulties that can cause numerous pain-like symptoms in the body. Incorporating and allowing autistic individuals to try out anti-inflammatory foods and prebiotics can help improve the symptoms associated with ASD while reducing the inflammatory effects on their bodies. (Sivamaruthi et al., 2020)
What Are Learning Disabilities?
When a person, both young and old, has an intellectual disability or an intellectual development disability, they could have significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning. This, in turn, generally results in an IQ (intelligence quotient) under 70, which is two standards below the median. This causes deficits within two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday general living, causing them to learn slowly in all areas of learning. This is known as learning disabilities.
A learning disability (LD) is a specific impairment of academic learning that interferes with a particular aspect of schoolwork and significantly reduces a person’s educational performance. It can be shown as a major discrepancy between a person’s ability and some achievement features, causing them to be delayed in various academic areas. Many people often confuse the difference between a learning problem and a learning disability, as a learning problem stems from physical, sensory, or motor handicaps or generalized intellectual impairment.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia, one of the most prevalent learning impairments, is characterized by difficulties with reading; fundamentally, many dyslexics struggle to learn how to decode and spell words and to be fluent via phonological representation. In 2020, Snowling et al. This is due to a number of anatomical alterations in the brain that impair the brain’s capacity to integrate data from various RSNs (resting state networks), hence decreasing its neuroplasticity. (Munzer and others, 2020) Reading experts are used in several therapies to assist address the patient’s troublesome regions.
Dysgraphia
One writing impairment that is often linked to dyslexia is dysgraphia. The word is often used to refer to all abnormalities of written language. Phonological dysgraphia and orthographic dysgraphia are the two forms of dysgraphia. When someone has phonological dysgraphia, they are unable to write words using their phonemes. Conversely, those with orthographic dysgraphia are able to spell words that are spelled consistently but not sporadically. When writing with a pen or pencil, some people with dysgraphia may have problems controlling their movements and producing letters.
Dyscalculia
A kind of math-related handicap known as dyscalculia is characterized by challenges with learning math-related concepts (including amount, place value, and time), remembering math-related information, and comprehending how problems are structured on paper. This, in turn, leads to a lot of people in school having bad experiences and consistently failing at math assignments, which breeds failure anxiety and lowers self-esteem. In 2019, Haberstroh and Schulte-Korne When working with numbers, this leads to problems with working memory. The smaller and less active parietal lobes may be the cause of this, which would explain the unusual patterns of mathematical cognitive performance. Dowker (2024)
Optimizing Your Wellness-Video
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A person with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) struggles with both cognitive and physical skills. Smaller brain structures may lead to patterns of impulsive, hyperactive, and inattentive behavior, which can alter neurotransmitters and disrupt regular brain function. (The Brain and ADHD, 2017)
The following are some indications of inattention:
Task difficulty and avoidance
Not heeding directions
Organizing poorly
Being easily distracted and not paying enough attention to details
Ignorance.
Excessive movements are a hallmark of hyperactivity in ADHD, including:
Uneasy
Having difficulties staying still
When not acceptable, running and climbing on objects
blurring out answers
Waiting problems
disturbing and encroaching on other people’s space.
Adults or children who are energetic often come across as noisy. They have social and intellectual difficulties as a result of this throughout their lives. Those with ADHD are more likely to get bad grades, perform poorly on standardized tests, be expelled more often, and drop out of school during the academic year than their peers without ADHD.
Causes of ADHD
Numerous twin and family studies suggest that heredity is a major factor in the development of ADHD. According to several studies, gender, exposure to environmental variables, and the diagnosis of an ADHD subtype may all function as modifiers of the development of ADHD. (Gizer and others, 2009) The modulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine is believed to be one of the particular genes implicated in ADHD. Brain imaging studies have shown anomalies in the frontal lobes, a part of the brain where dopamine is abundant, in people with ADHD. When undertaking mental activities, those with ADHD will have decreased frontal brain activity since the frontal lobe regulates behavior. Thus, part of the hyperactive, uncontrollable behavior associated with ADHD may be explained by anomalies in this area.
