Nutrigenomics, also known as nutritional genomics, is a branch of science that studies the relationship between the human genome, nutrition, and overall health and wellness. According to nutrigenomics, food can affect gene expression, the process by which instructions from a gene are utilized in the biosynthesis of a functional gene product, such as a protein.
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology that focuses on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. Nutrigenomics utilizes that information to create a custom dietary program to help improve a person’s overall health and wellness with food.
Nutrigenetics is a branch of science that focuses on how the human body responds to nutrients based on their genetic variation. Due to the differences in people’s DNA, the absorption, transportation, and metabolization, among other functions, of nutrients can be different from one person to the other. People can have similar characteristics based on their genes but these genes are actually not identical. This is what is known as genetic variation.
Can nutritional epigenetics influence how we age and our longevity? El Paso, Tx. Dr. Jimenez presents data on how nutrition can influence longevity and how we age.
Longevity or our length of life is dictated by complex factors which include our genetic blueprint, age, health, and environment. This includes nutrition.
Gene-nutrient interactions are, partly responsible for regulating metabolic processes that begin and develop conditions like obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
A mechanism of nutrient-gene interaction is the epigenetic involvement of inherited patterns of changes, that are maintained by other mechanisms in DNA, Fig. 1a
Although still not fully proven but on the right track was that the availability of folate improved the regeneration of the adult central nervous system after injury through an epigenetic mechanism.
Epigenetic Aging
During the last couple of years, we witnessed a remarkable increase in the number of studies addressing the relationship between epigenetic alterations and aging. Still in its infancy, and still focusing mainly on brain aging, this research clearly indicated that epigenetic mechanisms are not only responsible, in part, for the aging process but they are also dynamically related with memory formation and maintenance.
Penner MR, Roth TL, Barnes CA, Sweatt JD. An epigenetic hypothesis of aging-related cognitive dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2:9.
The manipulation of the epigenome for memory improvement became possible through changes in histone acetylation.
The Link: Nutrition & Longevity
Research to complete the chain of nutrition to epigenetic changes to how we age is still ongoing.
Present knowledge of the epigenetic roles in nutrition having to do with longevity/aging relies on the structure of three components:
Nutritionally guided epigenetic modification
Age-related epigenetic changes
Comprehensive knowledge of both of these components
The first two are being developed quickly, but the third is the most demanding in terms of design, time, allocation, and cost. This takes more time. But technology/humanity is moving along at a quick pace, as well, because at the end of the day we all want to be healthy.
Therefore, Nutritional intervention, when applied at critical periods (e.g., embryonic and fetal development) is having a profound effect as to how the epigenome gets shaped.
When considering the beginning of chronic disease/s, being able to fight disease/s with food sounds like a win-win. If epigenetic/genomic nutrition can help in figuring out what we need to beat disease/s, then let’s go!
Family In Kitchen Making Morning Breakfast Together
Methyl donors, such as folate, vitamin B12, methionine, betaine or trimethylglycine, and choline, are fundamental for a variety of biochemical pathways which occur within a cell. Understanding how the human body utilizes methyl donors as well as what does methylation do in the human body can help people achieve overall health and wellness. Dr. Alex Jimenez, chiropractor, explains the essential functions of methylation on the cardiovascular, neurological, reproductive, and detoxification systems, among others.
How the Human Body Utilizes Methyl Donors
Cell division, DNA and RNA synthesis. The metabolism of folate is essential for both DNA and RNA synthesis because it is also frequently associated with the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Methyl donor deficiency can increase the risk for cytosine deamination into uracil which can elevate DNA strand breaks, fragmentation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis.
Early CNS development. Folate deficiencies associated with genetic and environmental factors can increase the risk of neural tube defects. According to research studies, however, methylation can help improve early CNS development. National folic acid food fortification programs have been demonstrated to be successful at decreasing the risk of this condition in newborns.
Gene expression. DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic process which regulates gene expression. DNA methyltransferase, or DNMT, enzymes are in charge of attaching a methyl group to cytosine bases in CpG dinucleotides. Mammals introduce approximately 80 percent of CpG dinucleotides for gene expression. Elevated levels of methylation in gene promoter regions can generally cause repression. Methylation can either promote or repress expression. Research studies suggest that hypermethylation, or the increase in the methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA, is associated with the increased risk of cancer and other health issues.
Post-transcription modification. Methylation of post-transcription RNA and microRNA can help regulate microRNA translation and protein synthesis. Abnormal RNA methylation activity has been associated with a wide variety of health issues.
Immune cell differentiation. Methylation regulates the development of immune cells, including T cells and Th2 cytokine regulation.
Neurotransmitter biosynthesis and metabolism. Methylation through SAMe is an essential process in the metabolism and synthesis of biogenic amine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin. Additionally, methylation is necessary for acetylcholine biosynthesis. Methylation can also regenerate tetrahydrobiopterin, a co-factor in biosynthetic pathways.
