Can incorporating tonic water benefit individuals who want to drink more water?
Contents
Tonic water is more than just water. Its bitter taste comes from quinine, a natural substance found in the bark of the Peruvian cinchona tree. Most store-bought tonic water contains quinine, with natural or artificial flavors from fruits or herbs to temper the bitterness, varying from brand to brand.
The following nutrition information for one 12-ounce serving of tonic water. (U.S. Department of Agriculture 2018)
Tonic water calories can be high. Some brands can have up to 114 calories per bottle. The reason is they use a sweetener. Some brands have a diet version with zero calories and no sugar but may contain more sodium.
There is no fat or protein in tonic water.
Some brands use high fructose syrup, while others use cane sugar or sugar from the other ingredients. For example, adding an alcoholic ingredient to make a tonic cocktail can significantly increase the calorie count.
Depending on the variety and the amount drunk, tonic water can be a source of sodium. However, sodium intake should be 1500 milligrams per day.
There are 33 grams of carbohydrates per serving with the estimated glycemic load or the numerical value that estimates how much a food will raise an individual’s blood sugar to around four.
There are no significant vitamins or minerals but a small amount of sodium, zinc, and copper.
Quinine is FDA-approved in specific doses to treat malaria. However, the quinine in tonic water is less than prescribed for medicinal purposes. (Achan, J. et al., 2011) Some individuals have tried to use quinine for leg cramps. However, the FDA has warned that this is not recommended and can cause harm. (U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2017)
There are other water alternatives to reduce calories, sodium, and added sugar.
It is possible to have an allergy to quinine that could cause a reaction when drinking tonic water. (Winter F. D., Jr. 2015) In these cases, the research suggests, the allergy may cause:
Individuals can make tonic water with online recipes using different herbs and flavors. Tonic water made at home may or may not be lower in calories than store-bought brands, but the ingredients can be controlled to create beverages that cater to personal tastes. Using tonic or sparkling water, keep the bottled water tightly capped and chilled to maintain carbonation and ready to serve.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. (2018). Beverages, carbonated, tonic water. Retrieved from fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171869/nutrients
Achan, J., Talisuna, A. O., Erhart, A., Yeka, A., Tibenderana, J. K., Baliraine, F. N., Rosenthal, P. J., & D’Alessandro, U. (2011). Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria. Malaria journal, 10, 144. doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-144
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2017). FDA drug safety communication: New risk management plan and patient medication guide for Qualaquin (quinine sulfate). Retrieved from www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/fda-drug-safety-communication-new-risk-management-plan-and-patient-medication-guide-qualaquin
Howard, M. A., Hibbard, A. B., Terrell, D. R., Medina, P. J., Vesely, S. K., & George, J. N. (2003). Quinine allergy causing acute severe systemic illness: report of 4 patients manifesting multiple hematologic, renal, and hepatic abnormalities. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 16(1), 21–26. doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2003.11927884
Winter F. D., Jr (2015). Immune thrombocytopenia associated with consumption of tonic water. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 28(2), 213–216. doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2015.11929233
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The information herein on "Understanding Tonic Water: Quinine, Calories, and More" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.
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