Lying down on the couch or bed when the lower leg seizes with intense sensations and pain that doesn’t stop, and the muscle could be hard to the touch. When trying to move the leg, it feels paralyzed. Nocturnal leg cramps, called muscle spasms or Charley horses, occur when one or more leg muscles tighten involuntarily. Individuals can be awake or asleep when a leg cramp strikes. Chiropractic treatment, decompression, and massage therapies can help relieve symptoms, stretch and relax the muscles, and restore function and health.
Nocturnal Leg Cramps
Nocturnal leg cramps most often affect the gastrocnemius/calf muscle. However, they can also affect the muscles in the front of the thigh/quadriceps and the back of the thigh/hamstrings.
Often, the tight muscle relaxes in less than 10 minutes.
The leg and area can feel sore and tender afterward.
Frequent calf cramps at night can cause sleep problems.
Nocturnal leg cramps are more common among women and older adults.
Causes
There are no known exact cause/s, making most cases idiopathic. However, there are known factors that can increase the risk. These can include:
Prolonged Sitting and Position
Sitting with the legs crossed or the toes pointed for long periods shortens/pulls the calf muscles, which can cause cramping.
Prolonged Standing and Posture
Individuals standing for long periods are likelier to experience nocturnal cramps from the stressed muscles.
Muscle Overexertion
Too much exercise can create an overworked muscle and can contribute to cramps.
Muscles need to be stretched regularly to function correctly.
Lack of physical activity for long periods weakens the muscles, making them more susceptible to injury.
Shortening The Tendons
The tendons, which connect muscles and bones, shorten naturally over time.
Without stretching, this could lead to cramping.
Cramps may be related to foot position when sleeping, with the feet and toes extending away from the body, known as plantar flexion.
This shortens the calf muscles, making them more susceptible to cramping.
Leg cramps at night are unlikely a sign of a more serious medical condition, but they are associated with the following conditions:
Musculoskeletal disorders.
Structural issues – flat feet or spinal stenosis.
Metabolic disorders like diabetes.
Pregnancy.
Medications – statins and diuretics.
Neurological disorders, like motor neuron disease or peripheral neuropathy.
Neurodegenerative disorders.
Liver, kidney, and thyroid conditions.
Cardiovascular conditions.
Chiropractic and Physical Therapy
Rehabilitation with chiropractic, massage, and physical therapy depends on the severity of the injury and condition. A chiropractic treatment plan can include the following:
Calf muscle stretching.
Targeted Stretch Exercises.
Progressive calf stretching exercises – a regular stretching and flexibility program will increase the range of motion and prevent future calf injuries.
Foam rolling – gentle self-massage with a foam roller can help reduce spasms and improve blood circulation.
Percussive massage.
Muscle strengthening exercises will build muscle strength and coordination to prevent future strain injuries.
At-home therapy can include:
Maintain Hydration
Fluids allow for normal muscle function.
Individuals may need to adjust how much fluid is drunk based on weather, age, activity level, and medications.
Change Sleeping Position
Individuals should avoid sleeping in positions in which the feet are pointing downward.
Try sleeping on the back with a pillow behind the knees.
Self Massage
Massaging the affected muscles will help them relax.
Use one or both hands or a massage gun to knead and loosen the muscles gently.
Stretching
Various stretches will maintain the treatment, help keep the muscles relaxed and retrain the muscles.
Stationary Cycle
A few minutes of easy pedaling can help loosen the leg muscles before bed.
Walking on the Heels
This will activate the muscles on the other side of the calf, allowing the calves to relax.
Supportive Footwear
Poor footwear can aggravate issues with the nerves and muscles in the feet and legs.
Orthotics may help.
Heat Application
Heat can soothe tight muscles and increases blood flow to the area.
Apply a hot towel, water bottle, heating pad, or muscle topical cream to the affected area.
A warm bath or shower (if available, shower massage setting) can also help.
Sciatica Secrets Revealed
References
Allen, Richard E, and Karl A Kirby. “Nocturnal leg cramps.” American family physician vol. 86,4 (2012): 350-5.