It has been suggested that some environmental elements, such as sugar and artificial coloring, might make people more hyperactive. For this reason, many individuals choose to cut them in order to lessen the symptoms of ADHD. However, a number of research have compared the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on the development of severe ADHD symptoms in the fetus. (Linnet and others, 2003)
ADHD Treatment
The most popular therapy for ADHD is stimulant medication, while non-surgical therapies and lifestyle modifications may also help lessen symptoms. Although many people believe that using stimulant medicine is contradictory, it may assist persons with ADHD concentrate by activating the undeveloped prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain. Consequently, this aids in managing the adverse impacts of ADHD.
Cognitive and motor functions may be enhanced by physical exercise and non-pharmaceutical therapies. Jansen & Ziereis (2015) Simultaneously, cognitive behavioral therapy is a popular non-surgical treatment that may assist individuals in being conscious of their thinking patterns and changing them from negative to positive. As part of their treatment approach, many medical experts might combine CBT with medication. It is most advantageous because the drug facilitates behavior change more rapidly, which speeds up the learning process for long-term behavioral changes via cognitive behavioral therapy. People with developmental disorders and learning impairments may have a personalized treatment plan to enhance their quality of life on their path toward health and wellness by implementing minor adjustments and employing a variety of therapy choices.
Injury Medical & Functional Medicine Clinic
We associate with certified medical providers who understand the importance of the various effects of developmental disorders and learning disabilities affecting the body. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to implement small changes to their daily routine to reduce the symptoms affecting their bodies. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
Dowker, A. (2024). Developmental Dyscalculia in Relation to Individual Differences in Mathematical Abilities. Children (Basel), 11(6). doi.org/10.3390/children11060623
Gizer, I. R., Ficks, C., & Waldman, I. D. (2009). Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Hum Genet, 126(1), 51-90. doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x
Haberstroh, S., & Schulte-Korne, G. (2019). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyscalculia. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 116(7), 107-114. doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0107
Linnet, K. M., Dalsgaard, S., Obel, C., Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T. B., Rodriguez, A., Kotimaa, A., Moilanen, I., Thomsen, P. H., Olsen, J., & Jarvelin, M. R. (2003). Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence. Am J Psychiatry, 160(6), 1028-1040. doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1028
Mukherjee, S. B. (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorders – Diagnosis and Management. Indian J Pediatr, 84(4), 307-314. doi.org/10.1007/s12098-016-2272-2
Munzer, T., Hussain, K., & Soares, N. (2020). Dyslexia: neurobiology, clinical features, evaluation and management. Transl Pediatr, 9(Suppl 1), S36-S45. doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.09.07
Rajabi, P., Noori, A. S., & Sargolzaei, J. (2024). Autism spectrum disorder and various mechanisms behind it. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 245, 173887. doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173887
Shahane, V., Kilyk, A., & Srinivasan, S. M. (2024). Effects of physical activity and exercise-based interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Autism, 28(2), 276-300. doi.org/10.1177/13623613231169058
Sivamaruthi, B. S., Suganthy, N., Kesika, P., & Chaiyasut, C. (2020). The Role of Microbiome, Dietary Supplements, and Probiotics in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(8). doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082647
Snowling, M. J., Hulme, C., & Nation, K. (2020). Defining and understanding dyslexia: past, present and future. Oxf Rev Educ, 46(4), 501-513. doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2020.1765756
Ziereis, S., & Jansen, P. (2015). Effects of physical activity on executive function and motor performance in children with ADHD. Res Dev Disabil, 38, 181-191. doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.005
For individuals dealing with posture problems causing neck, back, and shoulder pain, can pectoralis minor stretches designed to work these areas be a part of physical therapy or as regular exercises at home?
Pectoralis Minor Muscle Stretches
The pectoralis minor is a small, triangular muscle situated deep to the pectoralis major in the anterior chest wall. It originates from the margins of the third to fifth ribs adjacent to the costochondral junction and connects to the coracoid process of the scapula. The pectoralis minor helps with posture, mobility, and shoulder stability and aids breathing. Muscle tightness can cause pain in the chest, shoulder, and neck and a restricted range of motion. Strain and injuries can occur during activities involving overhead movements or forceful pushing. Pectoralis minor stretches are designed to work these muscles that span the ribs and connect to the shoulder to help improve posture and relieve pain and chest weakness. They can help reduce muscle tightness and other conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome. (Kaur U. et al., 2023) (Wagner E. R. et al., 2023) Talk with a healthcare provider Before starting any exercise or stretching program.
Corner Pectoralis Stretch
A corner pec stretch is similar to a wall push-up, except the emphasis is on staying in a position that lengthens the chest muscles. It’s important to move the whole body as a unit and not bend.