Histamine clearance. One biosynthetic pathway for histamine metabolism occurs through histamine N- methyltransferase, which needs the methyl donor SAMe. Low SAMe or altered enzyme activity can lead to an increase in histamine and clinical symptoms.
Detoxification. Together with glucuronidation, sulfuration, and acetylation, methylation is an essential pathway for the biotransformation of xenobiotics within phase II detoxification. Poor methylation activity can reduce the human body�s ability to detoxify, which can lead to toxicity-related health issues. DNA methylation also regulates Nrf2 signaling, known as the “master regulator of antioxidant defense�, a fundamental mechanism that regulates numerous phase II detoxification enzymes.
Hormone biotransformation. Methylation can help clear as well as regulate estrogens through COMT. If this process is interrupted, estrogen metabolites can increase the risk of oxidative DNA damage. Methylation is important because it can help support safe estrogen clearance, regulation, and even detoxification in patients with estrogen dominance or estrogen-receptor positive cancers.
Cellular energy metabolism. Methylation plays a fundamental role in mitochondrial or cellular energy metabolism through the biosynthesis of CoQ10, carnitine, and ATP. Cellular or mitochondrial energy metabolism can promote overall health and wellness.
Phospholipid synthesis. Methylation also plays an essential role in phospholipid synthesis. SAMe is required for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a primary component in the cellular membrane as well as a precursor for acetylcholine, among others.
Myelination of peripheral nerves. Concentrations of SAMe deficiencies in the cerebrospinal fluids have been demonstrated to cause demyelination. DNA methylation can ultimately help improve and maintain the myelination of the peripheral nerves.
Methylation is one of the most fundamental metabolic functions of the human body and it ultimately depends on the correct function of a variety of proteins and enzymes. Methylation is the transfer of a methyl group into proteins, amino acids, enzymes, and DNA to regulate cell energy, genetic expression, and detoxification, among other essential processes. Poor methylation activity can cause a variety of health issues, including chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, among other health issues. Understanding what does methylation do in the human body can help significantly improve overall health and wellness.
Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Smoothies and Juices for Methylation Support
While many healthcare professionals can recommend nutritional guidelines and lifestyle modifications, there are several alternative treatment options you can try for yourself at home. As described above, however, supplementation for methylation support should be correctly determined by a healthcare professional. Smoothies and juices are a fast and easy way to include all the necessary nutrients you need for methylation support in a single serving. The smoothies and juices below are part of the Methylation Diet Food Plan.
Sea Green Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup cantaloupe, cubed � 1/2 banana � 1 handful of kale or spinach � 1 handful of Swiss chard � 1/4 avocado � 2 teaspoons spirulina powder � 1 cup water � 3 or more ice cubes Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until completely smooth and enjoy!
Berry Bliss Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup blueberries (fresh or frozen, preferably wild) � 1 medium carrot, roughly chopped � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed or chia seed � 1 tablespoons almonds � Water (to desired consistency) � Ice cubes (optional, may omit if using frozen blueberries) Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until smooth and creamy. Best served immediately!
Sweet and Spicy Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup honeydew melons � 3 cups spinach, rinsed � 3 cups Swiss chard, rinsed � 1 bunch cilantro (leaves and stems), rinsed � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 2-3 knobs whole turmeric root (optional), rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Ginger Greens Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup pineapple cubes � 1 apple, sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 3 cups kale, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped � 5 cups Swiss chard, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Zesty Beet Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 grapefruit, peeled and sliced � 1 apple, washed and sliced � 1 whole beet, and leaves if you have them, washed and sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Protein Power Smoothie Serving: 1 Cook time: 5 minutes � 1 scoop protein powder � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed � 1/2 banana � 1 kiwi, peeled � 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon � Pinch of cardamom � Non-dairy milk or water, enough to achieve desired consistency Blend all ingredients in a high-powered blender until completely smooth. Best served immediately!
ProLon� Fasting Mimicking Diet
alanced methylation support can be achieved through proper nutrition. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet offers a 5-day meal program which has been individually packed and labeled to serve the foods you need for the FMD in precise quantities and combinations. The meal program is made up of ready-to-eat or easy-to-prepare, plant-based foods, including bars, soups, snacks, supplements, a drink concentrate, and teas. The products are scientifically formulated and great tasting. Before starting the ProLon� fasting mimicking diet, 5-day meal program, please make sure to talk to a healthcare professional to find out if the FMD is right for you. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet can help promote methylation support, among a variety of other healthy benefits.