Butler, J V et al. “Nocturnal leg cramps in older people.” Postgraduate medical journal vol. 78,924 (2002): 596-8. doi:10.1136/pmj.78.924.596
Garrison, Scott R et al. “Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps.” The Cochrane Database of systematic reviews vol. 2012,9 CD009402. Sep 12, 2012, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub2
Giuffre BA, Black AC, Jeanmonod R. Anatomy, Sciatic Nerve. [Updated 2023 May 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482431/
Handa, Junichi, et al. “Nocturnal Leg Cramps and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Community.” International Journal of general medicine vol. 15 7985-7993. Nov 1 2022, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S383425
Hsu D, Chang KV. Gastrocnemius Strain. [Updated 2022 Aug 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534766/
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2019). Night leg cramps. mayoclinic.org/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/causes/sym-20050813
Monderer, Renee S et al. “Nocturnal leg cramps.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience report vol. 10,1 (2010): 53-9. doi:10.1007/s11910-009-0079-5
The central nervous system is responsible for sending neuron signals to all the organs and muscles in the body, allowing for mobility and proper functioning. These signals are constantly exchanged between the organs, muscles, and brain, informing of their activities. However, environmental factors and traumatic injuries can impact the nerve roots, disrupting the flow of signals and leading to musculoskeletal disorders. This can result in misalignments in the body and chronic pain if left untreated. Today’s article will inform us about peripheral neuropathy, a nerve injury correlated with back pain, and how spinal decompression can relieve this condition. We work with certified medical providers who use our patients’ valuable information to provide non-surgical treatments, including spinal decompression, to relieve pain-like symptoms associated with peripheral neuropathy. We encourage patients to ask essential questions and seek education about their condition. Dr. Jimenez, D.C., provides this information as an educational service. Disclaimer
What Is Peripheral Neuropathy?
Peripheral neuropathy refers to a range of conditions that affect the nerve roots and can cause chronic symptoms throughout the body, as research studies revealed. The nerve cells in our body transmit messages between the brain and other body parts. When these cells are damaged, it can disrupt communication between the central nervous system, leading to muscle and organ problems. Studies have linked peripheral neuropathy to pain and other symptoms, which can have a negative impact on daily activities, quality of life, and mental and physical well-being. Additionally, peripheral neuropathy may increase the risk of falls.
How Peripheral Neuropathy Correlates With Back Pain
Have you recently felt a tingling or sharp sensation when you stepped or experienced constant lower back pain? These symptoms could be related to peripheral neuropathy, which can cause back pain. “The Ultimate Spinal Decompression,” a book by Dr. Perry Bard, D.C. and Dr. Eric Kaplan, D.C., FIAMA, explains that peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage that affects the legs, causing numbness, pain, tingling, and oversensitivity to touch in the toes and feet. This can cause the muscles in the lower back to shift weight away from the painful areas, leading to low back pain. Research studies have revealed that chronic low back pain can involve both nociceptive and neuropathic pain mechanisms. Nociceptive pain is a response to tissue injury that activates the muscles. In contrast, neuropathic pain affects nerve roots branching from the spine and lower limbs, often resulting from damaged spinal discs. Fortunately, there are ways to manage peripheral neuropathy and its associated back pain.
Peripheral Neuropathy Relief & Treatment- Video
Peripheral neuropathy is a nerve injury that affects people differently and can cause sensory symptoms in the upper and lower body. Those with peripheral neuropathy may experience constant pain in their extremities, which can lead to compensation in other muscles and spinal misalignment. This can result in chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Studies show that peripheral neuropathy, especially in cases of low back pain, can cause a malfunction in the brain’s pain modulatory system, leading to overlapping risks and dysfunction. However, various treatments are available to restore the body and reduce neuropathic pain, including chiropractic care and spinal decompression. The video above explains more information on how these treatments can help alleviate neuropathic pain and release the body from subluxation.
Peripheral neuropathy can cause a lot of pain, and many people consider surgery to treat it. However, this can be expensive, so some people opt for non-surgical treatments like spinal decompression and chiropractic care. Studies have shown that spinal decompression can be very helpful in relieving nerve entrapment and improving low back pain symptoms. It’s a safe and gentle treatment that uses traction to help the spine return to its position and allow fluids and nutrients to flow back in. Combining spinal decompression with other therapies can also help reduce peripheral neuropathy symptoms, improving people’s quality of life and helping them become more mindful of their bodies.
Conclusion
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that results from nerve injuries and can affect both the upper and lower parts of the body. This disorder can cause sensory symptoms that may lead to musculoskeletal conditions, spinal misalignment, and disability. Pain and discomfort are common experiences for those with this condition, which can negatively impact their daily lives. Fortunately, spinal decompression can help alleviate the effects of peripheral neuropathy by gently stretching the spine, releasing entrapped nerves, and correcting subluxation. These treatments are safe, non-invasive, and can be incorporated into an individual’s health and wellness plan.
Idiopathic scoliosis means that no cause congenital or neuromuscular that created the spinal deformation has been identified. However, idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, affecting 2% to 3% of individuals. Individuals diagnosed with an idiopathic disease or condition can be frustrated with more questions than answers, but it can still be treated in adults and kids.
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Congenital Scoliosis
Congenital scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine related to which the patient was born.
Usually, a failure of formation or segmentation during normal development leads to the spinal condition.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Individuals with neuromuscular scoliosis are usually born with neurological disorders that contribute to muscular unevenness, often resulting in the development of the condition.