Stand facing a corner with a relaxed, upright posture.
Place your feet so they are parallel, and bend your knees slightly.
Stay as relaxed as possible during the movement to protect your joints.
Keep your gaze forward.
Place your forearms and palms over the walls where two walls connect at a right angle.
With your elbows bent to 90 degrees, move forward into the corner of the wall until you feel a comfortable stretch in the pectorals.
The doorway stretch is similar to the corner stretch. It works the pectoralis major and the minor muscles and helps with mobility. To perform: (Maryland Pain & Wellness Center, 2025)
Stand in a doorway with your feet placed together.
Place the palms and forearms on either side of the doorway.
Your elbows should be even with your shoulders and bend at a 90-degree angle.
Keep your back straight.
Take a step forward, leaning into the doorway.
You should feel the stretch in the muscle.
Repeat the stretch with the other foot.
Exercise and ergonomic changes to your chair or desk height can help improve posture and relieve muscle tightness. (Kaur U. et al., 2023)
T Stretch
The T stretch stretches the front of the chest and is done on the floor, typically with a foam roller placed directly under the spine. To perform: (OrthoCarolina, N.D.)
Lie down on your back with the foam roller aligned to the spine.
Make sure your head and tailbone are supported.
Open your arms straight out like a T.
Hold the position while stretching.
Y Stretch
The Y stretch is similar to the T stretch; both reduce chest muscle tightness and discomfort. To perform: (OrthoCarolina, N.D.)
Use the same foam roll position, lying on your back with the head and tailbone supported and aligned.
Stretch the arms out above your head, placing them into the shape of a Y.
Allow the chest muscles that connect to the arms to relax.
Studies have examined how quickly a prone scapular retraction can help stretch the back and shoulders. Results suggest the exercises must be performed longer before the pectoralis minor is lengthened to improve symptoms. (Dye J., Allyn M., & Frank C. 2024) However, further research is needed.
Health Conditions
Pectoralis minor stretches may be part of a personalized therapy program to improve mobility, posture, and/or breathing and sleep quality with health conditions that include:
Stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve their flexibility and function. Exercises can improve strength and function by standing or lying down, depending on the stretch.
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic
The pectoralis minor muscles are often overlooked in clinical examinations but can contribute to musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. A healthcare provider can teach about stretches, how they can help, and whether they are safe for the individual’s injury and/or condition. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. The clinic can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.
Doorway Stretching Routine
References
Kaur, U., Shrestha, D., Hussain, M. A., Dalal, P., Kalita, M., Sharma, V., & Sharma, S. (2023). Prompt Impact of Muscle Energy Technique on Pectoralis Muscle Tightness in Computer Users: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(2), 123–128. doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2023.13.2.123
Wagner, E. R., Gottschalk, M. B., Ahmed, A. S., Graf, A. R., & Karzon, A. L. (2023). Novel Diagnostic and Treatment Techniques for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery, 27(2), 100–114. doi.org/10.1097/BTH.0000000000000419
Dye, J., Allyn, M., & Frank, C. (2024). Is there an immediate effect on pectoralis minor length after performing a prone scapular retraction exercise using typical sets and repetitions in pain-free participants? Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 40, 1014–1019. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.07.026
Chankavee, N., Amatachaya, S., Hunsawong, T., Thaweewannakij, T., & Mato, L. (2023). Effects of modified long stick exercise on hyperkyphosis, muscle imbalance, and balance control in elderly community-dwelling women with hyperkyphosis. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 36(5), 1151–1162. doi.org/10.3233/BMR-220350
Liao, Y. X., Saiken, A., Chang, X., Guo, Y. F., Tan, Z., Deng, F., Meng, Q. L., Zhen, H., Li, Y. M., & Fang, B. M. (2025). Associations of fat, bone, and muscle indices with disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 29(1), 82. doi.org/10.1007/s11325-024-03241-8
Thongchote, K., Chinwaro, U., & Lapmanee, S. (2024). Effects of scapulothoracic exercises on chest mobility, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary function in male COPD patients with forward shoulder posture: A randomized controlled trial. F1000Research, 11, 1284. doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126832.2
Are there benefits to back cracking, risks, and how can it be done safely?