Many doctors and functional medicine practitioners may recommend higher doses of methyl donors in several patients, however, further research studies are needed to determine the proper amount of methylation supplementation. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Acute Back Pain
Back pain is one of the most prevalent causes of disability and missed days at work worldwide. Back pain attributes to the second most common reason for doctor office visits, outnumbered only by upper-respiratory infections. Approximately 80 percent of the population will experience back pain at least once throughout their life. Your spine is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles, among other soft tissues. Injuries and/or aggravated conditions, such as herniated discs, can eventually lead to symptoms of back pain. Sports injuries or automobile accident injuries are often the most frequent cause of back pain, however, sometimes the simplest of movements can have painful results. Fortunately, alternative treatment options, such as chiropractic care, can help ease back pain through the use of spinal adjustments and manual manipulations, ultimately improving pain relief.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN�s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link.*XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
How does epigenetic and personalized nutrition contribute to optimal health?
Most of us know about unhealthy food how it affects our bodies. They
Slow Down Metabolism
Add Weight
Clog and harden arteries etc.
But now there are foods and food elements that can help us in a way and comes from a place we might not of thought of, and that is our DNA.
Nutriepigenomics examines connections between diet and biomarkers that can be attached or removed from our DNA. This turns our genes on or off.
New studies are showing that certain foods or supplements can adjust the expression of our genes, which can influence our health.
Nutritional genomics is revolutionizing both clinical and public health nutritional practices:
Diet, exercise, and environmental exposure are all elements that have shown a role in switching genes on and off through epigenetics. Adjusting lifestyle factors can control the potential to reduce disease and have a positive impact on our health.
Health professionals from all over are beginning to incorporate epigenetics into their practice aiming to provide more specialized and individualized treatment plans.
�Layering information such as diet, lifestyle, environmental factors, family history, symptoms, and diagnoses along with epigenetics can help guide someone to a state of optimized health,� said Kristy Hall, MS, RNCP, ROHP, a board certified functional nutritionist and founder of Living Well Nutrition who uses epigenetic testing, nutrition counseling, and a multifaceted approach to better provide for her clients.
The upper DNA molecule differs from the lower DNA molecule at a single base-pair location (a C/A polymorphism)
Nutritional genetics or nutrigenetics involves the identification, classification, and characterization of human genetic variation that modifies nutrient metabolism/ utilization and food tolerances Fig1.
IOM. Nutrigenomics and beyond: Informing the future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2007.
Application: Genetic & Epigenetics
Nutrients, for example, pharmaceuticals, are powerful effectors of genome expression and stability, and these gene-nutrient interactions can be optimized for disease prevention.
Individualized Nutrition
The promise of nutritional engineering for optimal health through diet is still ongoing, but the public is holding positive expectations, as is evidenced by the use of dietary supplements.
Scientific research is showing that nutrients in different foods and supplements we eat may be able to adjust or reverse heritable changes. This evidence can be used in making better lifestyle choices.
Blueberries are incredibly high in antioxidants and it�s thought that this �superfood� can epigenetically reduce DNA damage, thereby protecting humans against cancer and possibly even slow aging. Blueberry juice and vitamin C have been shown to be potential methylation inhibitors for the MTHFR gene and the DNMT1 gene in humans.
Kim, M., Na, H., Kasai, H., Kawai, K., Li, Y.-S., & Yang, M. (2017). Comparison of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and Vitamin C via Antioxidative and Epigenetic Effects in Human. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(3), 174�181.
Learning about what we eat and what it does to our bodies, especially potential epigenetic impact, is just one step closer to optimal health.
Methylation plays a role in a variety of bodily functions, including plasticity. The regulation of DNA methylation is essential for cells to “read” epigenetic patterns. Methylation occurs randomly in regions known as the metastable epialleles. These epigenetic patterns are then passed down to offspring during fetal development, and they will continue to be preserved through multiple generations. How genomic imprinting impacts DNA methylation and plasticity has been demonstrated in a variety of research studies.
Genomic imprinting is tremendously affected by environmental factors. By way of instance, exposure to the fungicide vinclozolin and the pesticide methoxychlor can trigger alterations in epigenetic patterns which can carry over to future generations, regardless of maintained exposure. Environmental factors may also prevent DNA methylation activity, which may cause various health issues.
Genomic Imprinting and DNA Methylation
Nutrient deficiencies required for SAMe biosynthesis and/or DNA methylation activity may lead to permanent nutritional deficits in CpG methylation. Animal research studies have demonstrated that supplements, such as folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, and betaine, during pregnancy can have a considerable, restorative impact on offspring DNA methylation activity and SAMe biosynthesis.
As mentioned above, the preservation of DNA methylation in proliferative cells and/or tissues may also be tremendously affected by nutritional deficiencies in methyl donor status and/or DNA methylation activity. As a matter of fact, DNA de-methylation, which generally develops between the ages of 34 to 68 years old, is considered to be part of the normal aging process. Human research studies have demonstrated that non-age-related alterations in DNA methylation may occur outside crucial fetal developmental stages.