For example, individuals with cerebral palsy are born with muscular unevenness that can contribute to scoliosis development.
Who Is Affected
Anyone can develop scoliosis, but children and adults are divided into separate categories.
Children
Children with this condition are divided into three subcategories:
Adolescents are from 11 onward or when starting puberty, to the point where the skeleton fully matures.
Adults
Idiopathic scoliosis in adults results from undiagnosed or untreated scoliosis in childhood that gradually progressed.
Causes
Research has found a genetic predisposition to developing scoliosis, as it has been found to run in families. Genetic testing has been designed to help determine the risk of developing progressive scoliosis. Theories have been presented about abnormalities that affect the nervous system. These include:
Dysfunctions of the brain stem or equilibrium have been frequently identified in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis.
Other theories suggest skeletal growth abnormalities or hormonal/metabolic dysfunction may contribute to the condition.
However, determining its exact cause remains unknown.
Signs and Symptoms
Here are some things to look out for.
The body leans to one side.
There is an unevenness of the ribcage or hips.
Uneven shoulders.
Shoulder blades may protrude or stick out.
The head is not positioned directly above the pelvis.
Diagnosis
Idiopathic scoliosis curves tend to follow predictable patterns.
Magnetic resonance images/MRIs of the spine can show evidence of any significant abnormalities. If no other related condition is present to suggest different causes, then the idiopathic scoliosis diagnosis can be made.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the individual’s age and the degree of curvature in the spine.
In many cases, adolescent or juvenile idiopathic scoliosis patients that have a mild curve can be treated with a brace.
Adults could need surgical intervention, such as a fusion surgery where rods and screws are added to realign the spine and relieve the pressure on the nerves.
Chiropractor
References
Burnei, G et al. “Congenital scoliosis: an up-to-date.” Journal of medicine and life vol. 8,3 (2015): 388-97.
Clément, Jean-Luc, et al. “Relationship between thoracic hypokyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal pelvic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.” The European spine journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society vol. 22,11 (2013): 2414-20. doi:10.1007/s00586-013-2852-z
Giampietro, Philip F et al. “Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis: clinical and genetic aspects.” Clinical medicine & research vol. 1,2 (2003): 125-36. doi:10.3121/cmr.1.2.125
Back pain for no reason that is non-specific is also known as idiopathic, meaning there is no definitive cause like a herniated disc, vehicle accident/crash, falling accident, work, school, or sports injury. An aching sore back that came out of nowhere can be baffling. However, there are reasons for pain, including age, unhealthy posture, work occupation, muscle spasms, lifestyle habits, family medical history, and viscerosomatic reflexes.
Back Pain No Reason
Individuals will trace back their steps and often find that there was no heavy lifting of packages, overdoing it working out, or bending, twisting awkwardly, but the pain is present.
Age
Age is a primary cause of back pain. After the age of 20, the discs in the spine begin to dehydrate, shrink, and compress/flatten out. This can cause everyday activities to generate back strain and pain as the discs begin to slip, slide, and rub against each other. This is known as degenerative disc disease and is a process that continues as the body gets older.
Back Muscle Spasms
Muscle spasms are a common manifestation of back pain and occur when the muscles involuntarily contract. Spasms often happen from bending, heavy lifting, or other physical activities.
Lifestyle Factors
Lifestyle factors can be a causation factor for back pain that comes out of nowhere.
Smoking increases the risk as nicotine increases the wear and tear on the discs as well as other organs.
The smoke/nicotine causes the discs to age faster because it breaks down the collagen, an essential part of the discs.
Individuals that are out of shape, overweight, and/or obese are more likely to have back pain from the added weight.
Unhealthy Posture/Mechanics
Practicing unhealthy postures will no doubt begin to cause back or some type of pain from the strain and awkward positioning placed on the muscles being used. Strains, twists, pulls, or tears can occur if repeating the same motion.
Viscerosomatic Reflex
Viscera means organ, and somatic refers to the body or musculoskeletal system. A viscerosomatic reaction happens when a pain signal from an organ is transmitted via the spinal cord, where neurons and motor structures like the muscles, blood vessels, and skin are interconnected. The body’s organs can become distressed or suffer an infection/disease that causes signals to be sent that there is something wrong. However, the signal could be pain that materializes in the spine/back muscles but is not a spinal injury or condition.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The first step to successfully treating back pain is scheduling an appointment with a spine specialist or chiropractor. A series of specific questions will be asked to gain insight into the underlying cause of the pain. These include:
Location of the pain
Intensity of the pain
Frequency of the pain
Medical history
Diet habits
A careful examination is necessary for the doctor to identify the reasons in any individual patient. Once the physician has learned about the symptoms and history, they can determine a possible cause and create a personalized treatment/rehabilitation plan to get the body back to optimal health.