Back Cracking
Back cracking is intentionally applying pressure or twisting movements, producing a popping or cracking sound in the spine. Back cracking involves stretching or extending the spine. In most cases, it is considered safe when done gently as it can provide temporary relief from back pain and stiffness by:
Stretching the ligaments and muscles around the spine
Releasing gas bubbles that may be causing pressure
Improving joint mobility
Mechanism of Action
Cracking your back creates small gas bubbles in the synovial fluid (the lubricating fluid in the joints).
These bubbles form when the pressure in the joints is suddenly released, causing a popping or cracking sound.
It is generally safe, but there are certain conditions under which individuals should avoid cracking their backs.
Popping Sound
Research has used a new type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cine MRI, to study the noise source. Cine MRI produces moving images.
This study using this MRI found that the formation of bubbles makes a popping sound.
The popping sound does not come from the popping of bubbles in the synovial fluid, as previously believed. (Kawchuk G. N. et al., 2015)
When someone cracks their back, the force pulls the bones of the joint apart, causing the pressure within the joint to drop and form a bubble, which eventually dissipates. (Kawchuk G. N. et al., 2015)
Crepitus
Crepitus is the medical term for cracking or popping noise from joints.
It is not a condition or disease but can be a symptom of one.
Other terms include clicking or crunching.
Is It Safe To Perform Daily?
Back cracking once a day is generally considered safe. But if it causes pain or swelling, then stop and contact a healthcare provider. If someone feels the need to crack their back more throughout the day, it could be a sign that they need to see a professional chiropractic healthcare provider. (AICA Orthopedics, 2022) Individuals may crack their backs to address certain conditions or to relieve various discomfort symptoms that can include: (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2025)
Headache
Neck pain
Lower back pain
Sciatica
Individuals may often experience mild side effects like headache, stiffness, or pain. These side effects tend to resolve within a day. Though back cracking can provide temporary relief for some conditions, some serious side effects like neurological problems or strokes have been reported. (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2025)
Rotate the upper body to the right side and press against the right knee with the left elbow.
Hold the stretch for 30 seconds and come back to the center.
Repeat on the other side.
Knee to Chest
Lie flat on the ground.
Lift one leg and bring the knee to the chest, pulling the knee in with your hands.
Hold for five seconds.
Repeat with the other leg.
Several back-cracking assistive devices, such as poles and wheels, are available. Talk to a healthcare provider to determine the right type and ensure it is safe for you and your condition or injury.
Individuals Who Should Avoid Back Cracking
Back cracking can cause additional stress or damage to the joints in those with back injuries or other conditions. Individuals with these conditions should avoid back cracking (AICA Orthopedics, 2022)
Numbness or tingling of the arms or legs.
Osteoporosis
Spinal cancer
Spinal abnormalities
Individuals who have a high stroke risk.
A Professional Back Adjustment
A chiropractor is a healthcare provider who specializes in spine and spinal adjustments. They adjust the spine and other areas of the body to correct misalignment problems, reduce and relieve pain, and allow the body to recover independently. (National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus, 2023) The chiropractor will take a health history to learn about previous injuries and conditions. Then, they will evaluate the patient and determine the best course of action. Although a chiropractor performs spinal adjustments, they may also incorporate other treatments, including: (National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus, 2023)
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Chiropractic Secrets
References
Kawchuk, G. N., Fryer, J., Jaremko, J. L., Zeng, H., Rowe, L., & Thompson, R. (2015). Real-time visualization of joint cavitation. PloS one, 10(4), e0119470. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119470
Looking for GI disorder treatment? Learn about the latest strategies and methods to manage your condition effectively.
What Are GI Disorders?
How often does a huge lunch leave you feeling bloated? Have you ever had gastrointestinal inflammation or constipation? Or do you have muscles and joints that are stiff? Environmental variables may disrupt the gastrointestinal system and produce several overlapping risk profiles in the body by extending their effect onto the musculoskeletal system. This can result in pain-like sensations that often resemble musculoskeletal illnesses, although many individuals are unaware of this. Depending on their severity, gastrointestinal (GI) problems are often frequent and may be difficult to treat, with major medical and social repercussions. In 2018, Malone et al. Gastric reflux disease (GERD), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are a few prevalent GI disorders. In the musculoskeletal system, GI issues may be a contributing factor to persistent discomfort, inflexible joints, and muscular dysfunction. Understanding the relationship between the stomach and the musculoskeletal system helps many people find practical, non-surgical solutions that may alleviate pain and enhance their quality of life.