In a research study published in the Lancet, researchers determined that hyperhomocysteinemia, between 16 and 100 ?mol/L plasma or serum, was considerably associated with DNA hypomethylation in humans. The research study participants were between the ages of 39 to 68 years old. Researchers believed that this occurred due to an increase in S-adenosyl homocysteine, or SAH), a powerful inhibitor of SAMe- dependent methyltransferases, including DNMTs. Induced folate deficiencies in the research study participants further worsened hyperhomocysteinemia, and folate treatment decreased plasma total homocysteine and DNA hypomethylation.
Animal research studies also demonstrated that DNA methylation may also be tremendously affected outside the critical fetal developmental stages. Dietary and lifestyle modifications may help restore methylation status. By way of instance, methionine supplements in adult rodent offspring have been demonstrated to reverse DNA methylation changes in the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor as well as in stress responses, caused by negative maternal behaviors in early life. Moreover, betaine supplements have also been demonstrated to trigger promoter hypermethylation activity on specific genes in porcine liver.
Although the evidence is still limited, and more research studies are required to determine outcome measures, both animal and human research studies demonstrated that alterations in DNA methylation can be caused by nutrient availability, including folate, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. The outcome measures of many of these research studies suggest that multiple factors, such as food-based modulators on genomic imprinting, lifestyle, and environmental exposures, shape the overall impact on DNA methylation.
DNA methylation has been demonstrated to tremendously affect genomic imprinting associated with nutrient deficiencies and environmental factors. Stress responses may also alter DNA methylation epigenetic patterns which are correlated with gene expression differences. According to the research studies mentioned in the following article, nutrient deficiencies and environmental factors may cause DNA methylation health issues throughout multiple generations. Understanding how DNA methylation affects plasticity is essential for individuals to continue overall health and wellness for future generations.
Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Smoothies and Juices for Methylation Support
While many healthcare professionals can recommend nutritional guidelines and lifestyle modifications, there are several alternative treatment options you can try for yourself at home. As described above, however, supplementation for methylation support should be correctly determined by a healthcare professional. Smoothies and juices are a fast and easy way to include all the necessary nutrients you need for methylation support in a single serving. The smoothies and juices below are part of the Methylation Diet Food Plan.
Sea Green Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup cantaloupe, cubed � 1/2 banana � 1 handful of kale or spinach � 1 handful of Swiss chard � 1/4 avocado � 2 teaspoons spirulina powder � 1 cup water � 3 or more ice cubes Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until completely smooth and enjoy!
Berry Bliss Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup blueberries (fresh or frozen, preferably wild) � 1 medium carrot, roughly chopped � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed or chia seed � 1 tablespoons almonds � Water (to desired consistency) � Ice cubes (optional, may omit if using frozen blueberries) Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until smooth and creamy. Best served immediately!
Sweet and Spicy Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup honeydew melons � 3 cups spinach, rinsed � 3 cups Swiss chard, rinsed � 1 bunch cilantro (leaves and stems), rinsed � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 2-3 knobs whole turmeric root (optional), rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Ginger Greens Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup pineapple cubes � 1 apple, sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 3 cups kale, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped � 5 cups Swiss chard, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Zesty Beet Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 grapefruit, peeled and sliced � 1 apple, washed and sliced � 1 whole beet, and leaves if you have them, washed and sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Protein Power Smoothie Serving: 1 Cook time: 5 minutes � 1 scoop protein powder � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed � 1/2 banana � 1 kiwi, peeled � 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon � Pinch of cardamom � Non-dairy milk or water, enough to achieve desired consistency Blend all ingredients in a high-powered blender until completely smooth. Best served immediately!
ProLon� Fasting Mimicking Diet
alanced methylation support can be achieved through proper nutrition. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet offers a 5-day meal program which has been individually packed and labeled to serve the foods you need for the FMD in precise quantities and combinations. The meal program is made up of ready-to-eat or easy-to-prepare, plant-based foods, including bars, soups, snacks, supplements, a drink concentrate, and teas. The products are scientifically formulated and great tasting. Before starting the ProLon� fasting mimicking diet, 5-day meal program, please make sure to talk to a healthcare professional to find out if the FMD is right for you. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet can help promote methylation support, among a variety of other healthy benefits.
Many doctors and functional medicine practitioners may recommend higher doses of methyl donors in several patients, however, further research studies are needed to determine the proper amount of methylation supplementation. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Acute Back Pain
Back pain is one of the most prevalent causes of disability and missed days at work worldwide. Back pain attributes to the second most common reason for doctor office visits, outnumbered only by upper-respiratory infections. Approximately 80 percent of the population will experience back pain at least once throughout their life. Your spine is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles, among other soft tissues. Injuries and/or aggravated conditions, such as herniated discs, can eventually lead to symptoms of back pain. Sports injuries or automobile accident injuries are often the most frequent cause of back pain, however, sometimes the simplest of movements can have painful results. Fortunately, alternative treatment options, such as chiropractic care, can help ease back pain through the use of spinal adjustments and manual manipulations, ultimately improving pain relief.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN�s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link.*XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
Methylation, also known as one-carbon metabolism, is a biochemical process which triggers methylation activity. A methyl group, one of the most common structural units of organic compounds, is made up of one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms (-CH3). A methyl group, added or removed from proteins or nucleic acids, can generally be created in two different ways, including by:
The attachment of a hydrogen atom to methylene atoms (-CH2-), promotes the production of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, or MTHFR. The product of this reaction is known as 5-methylTHF.