Decompression Patient Testimonials
References
Koes, B W et al. “Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain.” BMJ (Clinical research ed.) vol. 332,7555 (2006): 1430-4. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7555.1430
Lankhorst, G J et al. “The natural history of idiopathic low back pain. A three-year follow-up study of spinal motion, pain and functional capacity.” Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine vol. 17,1 (1985): 1-4.
Walker, Bruce F et al. “Combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain.” The Cochrane database of systematic reviews vol. 2010,4 CD005427. 14 Apr. 2010, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005427.pub2
The most�common type of arthritis in children and adolescents is Juvenile idiopathic arthritis aka (JIA) a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects kids 16 years and younger. It is a rare condition, that affects around 1 in every 1,000 children. It can cause�joint�pain and stiffness throughout the body, especially the facet joints/spinal joints.
Types of Arthritis that Fall Under JIA
Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis was known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not a child/teenage version of adult rheumatoid arthritis. Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis falls into a group of several types of arthritis. When a doctor diagnoses JIA, they will determine the type.
To better understand how this arthritis affects the spine, it helps to know some of the terminology.
Enthesitis: Inflammation of the entheses is the area where tendons and ligaments connect to bone/s.
Spondyloarthritis: Arthritis that attacks the entheses of the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis is an example of spondyloarthritis.
The neck joints are the most common to be attacked by JIA. Whereas, spondyloarthritis causes pain and stiffness in the low back.
Typical Symptoms
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis happens in children aged 16 years and younger. Symptoms include:
Joint pain
Swelling
Stiffness
Tenderness
Mild heat or a warmness that has been present for at least 6 weeks.
Other symptoms can include muscles and soft tissues becoming tight, erosion of the bone,�joint misalignment, and abnormal growth patterns.
Diagnosis Can Be A Challenge
Diagnosis is not always straightforward, and there are criteria for diagnosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The doctor will perform a physical exam and order tests. They will monitor the child�s symptoms for at least 6 weeks initially, and then for 6 months after the onset of the disease. During this time, figuring the number of joints involved helps determine the diagnosis. As joint involvement can vary by the type of arthritis, and symptoms can and do change regularly.
This arthritis attacks the joints of the spine, specifically in the neck. However, with certain types of spondyloarthropathy, the lower back can become the target.
Diagnosing arthritis involves a complete and thorough examination. If a chiropractor has been brought in to help with the case, a medical work-up by a rheumatologist could be recommended. This includes radiology/X-rays or an MRI, urine, blood analysis and physical examinations.
Treatment
A doctor may recommend a multi-disciplinary approach to treat JIA. They may prescribe various types of therapies/treatments focused on stopping the disease’s progression. The treatment plan will include teaching healthy habits to prevent future back pain.
Medication/s
Treatment usually starts with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory’s. A doctor can also prescribe a corticosteroid to control the inflammation. Most respond well to anti-inflammatory medication, however, these medicines do not treat the underlying disease or the root cause.
Inflammatory arthritis and its progression can be controlled with certain medications. There are disease-modifying antirheumatic medications that can slow the disease�s progression. There are also TNF-blocking medications that can help block a specific protein known as tumor necrosis factor that causes inflammation. Etanercept known on the market as Enbrel and adalimumab aka Humira are examples of TNF-blockers that can prevent the disease from progressing.
Chiropractic
Understand that chiropractic medicine cannot cure arthritis, but it can help alleviate the symptoms and slow the progression. They will use spinal adjustments in conjunction with other treatments. These can include:
Hot and cold treatments
Ultrasound
Massage
Electronic muscle stimulation
Magnet therapy
Physical rehabilitation
Physical Therapy Exercise
Focuses on:
Proper posture
Joint mobility
Deep breathing
Exercises
Healthy lifestyle education
Patients can develop a forward posture that can lead to a hunched back and neck pain. Postural training and back extension exercises are helpful. Stretching and range of motion exercises keep the facet and rib joints functioning and mobile. Deep breathing expands the chest which expands the rib joints and aids lung function. Depending on the type and severity, a doctor might try other approaches like spine surgery.
Optimal Results
If you or someone has been diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the spine,�learn as much as possible about the disease and the ways to combat it. Being informed about this or any disease encourages empowerment and engagement throughout the treatment process.
The best results are achieved by attacking it from all angles. Working with a chiropractor and rheumatologist in combination. A chiropractor will train the individual on how to maintain a healthy diet and maintain an active exercise program to help with movement. This is geared toward a healthy outcome.
Low Back & Neck Pain Chiropractic Care
NCBI Resources
IFM's Find A Practitioner tool is the largest referral network in Functional Medicine, created to help patients locate Functional Medicine practitioners anywhere in the world. IFM Certified Practitioners are listed first in the search results, given their extensive education in Functional Medicine