How GI Disorders Affect The Gut & Musculoskeletal System
Many individuals question how environmental variables might impact their muscles and intestines, and they play a significant role in the development of GI illnesses. One environmental component that might have an impact on the muscles and intestines is stress. A person’s physical and mental health may be impacted by stress, which can alter how the gut bacteria react and result in gastrointestinal diseases. In 2011, Konturek et al.
Inflammation & Systemic Effects
When GI illnesses begin to impact the body, they lead to inflammation and adhere to the afflicted region, resulting in problems with the stomach. When the gut system is affected by inflammation, it may cause low-grade inflammation, compromise the integrity of the gut barrier, and interfere with normal food and nutrient digestion. In 2024, Cassini et al. This may result in inflammatory chronic gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. This may then cause cytokines and inflammatory mediators to be released into the bloodstream, which can lead to systemic inflammation in the musculoskeletal system, resulting in symptoms including tiredness, joint stiffness, and muscle soreness.
Nutrient Malabsorption & Deficiencies
Chronic diarrhea, IBD, and celiac disease may all affect how nutrients are absorbed, resulting in vitamin and mineral deficiencies that can cause joint pain, weakness, and cramping in the muscles that are often confused with fibromyalgia or arthritis.
Gut Dysbiosis & The Nervous System
The neurological system and the digestive system, often referred to as the “second brain,” have a special interaction. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut bacteria, may lead to the development of a leaky gut since the gut contains trillions of bacteria and aids in the transportation of nutrients from meals to other bodies. Toxins may enter the circulation and set off the immune system as a result. This results in systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain, which impacts the quality of life and pain of the musculoskeletal system from the stomach. (Casini and others, 2024) In addition, the gut-brain axis regulates muscular contraction and pain perception.
Visceral-Somatic Reflexes & Referred Pain
Referred pain patterns, in which the musculoskeletal system experiences visceral discomfort, may be caused by GI problems. Visceral pain hypersensitivity manifests as persistent stomach pain or discomfort (Farmer & Aziz, 2009). For instance, IBS might result in lower back and pelvic pain because of visceral-somatic responses, but GERD can produce chest and upper back pain.
Fighting Inflammation Naturally: Video
Functional & Nonsurgical Approaches To Reduce GI Pain
The following non-surgical, evidence-based methods may be used to treat musculoskeletal and intestinal discomfort:
Dietary Modifications
A nutritious diet is a good place to start when making little adjustments to enhance gut health. A balanced diet may help the body develop, mend, and produce energy. It can also influence and control a number of vital bodily processes, including hormones in the gastrointestinal tract. El-Salhy, 2019. By avoiding trigger meals that result in overlapping pain sensations, including foods high in omega-3s and polyphenols may help lessen the inflammatory effects from the stomach. GI issues may be treated using the following diets:
Elimination and Anti-Inflammatory Diet
Diet of FODMAP.
Pro-& Prebiotics
Probiotics and prebiotics may aid in the restoration and balancing of the gut flora in terms of gut health. Prebiotics use foods high in fiber to nourish the good bacteria in the stomach and promote gut health, while probiotics include good bacteria that help balance the gut microbiota and lower inflammation. By combining these two, intestinal inflammation may be avoided by reestablishing the dynamic equilibrium between the host defense systems and microbiota in the intestinal mucosa. (Dhaneshwar & Roy, 2023)
Stress Management
Reducing environmental stresses that lead to gastrointestinal illnesses and musculoskeletal discomfort also helps the body relax and ease tight muscles. Among the methods individuals may use are:
Meditation and Mindfulness: Progressive muscular relaxation, yoga, and deep breathing may all help people feel less discomfort and less sensitive to their stomachs.
Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, may help enhance pain tolerance and manage GI symptoms brought on by stress.
Manual Therapies
GI conditions linked to musculoskeletal discomfort may be reduced using manual therapy. In order to assist strengthen and stretch weak muscle groups and lessen the body’s inflammatory effects, massage therapists, physical therapists, and chiropractors may use a variety of treatments. Among these treatments are:
Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy (OMT): Enhances gastrointestinal motility and relieves referred pain.
Visceral manipulation is a manual treatment that eases musculoskeletal tension and improves digestion by releasing abdominal limitations.
Massage therapy may ease back and abdominal muscular tension and lessen gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress.