The change of a methyl group, such as catechol-O-methyltransferase, also known as COMT, and DNA methyltransferase, also known as DNMT enzymes. DNA methyltransferase enzymes utilize methyl groups from active S-adenosylmethionine or SAMe.
SAMe transforms to S-adenosyl homocysteine, or SAH, and then homocysteine demonstrated in Figure 1. Homocysteine can also convert to methionine through one of two different pathways. The dominant pathway, via methionine synthase conversion, requires the exchange of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, or 5-mTHF, where it is created by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, or MTHFR, the most well-known enzyme in the folate metabolic pathways.
A secondary pathway for methionine biosynthesis from homocysteine is via betaine homocysteine methyltransferase, which occurs in the liver and kidneys. Homocysteine may also trigger another biochemical pathway, particularly during states of increased oxidative stress, which transforms homocysteine to cystathionine to taurine, glutathione, or sulfate. The transsulfuration pathway is permanent, however, in order to produce glutathione, homocysteine may be utilized to generate SAMe, among other pathways.
Dietary folate can be found in a variety of foods as substances known as pteropolyglutamates. In order to be absorbed efficiently, the polyglutamate is hydrolyzed in the intestines into a monoglutamate known as tetrahydrofolate or THF. Folic acid, on the other hand, the most well-known synthetic form of the nutrient utilized in food fortification, must be decreased by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, twice in the liver where it will need the addition of two hydrogen atoms before it can convert into THF.
Most essentially, DHFR activity may often vary and it may ultimately decrease. DHFR activity in the liver is also 56 times slower in humans, according to research studies, meaning that we should be careful when we translate the pharmacokinetic outcome measures of folic acid in animals. Oftentimes, doctors and functional medicine practitioners will utilize other forms of supplemental folates including 5-mTHF and folinic acid, or 10-formyl THF, to avoid a potential DHFR blockage, and in the case of 5-mTHF, with the purpose to prevent polymorphism blockages at the MTHFR enzyme. Many research studies have demonstrated these findings.
Research studies comparing the effects of 5-mTHF versus folic acid on folate have demonstrated that methylation can also be effective at raising folate levels. Folinic acid is sometimes utilized to support cerebral folate levels in certain circumstances where auto-antibodies transport folate to proteins at the blood-brain barrier. Understanding the biochemistry of methylation is only the introduction to methylation. Nutrition and lifestyle modifications have been demonstrated to help with methylation support.
Methylation, the transfer of a methyl group to an organic compound, can be divided into two basic types: chemical and biological. The regulation of methylation in the human body is promoted through modifications to DNA and that of proteins or enzymes. The purpose of the following article is to demonstrate how chemical and biological factors play a role in the regulation of DNA methylation. Understanding these processes is important towards improving a patient’s overall health and wellness.
Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Smoothies and Juices for Methylation Support
While many healthcare professionals can recommend nutritional guidelines and lifestyle modifications, there are several alternative treatment options you can try for yourself at home. As described above, however, supplementation for methylation support should be correctly determined by a healthcare professional. Smoothies and juices are a fast and easy way to include all the necessary nutrients you need for methylation support in a single serving. The smoothies and juices below are part of the Methylation Diet Food Plan.
Sea Green Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup cantaloupe, cubed � 1/2 banana � 1 handful of kale or spinach � 1 handful of Swiss chard � 1/4 avocado � 2 teaspoons spirulina powder � 1 cup water � 3 or more ice cubes Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until completely smooth and enjoy!
Berry Bliss Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup blueberries (fresh or frozen, preferably wild) � 1 medium carrot, roughly chopped � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed or chia seed � 1 tablespoons almonds � Water (to desired consistency) � Ice cubes (optional, may omit if using frozen blueberries) Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until smooth and creamy. Best served immediately!
Sweet and Spicy Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup honeydew melons � 3 cups spinach, rinsed � 3 cups Swiss chard, rinsed � 1 bunch cilantro (leaves and stems), rinsed � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 2-3 knobs whole turmeric root (optional), rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Ginger Greens Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup pineapple cubes � 1 apple, sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 3 cups kale, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped � 5 cups Swiss chard, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Zesty Beet Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 grapefruit, peeled and sliced � 1 apple, washed and sliced � 1 whole beet, and leaves if you have them, washed and sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Protein Power Smoothie Serving: 1 Cook time: 5 minutes � 1 scoop protein powder � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed � 1/2 banana � 1 kiwi, peeled � 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon � Pinch of cardamom � Non-dairy milk or water, enough to achieve desired consistency Blend all ingredients in a high-powered blender until completely smooth. Best served immediately!
ProLon� Fasting Mimicking Diet
alanced methylation support can be achieved through proper nutrition. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet offers a 5-day meal program which has been individually packed and labeled to serve the foods you need for the FMD in precise quantities and combinations. The meal program is made up of ready-to-eat or easy-to-prepare, plant-based foods, including bars, soups, snacks, supplements, a drink concentrate, and teas. The products are scientifically formulated and great tasting. Before starting the ProLon� fasting mimicking diet, 5-day meal program, please make sure to talk to a healthcare professional to find out if the FMD is right for you. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet can help promote methylation support, among a variety of other healthy benefits.
Many doctors and functional medicine practitioners may recommend higher doses of methyl donors in several patients, however, further research studies are needed to determine the proper amount of methylation supplementation. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Acute Back Pain
Back pain is one of the most prevalent causes of disability and missed days at work worldwide. Back pain attributes to the second most common reason for doctor office visits, outnumbered only by upper-respiratory infections. Approximately 80 percent of the population will experience back pain at least once throughout their life. Your spine is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles, among other soft tissues. Injuries and/or aggravated conditions, such as herniated discs, can eventually lead to symptoms of back pain. Sports injuries or automobile accident injuries are often the most frequent cause of back pain, however, sometimes the simplest of movements can have painful results. Fortunately, alternative treatment options, such as chiropractic care, can help ease back pain through the use of spinal adjustments and manual manipulations, ultimately improving pain relief.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN�s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link.*XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
El Paso, TX. Dr. Alex Jimenez answers the question what is epigenetics, dietetics? And simplifies the science behind this new method in health care.
Dietetics is a field of science that studies how food and nutrition affect human health. Dietetics strongly emphasizes public health and education for all about the importance of healthy dietary choices.
Dietitian nutritionists present nutrition combined with science to help individuals improve their health. Nutrition and dietetic technicians also work with dietitian nutritionists to provide general nutrition education. Both groups are nationally credentialed and are an essential part of health care and foodservice management.
Professional Dietitian Nutritionists tend to focus on specific populations, or movements, which include:
Design individual nutritional plans to address specific health issues:
Unhealthy weight
Diabetes
Hypertension
Develop facility-wide nutrition programs:
Health care
Educational
Correctional Institutions
Increase public awareness of proper nutritional habits
Improve the accuracy and comprehension of food labels
Ensure the safety of the food supply
Research changes in diet:
Example: Reduce salt intake affects health
Result: Reduces blood pressure
Work with food manufacturers to improve nutritional quality of prepared foods
Food Information Council (2005), more than two-thirds of Americans surveyed expressed a favorable opinion toward the idea of using genetic information to develop personalized nutrition recommendations.
International Food Information Council. 2005 Consumer Attitudes toward Functional Foods/Foods for Health Executive Summary. July 2006. www.ific.org/ research/upload/2005funcfoodsresearch.pdf. Accessed September 2, 2007
Our epigenome provides an extra layer of instructions that influence gene activity. This is an extra layer of instructions that affect whether or not various genes are turned on or off, and ultimately affect cellular function and metabolism.
These are typically abbreviated as A, G, T, and C.
The Sequence or Order of These Bases Is What Drives Our Life Instructions
The human DNA sequence is somewhat similar to a chimpanzee. However, only a fraction of different sequences is what makes us human.
Inside The 3 Billion Bases are About 20,000 Genes
Genes are a specific set of sequences/instructions on how to make proteins, (complex molecules that trigger biological actions for carrying out life functions).
The DNA gives the instructions for various essential proteins to be produced inside the cell.
Epigenetics is what controls our genes: Epigenetics determine a cell�s specialization (e.g., skin cells, blood cells, hair cells, liver cells, etc.) as a fetus develops through gene expression (active) or silent (dormant).
Nurture: Environmental stimuli can cause genes to turn on or off.
They AreEverywhere
What We Eat
Where We Live
Who We Interact With
Sleep
Exercise
Age
All of these can cause chemical alterations around the genes that can turn them on or off over time.
In certain diseases, e.g., cancer or Alzheimer�s, certain genes will switch to the opposite state. This means they turn away from being in a normal/healthy state into an unhealthy state.
They Are What Makes Us Unique
Expedition 45/46 commander and retired astronaut Scott Kelly (right), along with his twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly (left), speak to media.
This is why some of us have:
Blonde hair
Dark skin
Dislike certain foods
More social than others
The different combinations of genes that get turned on or off is what makes each one of us.
There are even indications that some epigenetic changes are inherited.