Acupuncture
By activating the autonomic nervous system, acupuncture has been shown to enhance stomach motility and lessen discomfort associated with IBS. To alleviate a patient, acupuncturists insert tiny, thin needles into different bodily acupoints. Neuromodulation, intestinal barrier restoration, and gut microbiota adjustment are all part of acupuncture. (Li and others, 2023)
Conclusion
The musculoskeletal system and gastrointestinal illnesses interact in a unique way because their risk profiles overlap and correlate. Treatments to lessen GI issues may be more successful when this relationship is understood. Functional, non-surgical methods including movement-based treatments, manual therapies, stress management, gut microbiota maintenance, and dietary modifications may provide comprehensive relief from GI-related musculoskeletal pain. These little adjustments to a person’s daily schedule, such as regular exercise or a balanced diet, may help address the underlying cause of dysfunction and provide long-lasting relief and enhanced wellbeing.
Injury Medical & Functional Medicine Clinic
We associate with certified medical providers who understand the importance of the effects of GI disorders on not only the gut system but also the musculoskeletal system. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to implement small changes like physical activities and small dietary changes to their diet to reduce the chances of GI disorders from returning. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
References
Casini, I., Massai, L., Solomita, E., Ortenzi, K., Pieretti, S., & Aloisi, A. M. (2024). Gastrointestinal Conditions Affect Chronic Pain and Quality of Life in Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 21(11). doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111435
El-Salhy, M. (2019). Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders. Nutrients, 11(12). doi.org/10.3390/nu11123013
Farmer, A. D., & Aziz, Q. (2009). Visceral pain hypersensitivity in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Br Med Bull, 91, 123-136. doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldp026
Konturek, P. C., Brzozowski, T., & Konturek, S. J. (2011). Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options. J Physiol Pharmacol, 62(6), 591-599. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314561
Li, X., Liu, S., Liu, H., & Zhu, J. J. (2023). Acupuncture for gastrointestinal diseases. Anat Rec (Hoboken), 306(12), 2997-3005. doi.org/10.1002/ar.24871
Malone, M., Waheed, A., & Samiullah, S. (2018). Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Functional Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults. FP Essent, 466, 21-28. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528206
Roy, S., & Dhaneshwar, S. (2023). Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives. World J Gastroenterol, 29(14), 2078-2100. doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i14.2078
Learn about kyphosis, its causes and symptoms, and treatment approaches to alleviate discomfort and improve posture.
What Is Kyphosis?
How frequently have you seen that after spending too much time sitting down, your posture has become more hunched? Do you have neck and shoulder strains that are momentarily relieved by stretching? Or do you experience shoulder and back discomfort and tension as a result of bad posture? Frequently, people have experienced musculoskeletal problems that may impact the neck, shoulders, and back—the three most frequent parts of the body. A spinal disorder called kyphosis may result from prolonged hunching. An increase in the forward curve of the spine that affects the thoracic location is known as kyphosis, and it may be brought on by degenerative alterations in the intervertebral discs. (Lam & Mukhdomi, 2025) The development of a hunchback or rounded upper back is a symptom of kyphosis that may impact posture and general musculoskeletal health. Depending on how severe the kyphosis is, the symptoms might vary from severe stiffness and pain to trouble breathing. Finding different treatment choices for this spinal ailment may also be made easier for many people by having a better grasp of the environmental variables that contribute to its development and the symptoms that are connected with it.
Environmental Factors Contributing to Kyphosis
Kyphosis may occur as a result of many environmental factors. This is because a lot of individuals engage in physically demanding activities that put a lot of strain on the spine. On the other hand, kyphosis may occur as a result of the spine’s gradual aging process. Among the environmental elements that cause kyphosis are:
Bad Posture
Living a Sedentary Lifestyle
Overweight Items & Inappropriate Lifting
Osteoporosis
Conditions & Injuries of the Spine
Kyphosis Symptoms & Its Effects on the Musculoskeletal System
Because it may impact both the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine, kyphosis can result in a number of musculoskeletal issues.When kyphosis begins to damage the cervical region, it may result in referred neck pain, which puts more pressure on the soft tissues in the back. This forces the head to cope with a mechanical imbalance, which puts strain on the muscles and creates weariness. (Ogura and others, 2021) At the same time, when kyphosis begins to impact the thoracic spine, other risk factors include poor bone density and dysfunction in the lower extremities in older persons, which may restrict movement. (Lorbergs and others, 2017). Other musculoskeletal problems linked to kyphosis include:
Stiffness & Pain in the Upper Back
Minimal Flexibility & Mobility
Referred pain
Weakness and Muscle Fatigue
Digestive & Breathing Problems
Understanding Long-Lasting Injuries- Video
Treatment Approaches For Kyphosis
If the spinal curvature has become much worse, many people have chosen to undergo surgery to manage the symptoms of kyphosis. Nonetheless, a lot of individuals have chosen nonsurgical treatments since they are less expensive and noninvasive. In order to improve a person’s posture and lessen the difficulties associated with kyphosis, nonsurgical therapies may take many different forms. (Jenkins et al., 2021) When individuals begin using nonsurgical methods to lessen cervical kyphosis, their mobility and postural control will significantly improve. (Oakley and others, 2024)
Chiropractic Care & More
For those with kyphosis, chiropractic adjustments are a non-invasive treatment option that may help reduce pain and realign the spine. The goal of chiropractic therapy is to stretch and strengthen weak, tense muscles while realigning the spine to its natural position. By increasing the range of motion in the neck, chiropractic therapy may alleviate overlapping risk profiles, such as headaches and kyphotic neck discomfort. (Norton and others, 2022) Additionally, in order to avoid a slouched posture, chiropractors may create a personalized treatment plan for those with kyphosis that offers substantial relief from the neck to the back. (Fortner and others, 2017). For those with kyphosis, chiropractic adjustments may provide the following advantages:
Adjustments to the spine may help realign the vertebrae, improve posture, and lessen excessive curvature.
Postural Training: To improve support, chiropractors may provide workouts that build stronger core and back muscles.
Pain management: Spinal decompression methods and manual treatment may ease tense muscles and lessen transferred pain.
Increased Flexibility and Mobility: Mobility exercises and stretching help increase range of motion and avoid stiffness.
Additional Treatments For Kyphosis
In addition to chiropractic treatment, alternative kyphosis management techniques may enhance spinal stability and stop the progression of spine curvature. Among these extra treatments are;
Physical Therapy.
Supporting Postural Ergonomics
Final Thoughts
Although kyphosis may cause pain and suffering, quality of life can be greatly improved with early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Proactively treating kyphosis may result in improved posture, less discomfort, and more mobility, whether via physical therapy, chiropractic adjustments, or lifestyle changes.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
We associate with certified medical providers who implement the importance of the causes and symptoms of kyphosis. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate small changes into their daily routine to reduce the effects of kyphosis from affecting the cervical and thoracic areas. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
References
Fortner, M. O., Oakley, P. A., & Harrison, D. E. (2017). Treating ‘slouchy’ (hyperkyphosis) posture with chiropractic biophysics((R)): a case report utilizing a multimodal mirror image((R)) rehabilitation program. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 29(8), 1475-1480. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.1475
Jenkins, H. J., Downie, A. S., Fernandez, M., & Hancock, M. J. (2021). Decreasing thoracic hyperkyphosis – Which treatments are most effective? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract, 56, 102438. doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102438
Lorbergs, A. L., Murabito, J. M., Jarraya, M., Guermazi, A., Allaire, B. T., Yang, L., Kiel, D. P., Cupples, L. A., Bouxsein, M. L., Travison, T. G., & Samelson, E. J. (2017). Thoracic Kyphosis and Physical Function: The Framingham Study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 65(10), 2257-2264. doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15038
Norton, T. C., Oakley, P. A., & Harrison, D. E. (2022). Improving the cervical lordosis relieves neck pain and chronic headaches in a pediatric: a Chiropractic Biophysics((R)) (CBP((R))) case report with a 17-month follow-up. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 34(1), 71-75. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.34.71
Oakley, P. A., Gage, W. H., Harrison, D. E., & Mochizuki, G. (2024). Non-surgical reduction in thoracolumbar kyphosis and sagittal vertical axis corresponding with improved sensorimotor control in an older adult with spinal deformity: a Chiropractic Biophysics((R)) case report. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 36(11), 756-764. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.36.756
Ogura, Y., Dimar, J. R., Djurasovic, M., & Carreon, L. Y. (2021). Etiology and treatment of cervical kyphosis: state of the art review-a narrative review. J Spine Surg, 7(3), 422-433. doi.org/10.21037/jss-21-54
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