It Is Reversible
With 20,000 genes, the results of different combinations being turned on or off are enormous.
Imagine if we could map every single cause and effect of the different combinations
Reverse the gene�s state to keep healthy genes while eliminating unhealthy genes
DNA is the script, the instructions for the actors
The cells are the actors
The literal DNA sequence are all the words
Certain blocks of words are key instructions for events to happen, these are the genes
The Epigenetic concept is like movie directing
Different directors can shoot the same script
However, each director makes choices in regard to:
Adjustments with actors/scenes/dialogue
What to keep/remove
These choices are going to alter the movie, hence alter the DNA
Therefore, one director’s movie will be different than another director’s even though they shot the same script.
In other words, the same exact DNA sequence for a particular gene may give rise to different outcomes, depending on its epigenotype and, unlike the genetic code, which Gosden and Feinberg liken to �indelible ink,� the epigenetic code can be altered �like a code written in pencil in the margins�
Gosden RG, Feinberg AP. Genetics and epigenetics�Nature�s pen-and-pencil set. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:731-733.
Can methylation donors help promote a balanced methylation support?
Many doctors and functional medicine practitioners generally recommend higher doses of methyl donors, such as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, or 5-MTHF, and methylcobalamin, in several patients. By way of instance, people with genetic polymorphisms and people with out-of-range methylation-related biomarkers, such as in hyperhomocysteinemia, may often develop health issues which may affect the function of specific enzymes, such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, or MTHFR, among others.
Nutrient deficiencies associated with methyl donors are a prevalent finding in laboratory evaluations, and depending on your population, these may be closely associated with vitamin B12 deficiency-related neuropathy, which is relatively common. Many doctors and functional medicine practitioners also understand the importance of methylation support to help improve hereditary or environmental epigenetic health issues. Improving methylation status and avoiding the pathways of disease and dysfunction associated with potential nutritional deficits in methylation activity is the goal of many healthcare professionals.
However, as with any other biochemical process, methylation activity occurs through the balance of homeodynamics, or the dynamic form of homeostasis. An imbalance in these biochemical processes can ultimately lead to dysfunction and disease. Therefore, although we can be confident that making sure we have enough methyl donors available for use in the human body is essential, we have to question whether �pushing� reaction rates utilizing supraphysiological doses are safe and effective. Instead of forcing reaction rates, perhaps the goal of healthcare professionals should ultimately be to allow the human body to function correctly.
Methylation Supplementation
Numerous health issues associated with long-term, high-dose supplementation for methylation donors include:
According to research studies, the effects of these genetic alterations remains unclear. In comparison to the altered function of MTHFR C677T and A1298C single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, which have been moderately evaluated, the diagnosis of other SNPs can demonstrate the overall function of these specific enzymes. The effect of these SNPs on methylation activity depends on enzymes working together in the circumstance of a person’s internal and external environment. These outcome measures have been demonstrated in a variety of genome research studies. As a result, researchers are unable to determine the effects which these alterations, including that of MTHFR C677T, can develop on a patient’s overall methylation status.
The correct supplementation dose for methylation donors remains mostly unknown, as it may vary tremendously between patients. No research studies have currently demonstrated what the correct dosage or duration of methyl-donor supplementation is required to balance biochemical and epigenetic methylation status. Various side effects of high-dose 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, or 5-MTHF, supplementation have been demonstrated in clinical practice, including anxiety and worsening of symptoms.
Hypermethylation may be detrimental to an individual’s overall health and wellness. The following series of articles contain many examples of region-specific DNA hypermethylation health issues, including immune dysfunction, Downs Syndrome, and cancer. Both DNA hyper- and hypomethylation can develop due to deficiencies in methylation donors. Folic acid has been associated with increased immune hypersensitivity and cancer. The bottom line is that we don�t understand what effect long-term, high-dose methylation donors and supplementation can have on DNA methylation support. Further research studies are still required to show this effect.
Methylation is a biochemical process which involves the conversion of methylation activity for the function of a variety of processes in the human body. Methylation imbalances, however, can cause a variety of health issues. Methylation donors are a form of supplementation for methylation support. But, research studies have demonstrated that supplementation for methylation support may not be right for everyone. The best way to improve methylation is through proper nutrition, physical activity, and exercise, among other dietary and lifestyle modifications. The nutritional guidelines below can help safely and effectively improve methylation support, promoting overall health and wellness.
Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Nutrition for Methylation Support
Methylation status can often depend on a patient’s dietary and lifestyle factors. Dietary and lifestyle factors, including physical activity and exercise, stress, sleep, medicines, and toxin exposure, plays a role in methylation. Single interventions with high-dose nutrient supplementation may lack long-term effectiveness or these may not achieve the desired methylation support.
Dietary and lifestyle modifications are safe and effective, alternative treatment options for most individuals with methylation imbalances. This may be fundamental for certain vulnerable individuals, such as patients with active cancers. Aging is also known to be associated with decreased methylation activity, therefore, the Methylation Diet and Lifestyle, or MDL, program can be utilized as an anti-aging tool. Methylation status diagnosis and treatment is essential during preconception, pregnancy and the postnatal period.
The MDL program and supplementation can help promote overall health and wellness. A dietary and lifestyle treatment approach can also be utilized as a follow-up plan for people who need high-dose nutraceutical support. A variety of foods can promote methylation support. Dietary and lifestyle modifications have also been demonstrated to considerably improve methylation activity.
In the following articles, we will discuss dietary and lifestyle factors which can help support methylation. We will also discuss the basic biochemistry of methylation, the roles of methylation in the human body, how to evaluate methylation status, and the risks and benefits of methyl donor supplementation as well as the health issues associated with too little or too much methylation activity.
Smoothies and Juices for Methylation Support
While many healthcare professionals can recommend nutritional guidelines and lifestyle modifications, there are several alternative treatment options you can try for yourself at home. As described above, however, supplementation for methylation support should be correctly determined by a healthcare professional. Smoothies and juices are a fast and easy way to include all the necessary nutrients you need for methylation support in a single serving. The smoothies and juices below are part of the Methylation Diet Food Plan.
Sea Green Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup cantaloupe, cubed � 1/2 banana � 1 handful of kale or spinach � 1 handful of Swiss chard � 1/4 avocado � 2 teaspoons spirulina powder � 1 cup water � 3 or more ice cubes Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until completely smooth and enjoy!
Berry Bliss Smoothie Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1/2 cup blueberries (fresh or frozen, preferably wild) � 1 medium carrot, roughly chopped � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed or chia seed � 1 tablespoons almonds � Water (to desired consistency) � Ice cubes (optional, may omit if using frozen blueberries) Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until smooth and creamy. Best served immediately!
Sweet and Spicy Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup honeydew melons � 3 cups spinach, rinsed � 3 cups Swiss chard, rinsed � 1 bunch cilantro (leaves and stems), rinsed � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 2-3 knobs whole turmeric root (optional), rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Ginger Greens Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 cup pineapple cubes � 1 apple, sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped � 3 cups kale, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped � 5 cups Swiss chard, rinsed and roughly chopped or ripped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Zesty Beet Juice Servings: 1 Cook time: 5-10 minutes � 1 grapefruit, peeled and sliced � 1 apple, washed and sliced � 1 whole beet, and leaves if you have them, washed and sliced � 1-inch knob of ginger, rinsed, peeled and chopped Juice all ingredients in a high-quality juicer. Best served immediately!
Protein Power Smoothie Serving: 1 Cook time: 5 minutes � 1 scoop protein powder � 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed � 1/2 banana � 1 kiwi, peeled � 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon � Pinch of cardamom � Non-dairy milk or water, enough to achieve desired consistency Blend all ingredients in a high-powered blender until completely smooth. Best served immediately!
ProLon� Fasting Mimicking Diet
alanced methylation support can be achieved through proper nutrition. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet offers a 5-day meal program which has been individually packed and labeled to serve the foods you need for the FMD in precise quantities and combinations. The meal program is made up of ready-to-eat or easy-to-prepare, plant-based foods, including bars, soups, snacks, supplements, a drink concentrate, and teas. The products are scientifically formulated and great tasting. Before starting the ProLon� fasting mimicking diet, 5-day meal program, please make sure to talk to a healthcare professional to find out if the FMD is right for you. The ProLon� fasting mimicking diet can help promote methylation support, among a variety of other healthy benefits.
Many doctors and functional medicine practitioners may recommend higher doses of methyl donors in several patients, however, further research studies are needed to determine the proper amount of methylation supplementation. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
Additional Topic Discussion: Acute Back Pain
Back pain is one of the most prevalent causes of disability and missed days at work worldwide. Back pain attributes to the second most common reason for doctor office visits, outnumbered only by upper-respiratory infections. Approximately 80 percent of the population will experience back pain at least once throughout their life. Your spine is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles, among other soft tissues. Injuries and/or aggravated conditions, such as herniated discs, can eventually lead to symptoms of back pain. Sports injuries or automobile accident injuries are often the most frequent cause of back pain, however, sometimes the simplest of movements can have painful results. Fortunately, alternative treatment options, such as chiropractic care, can help ease back pain through the use of spinal adjustments and manual manipulations, ultimately improving pain relief.
Formulas for Methylation Support
XYMOGEN�s Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The internet sale and discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited.
Proudly, Dr. Alexander Jimenez makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients under our care.
Please call our office in order for us to assign a doctor consultation for immediate access.
If you are a patient of Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling 915-850-0900.
For your convenience and review of the XYMOGEN products please review the following link.*XYMOGEN-Catalog-Download
* All the above XYMOGEN policies remain strictly in force.
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